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Umthamo we-Atenolol, amafomu, namandla

Umthamo we-Atenolol, amafomu, namandlaImininingwane Yezidakamizwa Umthamo ojwayelekile we-atenolol wabantu abadala abane-hypertension ngu-25-100 mg nsuku zonke

Amafomu namandla | I-Atenolol yezingane | Imikhawulo yesilinganiso se-Atenolol | I-Atenolol yezilwane ezifuywayo | Ungayithatha kanjani i-atenolol | Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa





I-Atenolol ngumuthi kadokotela ojwayelekile ojwayelekile Kuvunyelwe i-FDA ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-acute myocardial infarction (isifo senhliziyo), kanye ne-angina ezinzile engapheli (ubuhlungu besifuba). Futhi kunqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo , ukuhoxiswa kwesifo sotshwala, i-thyrotoxicosis (isiphepho se-thyroid) ukuvimbela imicimbi yenhliziyo, nokuvimbela i-migraine.



I-Atenolol inguhlobo olujwayelekile lomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo I-Tenormin . I-Atenolol ihlukaniswa njenge- i-beta blocker . Ihlukaniswa kakhulu njenge-antianginal agent kanye ne-antihypertensive agent. Isebenza ngokuzibophezela kuma-receptors enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi. Yehlisa umfutho wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni.

I-Atenolol ivame ukuthathwa njengethebhulethi. Umthamo uzoncika esimweni esiphethwe, iminyaka yesiguli, nokuthi izinso zazo zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

OKUSHIWO: Amakhuphoni wamahhala e-atenolol | Yini i-atenolol?



Amafomu we-Atenolol namandla

I-Atenolol itholakala njengethebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha futhi njengesixazululo sokufakwa okufakwa emithanjeni. Itholakala ngamandla alandelayo:

  • Amathebulethi: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
  • Ukumnika IV: 5 mg / 10 ml
Ishadi lokulinganisa le-Atenolol
Inkomba Isilinganiso sokuqala Umthamo ojwayelekile Umthamo omkhulu
I-infarction ye-myocardial acute (isifo senhliziyo) 5 mg IV ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-5, bese kuba umthamo wesibili emizuzwini eyi-10 kamuva Ithebhulethi engu-50 mg imizuzu eyi-10 ngemuva komthamo wokugcina we-IV bese kuba njalo ngamahora ayi-12 ngemuva kwalokho Ithebhulethi engu-100 mg kanye ngosuku
U-Angina pectoris (ubuhlungu besifuba) Ithebhulethi engu-50 mg kanye ngosuku Ithebhulethi engu-100 mg kanye ngosuku Ithebhulethi engu-200 mg kanye ngosuku
I-cardiac dysrhythmia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile) 25-100 mg kanye ngosuku 50-100 mg kanye ngosuku Ithebhulethi engu-100 mg kabili ngosuku
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophezulu) Ithebhulethi engu-25-50 mg kanye ngosuku Ithebhulethi engu-25-100 mg nsuku zonke ngemithamo emibili ehlukanisiwe 100 mg nsuku zonke
I-Congenital long QT syndrome Ithebhulethi engu-25-100 mg kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke Ithebhulethi engu-25-100 mg kanye noma kabili ngosuku Ithebhulethi engu-100 mg kabili ngosuku
Ukuvimbela i-Migraine Ithebhulethi engu-25-50 mg nsuku zonke Ithebhulethi engu-100 mg nsuku zonke 200 mg nsuku zonke
I-Thyrotoxicosis (isiphepho se-thyroid) Ithebhulethi engu-25-100 mg kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke Ithebhulethi engu-25-100 mg kanye noma kabili ngosuku Ithebhulethi engu-100 mg kabili ngosuku

OKUSHIWO: Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo vs. isifo senhliziyo

Umthamo we-Atenolol we-infarction ye-myocardial

I-Atenolol inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi ngokushesha okukhulu ezigulini ezifika esibhedlela kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 we-infarction ye-myocardial (isifo senhliziyo). I-Atenolol inciphisa ubunzima enhliziyweni ngokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, namandla wezingcindezi zenhliziyo. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi beziguli ezingena ku-ventricular fibrillation (i-arrhythmia esongela impilo) noma ithuthukise i-infarction yesibili. Umthamo ulawulwa yi-5 mg ngokuhamba kwemizuzu. Umthamo ofanayo uyaphindwa emizuzwini eyi-10 kamuva. Iziguli zizothola i-50 mg dose ngomlomo emahoreni ayi-12 kamuva, futhi ziqhubeke nokuthatha i-100 mg nsuku zonke (kungaba njengomthamo owodwa noma ihlukaniswe ngemithamo emibili ye-50 mg) izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.



Isilinganiso se-Atenolol se-angina pectoris

I-Atenolol iyindlela yokwelashwa yokuqala yokulawula izimpawu ezigulini ezine-angina engapheli. Izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu besifuba zenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo icindezeleke ngokweqile. I-Atenolol inciphisa ubunzima enhliziyweni ngokunciphisa izinga namandla okuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzolungisa umthamo we-atenolol ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphumula kwesilinganiso senhliziyo sama-beats angama-55 kuye kwangama-60 ngomzuzu nokufeza ukulawula izimpawu, ngomthamo omkhulu ongu-200 mg ngosuku.

OKUSHIWO: Yini ukushaya kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile?

Isilinganiso se-Atenolol sokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

I-Atenolol isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ezigulini ezine-arrhythmia, imvamisa i-atrial fibrillation (AF). Kuyasiza ekugcineni isigqi senhliziyo esijwayelekile ezigulini ezinesifo i-arrhythmia nokunciphisa izimpawu ezigulini ezibhekene ne-arrhythmia. Umthamo ojwayelekile ungama-50-100 mg nsuku zonke, kanti iziguli eziningi ziqala kuma-25 mg nsuku zonke.



Umthamo we-Atenolol we-hypertension

I-Atenolol ngokuvamile igcinwe njenge-add-on therapy ye umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezigulini ezinezimpawu ezingalawulwa ngokwanele yinhlanganisela yeminye imithi efana ne-calcium channel blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, ne-diuretics. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa i-atenolol njenge-ejenti yokuqala yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngoba izivimbeli ze-beta zinikeza ukuvikeleka okuncane ekushayweni unhlangothi nakho konke okubangela ukufa uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithi eqeda umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Umthamo we-atenolol ulungiswa ukufeza umfutho wegazi ongaphansi kuka-130/80 mm Hg ezigulini eziningi, ngomthamo omkhulu ka-100 mg ngosuku.

Ucwaningo luphenye ukuthi imiphi imithamo ye-atenolol elingana nayo metoprolol futhi i-propranolol amabanga wedosi, ngokusebenza kokulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi. Ngenkathi imiphumela ingakhombisi ubudlelwano obuqondile, isengaba wusizo ekulinganiseni isilinganiso sokuqala lapho kuguqulwa phakathi kwe-beta blockers. Imiphumela ifingqiwe ngezansi:



Atenolol vs. metoprolol dosage
Umthamo wansuku zonke we-Atenolol Umthamo wansuku zonke weMetoprolol
50 mg 50 mg
50 mg 100 mg
50 mg 150 mg
100 mg 200 mg
Umthamo we-Atenolol vs. propranolol
Umthamo wansuku zonke we-Atenolol Umthamo wansuku zonke wePropranolol
50 mg Ngaphansi kuka-80 mg
50 mg 80 kuya ku-120 mg
50 mg 120 kuya ku-160 mg
100 mg Bangaphezu kuka-160 mg

Umthamo we-Atenolol wesifo sokuzalwa esinde se-QT syndrome

I-Congenital long QT syndrome yisifo esizuzwa njengefa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kubonakala ngokungajwayelekile ekuqhutshweni kwenhliziyo, futhi kubeka iziguli engcupheni eyandayo ye-arrhythmias yenhliziyo eyingozi. I-Atenolol ingazizuzisa lezi ziguli ngokunciphisa ubungozi be-arrhythmias yenhliziyo. Kungasiza futhi ukujwayela ukuqhutshwa kwenhliziyo. Ububanzi besilinganiso ngu25-100 mg kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke.

Isilinganiso se-Atenolol sokuvimbela i-migraine

I-Atenolol ivimbela imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ukuthi ivuleke — lokhu kunwetshwa kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho kuhlotshaniswa ne-migraines. Ngokwengeziwe, i-atenolol inciphisa imisebenzi ethile ye-neural eholela ku-migraines, ngenkathi ikhuthaza izimo ze-neural ukuthi unciphise i-migraines . Kuthathwa ngomlomo kanye ngosuku, kuqala ngomthamo ophansi ofana no-25 kuye ku-50 mg, bese unyuka uma kudingeka. Umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke wokuvimbela i-migraine yi-200 mg nsuku zonke.



Umthamo we-Atenolol we-thyrotoxicosis

Ama-beta blocker anjenge-atenolol asetshenziswa lapho amazinga e-thyroid (ikakhulukazi i-T3) ephezulu kakhulu. Izinga eliphakeme le-T3 lidala ukwanda komsebenzi we-beta-adrenergic, ongadala ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukukhathazeka nokuthuthumela. I-Atenolol inciphisa lezi zimpawu ngokunciphisa umsebenzi we-beta-adrenergic. I-Atenolol ingasiza futhi ukwehlisa amazinga we-T3. Ububanzi bomthamo wokwelapha izivunguvungu ze-thyroid ngu25-100 mg kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke.

Isilinganiso se-Atenolol sezingane

I-Atenolol ayivunyelwe i-FDA ukuthi isetshenziswe ezigulini ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala kepha ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwelebula ezigulini zezingane. Uma isetshenziswa kubantu bezingane, umthamo ususelwa kusisindo. Ngezansi kukhona okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-atenolol ezinganeni, ngomthamo ofanele:



Umthamo we-Atenolol ezinganeni
Inkomba Isilinganiso esinconyiwe Umthamo omkhulu
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu 0.5-1 mg / kg / ngosuku kumthamo owodwa noma ohlukanisiwe 2 mg / kg / ngosuku engeqi ku-100 mg / ngosuku
I-hemangioma yezinsana 0.5-1 mg / kg / ngosuku njengomthamo owodwa wansuku zonke 1 mg / kg njengomthamo owodwa wansuku zonke
I-dysrhythmia yenhliziyo(ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile) 0.3-1.4 mg / kg / ngosuku. Ingakhuphuka ngo-0.5 mg / kg / ngosuku njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4 2 mg / kg / ngosuku
Isifo seMarfan 0.5-4 mg / kg kanye ngosuku 4 mg / kg / ngosuku (hhayi ukweqa umthamo ophelele ka-250 mg)

Imikhawulo yesilinganiso se-Atenolol

Iziguli ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba

Iziguli ezinokukhubazeka kwezinso zidinga umthamo ophansi we-atenolol. Bheka amanani aphezulu we-atenolol wokukhubazeka kwezinso:

  • Isifo sezinso esimaphakathi nesimaphakathi (imvume ye-creatinine phakathi kuka-15 no-35 ml / no / 1.73m2): Umthamo omkhulu ka-50 mg ngosuku
  • Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwezinso (imvume ye-creatinine engaphansi kuka-15 ml / in / 1.73m2): Umthamo omkhulu ka-25 mg ngosuku

Izimo

Kunokuphikisana okumbalwa okuphelele ekusebenziseni i-atenolol. Ungathathi i-atenolol uma une:

  • I-bradycardia enamandla (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane)
  • Isifo se-sinus syndrome
  • Ibhlokhi yenhliziyo yesibili noma yesithathu (ezigulini ezingenayo i-pacemaker)
  • Isifuba somoya esibucayi noma esingalawuleki
  • I-COPD enento esebenzayo
  • Ukushaqeka kwe-Cardiogenic

I-Atenolol ivame ukugwenywa ezigulini ezinesifo senhliziyo esibucayi (ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-ventricular nge-volume overload), isifo se-peripheral vascular, kanye ne-asthma noma i-COPD emnene ukuya kokulinganayo. Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa uma kungasetshenziswa kulezi zimo.

Ungayisebenzisi i-atenolol uma une-allergen reaction ku-atenolol noma eminye imithi ye-beta blocker efana ne-metoprolol, labetalol, acebutolol, carvedilol, propranolol, bisoprolol, nadolol, noma nebivolol.

Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa

Akuphephile ukuthatha i-atenolol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngoba ingadala ingozi enganeni engakazalwa. Kwezinye izimo, izingozi zokulimaza ingane kumele zilinganiswe nenzuzo kunina, njengasesimweni lapho i-atenolol isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isimo esisongela impilo njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ingozi yokulimaza inkulu kakhulu phakathi ne-trimester yesibili neyesithathu.

Ukuthatha i-atenolol ngenkathi uncelisa kuveza usana emiphumeleni yomuthi. I-Atenolol igxila obisini lwebele, okubeka usana engcupheni enkulu yemiphumela emibi eyingozi.

Imiphumela ye-Atenolol kushukela wegazi

Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zazi ukuthi ama-beta blocker anjenge-atenolol angafihla izimpawu zoshukela wegazi ophansi, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukundindizela, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Olunye uphawu lwe-hypoglycemia i-beta blockers engalufihli ukujuluka. Ama-beta blockers afana ne-atenolol nawo ahlotshaniswa nokubekezelela ukungasebenzi kahle kweglucose kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokwanda kwesifo sikashukela, okubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abanesifo sikashukela esivele sikhona nalabo abasengozini yokuthuthuka isifo sikashukela . Kubalulekile kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela uku qapha ushukela wegazi usuku lonke , ikakhulukazi lapho uthatha i-beta blocker.

Umthamo we-Atenolol wezilwane ezifuywayo

I-Atenolol ijwayele ukunikezwa odokotela bezilwane ukwelapha isifo se-coronary ezifuyweni. Ngokuvamile, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-cardiomyopathy (imvamisa ebangelwa yi-hyperthyroidism), i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme emakati nasezinja. Lokhu ukusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula kwe-atenolol ngoba akuyona i-FDA evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezilwaneni.

Umthamo ojwayelekile wezinja ngu-0.12-0.45 mg / lb kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Umthamo ojwayelekile wamakati ngu-1 mg / lb.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-atenolol

  • Kungcono ukuthatha lo muthi esiswini esingenalutho.
  • Thatha i-atenolol njengoba iqondiswe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Umthamo wakho ungadinga ukuguqulwa kaningana ukuthola ukuthi yini okukusebenzela kangcono.
  • Gcina umuthi esitsheni esivaliwe ekamelweni lokushisa (phakathi kuka-68 no-77 degrees Fahrenheit), kude nokushisa, umswakama, nokukhanya okuqondile.
  • Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona izimpawu zemiphumela emibi kakhulu, njengezandla nezinyawo ezibandayo, noma ukozela okungavamile, ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala.

Ama-FAQ wesilinganiso se-Atenolol

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza kwe-atenolol?

I-Atenolol ingaba nomthelela kungakapheli ihora elilodwa lokuthatha ithebhulethi ngomlomo. Umphumela omkhulu womthamo othile uqobo uvela emahoreni amabili kuya kwamane ngemuva kokuthatha umthamo womlomo. Yilapho ukuhlushwa kwe-atenolol kukhulu kakhulu egazini.

Lapho ihlinzekwa ngemithambo yegazi, i-atenolol inomthelela phakathi nemizuzu emihlanu.

Kwezinye izimo, njenge-hypertension, ukuthuthuka akuhlobene ngqo namazinga we-atenolol egazini. Isibonelo, kungathatha izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-14 ukuthi i-atenolol ibe nomphumela wayo ophelele njengokwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kungathatha amahora amathathu kuye kwayisithupha ukuthi i-atenolol ibe nomphumela wayo ophelele ekwelapheni i-angina.

I-atenolol ihlala isikhathi esingakanani kusistimu yakho?

Kubantu abaningi abadala, i-atenolol izokhishwa emzimbeni amahora angama-32 ngemuva komthamo wokugcina. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuqeda i-atenolol sizoba side kakhulu kubantu abadala nasezigulini ezinokukhubazeka kwezinso ukusebenza.

Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-atenolol?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-atenolol, thatha umthamo ngokushesha kwakho lapho ukhumbula. Uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, linda kuze kube yileso sikhathi bese uthatha umthamo ojwayelekile. Ungathathi umuthi owengeziwe ukwenzela umthamo ophuthelwe.

Ngiyeka kanjani ukuthatha i-atenolol?

I-Atenolol akufanele imiswe ngokungazelelwe. Kumele ifakwe kancane kancane ukuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxa ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, nokuphakama kwenhliziyo. Ukuyekiswa okungazelelwe kuholele ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwezinye iziguli. Ukuvikela lezi zingcuphe, umthamo we-atenolol kufanele wehle kancane kancane esikhathini esiyisonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kokuma ngokuphelele. Iziguli kufanele zinciphise umsebenzi womzimba ngalesi sikhathi. Uma izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba zenzeka ngemuva kokumisa i-atenolol, umuthi kufanele ubuyiswe okwesikhashana.

Uyini isilinganiso esiphezulu se-atenolol?

Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-atenolol sincike ezintweni eziqondene nesiguli ezifana nobudala, ukusebenza kwezinso, nesifo senhliziyo esingaphansi. Ngokuvamile, umthamo wansuku zonke omkhulu ngu-200 mg ngosuku kubantu abadala kanye no-4 mg / kg / ngosuku ezinganeni.

Yini esebenzisana ne-atenolol?

Iziphuzo zezithelo ezinjenge-grapefruit, i-orange, nejusi le-apula kunganciphisa ukumuncwa kwama-beta blocker athile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema ukuphuza lawa ngenkathi uthatha i-atenolol. Ukuthatha i-atenolol nokunye ukudla kungaba nomphumela ofanayo, ngakho-ke i-atenolol kufanele ithathwe esiswini esingenalutho. Umphumela wokudla awaziwa kangako kunejusi yezithelo, noma kunjalo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ube nemiphumela yomtholampilo. I-Atenolol ingathathwa ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kepha iziguli kufanele zingaguquguquki kunoma yikuphi.

Ama-Bronchodilators

Eminye imithi ingaxhumana ne-atenolol. Ama-bronchodilators afana ne-albuterol, i-vilanterol, ne-formoterol (esetshenziselwa ukuphefumula kancane ezigulini ezine-COPD ne-asthma) angaba nomphumela ohlukile we-beta blockers, okungahle kube nomphumela imiphumela emibi emibi yenhliziyo . I-Atenolol inganciphisa nokusebenza kwe-bronchodilators, okuholela kuma-bronchospasms noma enkingeni yokuphefumula . Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-bronchodilators kanye ne-beta blockers kukhulu kakhulu kuma-block blocker we-non-cardioselective, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-beta blockers ye-cardioselective efana ne-atenolol. Ngenkathi lokhu kusebenzisana kubonakele, kusacatshangelwa kuphephile ukuthatha i-atenolol nama-bronchodilators .

Ama-alpha-agonists asebenza maphakathi

Ama-alpha-agonists asebenza maphakathi nendawo (njenge-guanfacine, methyldopa, ne-clonidine) angadala i-hypotension lapho ethathwa nge-atenolol. Ngokwengeziwe, kunengozi enkulu yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme lapho i-alpha-agonist esebenza maphakathi nendawo isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-atenolol, futhi noma imiphi imithi imiswa ngokungazelelwe.

Eminye imithi eyehlisa umfutho wegazi

Ezinye izigaba zemithi eyehlisa umfutho wegazi ingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola umfutho wegazi ophansi lapho ithathwa nge-atenolol. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izivimbeli zesiteshi se-calcium (njenge-verapamil, amlodipine, diltiazem), yize odokotela bengazisebenzisa nge-atenolol ngaphansi kweso elibukhali.

Izidakamizwa ze-Arrhythmia

Izidakamizwa ezithinta isigqi senhliziyo (njenge-digoxin, i-amiodarone, i-dofetilide, ne-disopyramide) zinganciphisa inhliziyo kakhulu lapho zithathwa nge-atenolol. Vala ukwenganyelwa ngummemezeli kuyadingeka lapho i-atenolol isetshenziswa nezidakamizwa ze-arrhythmia.

Ama-NSAID

Ama-NSAID afana ne-diflunisal, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ne-naproxen angaqeda ukucindezelwa kwegazi okwehlisa imiphumela ye-atenolol ngokubanga amazinga e-potassium anyukayo nokugcinwa koketshezi.

Ama-MAOIs

Isigaba semithi yezempilo yengqondo ebizwa nge-monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs singakhuphula imiphumela yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi we-atenolol. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-isocarboxazid, selegiline, rasagiline, phenelzine, ne-tranylcypromine). Ama-MAOI ayaqhubeka nokwandisa imiphumela yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi we-atenolol kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kokumiswa.

Izinsizakusebenza