Ukugcwala ngokweqile: Ukufundisa izingane ezine-autism ukuthatha imithi

Imfundo Yezempilo

Noma bengathandi ukunambitheka ketshezi, besaba noma bengakwazi ukugwinya amaphilisi ngempumelelo, noma besabe imijovo, ezinye izingane zilwela ukuphuza imithi yazo ngempumelelo.

Kubazali bezingane ezitholwe zine-autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi bathatha imishanguzo ebagcina bephilile kungaba ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Lo mhlahlandlela uzochaza ukuthi kungani izingane ezine-autism zenqaba imithi nezeluleko ezithile zokwenza ukuphuza imithi kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungani ezinye izingane ezine-autism zikugwema ukuthatha imishanguzo?

Ukwenqaba kwemithi kungenzeka nganoma yiluphi usuku nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kepha uma ingane yakho yenqaba njalo umuthi, kungasiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukusola ingane futhi usebenze nabo ukunqoba ukukhathazeka kwabo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Autism nokukhathazeka

Amaphesenti angama-40 abantu abasha abatholakala ukuthi bane-autism spectrum disorder banezinga eliphakeme lokugula noma okungenani isifo esisodwa sokukhathazeka, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kokucindezela ngokweqile, ngokusho kwe-Anxiety and Depression Association of America ,

Izinkinga zokukhathazeka ezinjengalezi kungaba yisizathu sokuthatha umuthi, futhi kungaba yisizathu sokuthi ingane yakho yenqabe umuthi. Ukuphuza imishanguzo kungabonisa noshintsho esimweni esijwayelekile — okuyimbangela yokuhlupheka okuvamile ezinganeni ezitholwe zine-ASD.

Ukuzwela kokuthandwayo nokwakheka

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukukhetha ukudla, noma ukukhetha ukudla, kuyinto okuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-autism kunabantu abaningi. Ukukhethwa kokudla kungaxhunyaniswa nokuzwela okuphezulu kokuthandwayo nephunga.

Izingane ezine-autism zingahlangabezana nezwe elibazungezile ngokuhlukile. Umsindo, ukubona,

noma ukunambitheka okubonakala kungamangalisi kubantu abaningi kungadala ukusabela okweqile. Ngamanye amagama, umuthi oketshezi onephunga elihle kuwe ubunganuka amanyala enganeni ene-autism.

Kunzima ukugwinya amaphilisi

Ukugwinya kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo ngolimi, ulwanga oluqinile, nomphimbo. Ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezitholwe zine-ASD zinamathuba amaningi okuba nobunzima bezinzwa nokuxhumanisa, ezinye nje azikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yezimoto edingekayo ukugwinya ngomyalo.

Esigabeni somlomo sokugwinya, ulimi nolwanga oluqinile kumele kuhambise ukudla kuye ngemuva komphimbo. Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, i-reflex swallow kufanele isebenze. Uma kungenjalo, ingane ingakhwehlela, iklince, ikhafule, noma iphilisi linamathele emphinjeni.

Ukwesaba izinaliti noma okunye ukwesaba

Ukwesaba okuqondile nama-phobias kungenye yezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zezifo ze-ASD. Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukwesaba okuvamile kwezingane (njengokwesaba izinaliti), kepha ukwesaba okungajwayelekile kungadala ukukhathazeka. Ucwaningo lwango-2013 luthole lokho U-41% wezingane ezine-autism unokwesaba okungavamile . Okunye ukwesaba okungajwayelekile okubikwa ngabazali bezingane ezine-autism kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhlanza, izindlu zangasese namakheshi.

Ngakho-ke, ingane ene-autism ingesaba imiphumela emibi yomuthi noma imiphumela emibi yomuthi ingahlotshaniswa nenye inhlamvu. Ukwesaba ithoyilethi kungezinye zezinto ezijwayeleke ukwesaba, ngakho-ke umuthi onemiphumela emibi yokugaya ukudla ungalukhuphula lolovalo.

Ungayifundisa kanjani ingane ene-autism ukuthi iphuze umuthi

Isikhathi kufanele kube esifanele ukufundisa noma iyiphi ingane ukuthi iphuze umuthi.

Ikhono lokugwinya iphilisi libaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane ifunde. Imithi eminingi itholakala kuphela kwifomu lephilisi, noma ibiza kancane kakhulu kwifomu lephilisi. Noma ngabe ingane yakho idinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ngemithi, noma imane idinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ukunqoba ukutheleleka, ukukwazi ukugwinya amaphilisi kuzothuthukisa ukubikezela kanye nempilo yonke.

Ngokusho kwepilisi lokuvikela.org , insizakalo yeNorthwell Health yaseNew York: Uma ingane yakho ingalandela imiyalo futhi ikwazi ukuphatha ukugwinya 'ukudla okunamafutha,' okubhaliwe (isib. noma abangele ukukhwehlela / ukuminyana, kufanele akulungele ukufunda ukugwinya kwamaphilisi.

Cishe eminyakeni yobudala engu-6 noma engu-7, izingane eziningi zinamakhono emoto, isikhathi sokunaka, kanye nekhono lokulandela imiyalo edingekayo ukuze zigwinye ngempumelelo amaphilisi. Ezinganeni ezine-autism, lawa makhono angathatha isikhathi eside ukuthuthuka. Ungahle ufune ukubuza uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho ikulungele noma cha.

Uma usuthathe isinqumo sokufundisa ingane yakho ukuphuza amaphilisi, nanka amanye amasu owasebenzisayo.

Ukwakhiwa noma ukwethulwa kancane kancane

Iphilisi elijwayelekile eligwinya inqubo yokufundisa esetshenziselwa zonke izingane libizwa ngokuthi ukwakhiwa, noma ukwethulwa kancane kancane kokuziphatha okusha ngezinyathelo ezincane.

Ukubumba igama elisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kokuguqulwa kokuziphatha. Umqondo oyisisekelo: Uthola isingeniso esilula kakhulu somsebenzi onzima, bese ukhulisa ubunzima njengoba umuntu ephumelele. Ukuphothulwa ngempumelelo komsebenzi ngamunye kuvuzwa ngokuqiniswa okuhle.

Ngokugwinya kwamaphilisi, inqubo ilula. Uqala ngokunikeza ingane amanzi ukuze ijwayeze ukugwinya ngomyalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uqala ukwethula amaphilisi amancane amaswidi ukuze uwagwinye njengokuhlobisa kwekhekhe. Khulisa usayizi wamaphilisi ingane ize ibe ngungoti wokugwinya iphilisi. Lokhu ishadi lokwakha uswidi ikhombisa izinhlobo zamaphilisi ongazisebenzisa.

Ngomuthi owuketshezi, ungaqala ngokwethula amanani amancane ketshezi ingane yakho eseyazi njengamanzi noma ijusi. Uma usufinyelele esilinganisweni esidingekayo, hlanganisa noma ushintshele kumuthi obekiwe.

Isikhuthazi siyaphela

I-Stimulus fading iyithuluzi lokuguqulwa kokuziphatha nelokufundisa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Isibonelo, ama-flashcards aphelayo wokuvuselela angasetshenziswa ukufundisa amagama. I-flash card yokuqala ingakhombisa isithombe sekati, kanye negama elithi ikati. Kumafleshikhadi alandelayo, isithombe sekati sasingafiphala kancane size sihambe ngokuphelele bese kusala igama kuphela.

Le ndlela iphinde yasetshenziswa esimweni se- ingane eneminyaka emithathu ene-autism enqabile ukuthatha umuthi ketshezi . Umfana ubememeza noma abaleke lapho ethulwa umuthi oketshezi, futhi enqaba ukuphuza ubisi noma ujusi nomuthi oxutshwe.

Ekuqaleni, odokotela bavele bamnikeza umfana ngesirinji engenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho bamcela ukuthi avule umlomo wakhe ngesirinji engenalutho. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zazibandakanya ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi komfana nesirinji engenalutho kuze kube yilapho isipetu singaphansi kwe-intshi emlonyeni wakhe. Okulandelayo, umfana kwakudingeka ukuthi afake amanzi ngamanani akhulayo, bese kuthi, lapho sekuphothuliwe, umfana anikezwe umuthi oketshezi we-placebo. Isinyathelo sokugcina bekuwukuba umtholampilo aphume egumbini ngenkathi umama womfana ethatha inqubo.

Le ndlela idinga ukuzinikezela kepha ingaphumelela. Ekupheleni kwenqubo yokuphela kwesikhuthazi, odokotela babika ukuthi umfana wayevame ukumamatheka futhi acele umuthi phakathi nezikhathi zokwelashwa eziyishumi nambili noma ezedlule.

Ukuqiniswa okuhle

Ochwepheshe babika ukuthi ukumane ube nombono oqondile kungasiza izingane ukuthi zithathe umuthi ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukumelana nakho. Kepha ukuqiniswa okuhle ngesimo semivuzo nakho kungasiza.

Ukuqiniswa okuhle kungahlanganiswa namanye amasu. Endabeni yokwelashwa okuvusayo okushukumisayo ngenhla, ukuqiniswa okuhle bekuyinto esemqoka yohlelo. Lapho umfana eqeda ngempumelelo isinyathelo, udokotela wamnika ucezu olulodwa noma ezimbili zoswidi noma imizuzwana engama-30 yokuthola ithoyizi.

Ukumodela

Ukumodela kukhombisa ingane ukuthi isenzo ofuna ukuthi sisithathe silula futhi asinabungozi. Lapho ingane ibona umzali egcwalisa ngempumelelo isenzo sephilisi sokugwinya noma sokuthatha umuthi oketshezi kusuka kusirinji, angazizwa engakhathazeki kangako ngokwenza ngokwabo.

Ukwenza amamodeli kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yezingane ezine-autism ezingase zithwale kanzima ukuqonda imiyalo ekhulunyiwe. Ukubona umuntu enza umsebenzi othile, bese enikezwa ithuba lokulingisa lowo msebenzi, kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokufunda.

Gcina izinto ezifana namaphilisi noma ama-placebos esandleni ukuze ulingise indlela efanele yokwelashwa ethatha ukuziphatha kwengane yakho ene-autism.

Izinyathelo ezikhethekile ngemithi ewuketshezi

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla ukwethula umuthi oketshezi enganeni ene-autism, ungahle ukwazi ukwengeza izithasiselo ukwenza umuthi uzwakale kangcono.

Buza usokhemisi wakho ukuthi kulungile yini ukuxuba umuthi ketshezi namanzi, ujusi, noma olunye uketshezi oluzofihla ukunambitheka komuthi. Usokhemisi wakho uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphuzo ezithile noma ukudla akuhlangani nemithi. Kufanele futhi usebenzise inani elincane loketshezi olungeziwe, ngoba udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi ingane ifaka umuthi owanele.

Uma ingane yakho yenqaba umuthi owuketshezi, ungabuza udokotela wezokwelapha ukuthi ngabe umuthi ofanayo uyatholakala yini kwifomu lethebulethi elingabhekwa.

Izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezinamaphilisi

Ngokufanelekile, amasu angenhla azovumela ingane yakho ukuthi ibe nguchwepheshe wokugwinya iphilisi. Uma kungenjalo, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongazama ngazo.

Enye yazo ukuthi ingane igwinye uketshezi oluthandayo kanye nephilisi. IPillSwallowing.org incoma lezi zindlela ezintathu.

• Indlela ye-gulp emibili: Beka iphilisi olimini. Thatha i-gulp eyodwa yetshezi bese uyigwinya ngaphandle kokugwinya iphilisi. Bese, thatha i-gulp yesibili ketshezi ngaso leso sikhathi, ugwinye iphilisi namanzi ndawonye.
• Inqubo yotshani: Beka iphilisi emuva kakhulu olimini. Yibe usuphuza ingane yakho ngotshwala ngotshani, ngokushesha. Uma ingane igxile ekugwinyeni uketshezi oluthandayo, kunokuba icabange ngephilisi, kungenzeka ukuthi iphilisi lehle emphinjeni. [Ividiyo Yamasu Otshani]
• Pop ibhodlela indlela: Beka iphilisi nomaphi emlonyeni. Cela ingane ukuthi ivale izindebe zayo nomlomo wayo ngebhodlela lesiphuzo esivulekile, futhi igcine ukuxhumana phakathi kwebhodlela nezindebe ngenkathi ithatha isiphuzo esikhulu sesiphuzo. Lokhu kufanele kuvumele ingane ukuthi igwinye kalula kokubili uketshezi kanye nephilisi. [I-Pop Bottle Method Video]

Enye inqubo ukusebenzisa ukudla njengendlela yokufihla iphilisi. Ezinye izingane ezikuthola kunzima ukugwinya amaphilisi azinankinga yokuzigwinya njengengxenye yesipuni se-yogurt, i-appleauce, noma ibhotela lamantongomane.

Ukubhekana nokwesaba izinaliti

Ukwesaba ngokweqile izinaliti kuhlotshaniswa ne-autism ezinganeni. Ukwehluleka kwengane ukuthathwa igazi noma ukuthola imijovo, kwezinye izimo, kungasongela impilo. Ngakho-ke izingane ezinokwesaba kakhulu izinaliti kwesinye isikhathi kufanele zihlaliswe phansi noma zivinjelwe.

Isixazululo esingcono ukusebenzela ukunqoba ukwesaba izinaliti.

Endabeni yomfana odinga ukuqapha igazi njalo ngesifo sikashukela, kwasetshenziswa indlela yokuvuselela umfutho . Inaliti ibibekwe ngokuya isondela eduze komunwe womfana esikhathini sokuqeqeshwa waze wakwazi ukuqedela ngempumelelo ukudonsa kwegazi.

Enye indlela, esetshenziswe ngokubambisana ne-stimulus fading, ukuzama ukuqonda ubunjalo bokukhathazeka ngenaliti yengane, noma yini ebangela ukuthi baxege ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokwelashwa.

UKaren Levine, Ph.D., ebhalela i-Autism Spectrum Monthly, uyasikisela izinyathelo ezintathu zokubhekana nokwesaba izinaliti ezinganeni ezine-autism .

• Isinyathelo 1: Thola izingxenye zomcimbi owesabayo umntwana.
• Isinyathelo 2: Nquma futhi usebenzise amasu okuzilawula noma wokuzibandakanya (njengokuvumela ingane ilalele umculo ewuthandayo noma idlale ngamathoyizi).
• Isinyathelo 3: Nquma amasu ongawasebenzisa ukudalula ingane kancane kancane ezingxenyeni ezisuka ku-Isinyathelo 1, bese ubhanqa nezinyathelo zokwehlisa ukukhathazeka ezivela ku-Isinyathelo 2.

Endabeni yomfana oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala one-autism (obenesikhathi eside esaba izinaliti), umndeni wakhe waveza ukuthi izinto eziningi zokuvakashela ihhovisi lezokwelapha zidala ukwesaba ezinganeni zabo. Bakha ihhovisi lezokwelapha elidlalayo neLegos, futhi bavumela umfana ukuthi azinikele ekuziphatheni kwehhovisi lezokwelapha. Ekupheleni kokwelashwa, umfana wakwazi ukuqedela ukudonsa igazi, futhi wayeziqhenya ngaye waze wacela ukuphinda futhi!

Imivuzo yokuthathwa ngokuphumelelayo kwemithi idlula impilo yezempilo

Endabeni yengane eneminyaka eyi-10 enokwesaba ngokweqile izinaliti, ukuba yingxenye yenqubo yokuqeda ukwesaba akuzange kumenze aphephe kuphela, empeleni kwamenza waziqhenya.

Abazali bezingane ezine-autism bangabuka inqubo yokunqoba ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nemithi njengethuba nenselelo. Ukusiza ingane yakho ukunqoba lokhu kwesaba kungathuthukisa isithombe sabo, futhi kuzifundise ukubhekana nezinye izimo ezibangela ukukhathazeka empilweni yazo yansuku zonke.

Nazi ezinye izinsiza zokuqhubeka nokufunda ngesihloko.

PillSwallows.com : Iwebhusayithi Yezemfundo Yokuthuthukisa Amakhono Okugwinya Amaphilisi

Ukusungula Ukuhambisana Nokulawulwa Kwemithi Yotshwala Enganeni ene-Autism , Ijenali Yokuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe

Ukuqiniswa Okukhuthazayo Nokuqina Kokwehlukaniswa Kokwelapha I-Needle Phobia ku-Youth with Autism , Ijenali Yokuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe

Ukwelapha Ukwesaba kanye nePhobias ezinganeni ezine-ASD , I-Autism Spectrum Ngekota