Yini ongayilindela ekuhlolweni kokucindezeleka

Imfundo Yezempilo

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka? | Ungakuthola kanjani ukuhlolwa | Ngubani odinga ukuhlolwa | Imibuzo ongayilindela | Imiphumela yokuhlola | Ukuxilongwa | Ukwelashwa

Lapho ufika ehhovisi likadokotela wakho ukuze ubonane, umuntu owamukela izivakashi ucela ikhophi yekhadi lakho lomshuwalense — bese ekunika uhlu lwemibuzo olufushane, akubuze ukuthi uzizwe kanjani muva nje. Abahlinzeki abaningi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo banolunye uhlobo lwethuluzi lokuhlola ukucindezeleka elisetshenziselwa ukubasiza babone izimpawu zakuqala zesifo sokuguquguquka kwemizwelo okungavumela okunye ukuhlolwa.

Ukuhlonipha uSuku Lukazwelonke Lokuhlola Ukucindezeleka ngo-Okthoba 8, funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesifo sokudangala kungakusiza kanjani ukuthi uhlole isimo nezidingo zakho zempilo yengqondo. Kungaba yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqonda imizwa yakho nokwenza ngcono impilo yakho.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka?

Ithuluzi lokuhlola ukucindezeleka yilokho okuzwakala sengathi: isilinganiso sokuhlola. Yenzelwe ukuhlola izimpawu zokucindezeleka. Kungabhekiswa kukho ngokuhlanganyela njengokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, kepha akusikho ukuhlolwa kweqiniso njengokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi okulinganisa amazinga ngqo ento ethile. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi kuyithuluzi elisebenzisa izimpendulo ezizimele ukunika umhlinzeki ukuqonda ngempilo yakho yengqondo.

Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi kuhloswe ukukhomba izimpawu ezingabeka umuntu engcupheni yokuba nengcindezi, kuchaza uCrystal Clark, MD, ongusolwazi ohlangene wezifo zengqondo kanye nokuziphatha kwesayensi kanye nezokubelethisa kanye nezifo zabesifazane eNorthwestern Feinberg School of Medicine.

Ithuluzi lokuhlola elisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Kuluhlu lwemibuzo ekucela ukuthi ucabange ngezinto ezifana nesifiso sakho namandla akho. Ugcwalisa lolu hla lwemibuzo ukuze wena nodokotela wakho ninqume ukuthi ngabe uhlangabezana kaningi nezimpawu ezithile ezivamile zokucindezeleka ezifana nokudabuka okuqhubekayo nokungabi nentshisekelo kwimisebenzi oyithandayo.

Amafulegi wokuhlola izimpawu eziningi ongahle ube nazo. Kuyinkomba engakusiza unqume uma sekuyisikhathi sokubona uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo. Ngokuya ngokuthola kwakho amaphuzu, uzokwazi uma udinga ukuqhubekela phambili noma cha, kusho uLindsay Israel, MD, udokotela wezifo zengqondo kanye nesikhulu sezokwelapha sase Impumelelo TMS .

Ngiluthola kanjani ithuluzi lokuhlola ukucindezeleka?

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko angakunika ikhophi ukuze uyigcwalise egumbini lokulinda. Noma ungathola uhlu lwemibuzo okufanele uligcwalise lapho ulinde ukubona uchwepheshe.

Ungaya naku-inthanethi ukuqedela ukuzihlola. Izinhlangano ezinjenge- I-United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) kanye ne- I-Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) inikela ngamathuluzi wokuhlola ukucindezeleka njenge-PHQ-9 kumawebhusayithi abo. Kodwa-ke, akukho kulokhu kuzihlola okuyizinto ezingathatha isikhundla sokuhlolwa okusemthethweni nguchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka?

I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force incoma ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokucindezeleka kubantu abadala, kubandakanya nabesifazane abakhulelwe nababeletha, kanye nezinqubo zokulandelwa.

Kungani? Ukudangala kuyisimo sempilo esivamile kakhulu — leso esithinte kakhulu kune- Abantu abadala abayizigidi eziyi-17 e-U.S. ngo-2017. Eqinisweni, ngokweNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), ngaphezu kuka-7% wabantu abadala base-U.S. bake bahlangabezana okungenani nesiqephu esisodwa sokucindezeleka.

Njengoba abantu abaningi bethintekile, cishe noma ngubani angazuza ngokwenza ukuhlolwa, ngokusho kukaDkt Clark. Nginomuzwa wokuthi wonke umuntu kufanele ahlale phansi ayenze, kepha nakanjani noma ngubani ozizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle, kuchaza uDkt Clark.

Ungahle wazi ukuthi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezithile zokudangala. Kodwa, ungahle ungakwazi — noma ungahle ungaboni ukuthi imizwa yakho iyizimpawu zokucindezeleka. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kungathatha izimpawu okungenzeka ukuthi uziphuthele.

Kodwa uma usanda kutholakala unesimo esifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma umdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kungaba umqondo omuhle kakhulu. Ukudana komoya nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimo zezempilo noma ama-comorbidities ezokwelapha.

Eqinisweni, ukucindezeleka kubhekwa njengengozi yezimo ezithile ezifana nesifo senhliziyo. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi abaningi abanjengo 40% labantu abahlangabezane nomcimbi obucayi wenhliziyo bahlangabezana nemibandela ye ukucindezeleka okukhulu (MDD). I-American Cancer Society nayo ilinganisela ukuthi 1 kokungu-4 abantu abanomdlavuza nabo bahlushwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu.

Futhi ngeshwa, ukudangala kungenza isimo esibi sibe sibi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abanesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi abanenkinga yokudangala bavame ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ukucindezeleka kungenza kube nzima kakhulu kubantu abanesifo esibi ukuphatha leso sifo.

Ngemuva kwakho konke, ingqondo nomzimba kuhlangene, kusho uClark. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sicindezeleke ngokweqiniso futhi sinokugula ngokomzimba, mancane amathuba okuthi bathambekele kuleso sifo somzimba kunalokho ebesingakwenza uma bezizwa bengcono, usho kanjalo.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebuzwa ekuhlolweni kokucindezeleka?

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokucindezeleka kuzokucela ukuthi ucabange ukuthi ubuzizwa kanjani emasontweni amabili edlule. I-PHQ-9 izokucela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi uhlangabezane kangaki nokulandelayo:

1. Intshisekelo encane noma injabulo ekwenzeni izinto
2. Ukuzizwa udangele, ucindezelekile, noma ungenathemba
3. Inkinga yokulala, ukuhlala ulele noma ukulala kakhulu
4. Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma unamandla amancane
5. Ukudla okungafanele noma ukudla ngokweqile
6. Ukuzizwa kabi ngawe
7. Inkinga yokugxila
8. Ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma ngokunensa kangangoba abanye abantu bebengabona? Noma okuphambene nalokho — ukuba ngundabamlonyeni noma ukungahlaliseki kangangokuthi ubulokhu uzulazula kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
9. Imicabango yokuthi ungcono ufile noma uzilimaze

Uzokwehla ngohlu bese unikeza imvamisa embuzweni ngamunye. Izinketho zakho yilezi:

• Lutho neze
• Izinsuku eziningana
• Ngaphezu kwengxenye yezinsuku
• Cishe nsuku zonke

Okubalulekile ukwethembeka ngezimpendulo zakho. Uzama ukufunda kabanzi ngempilo yakho yengqondo, futhi lokhu kuyindawo enhle yokungena yokwenza kanjalo.

Akuyona into engenangqondo, njenganoma yini, kepha ngelinye ithuluzi esingalisebenzisa, kuchaza u-Anandhi Narasimhan, MD, ingane, ingane eyeve eshumini nambili kanye nodokotela wezifo zengqondo zabantu abadala emtholampilo wangasese eCalifornia osebenza njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo eMasada Homes eGardena, eCalifornia. .

Kusho ukuthini imiphumela yami yokuhlola ukucindezeleka?

Izimpendulo zakho kufanele zisetshenziswe njengesiqondisi. Ngeke uthole ukuxilongwa kokucindezeleka kusuka ekuhlolweni. Kepha ungathola iseluleko sokuthi uphishekele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okungahle (noma kungenzeki) ekugcineni kuholele ekutholeni ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Uma uthatha uhlu lwemibuzo lokuhlola ehhovisi likadokotela wakho, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angafuna ukuxoxa nawe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngokuya ngemiphumela, bangahle bakudlulisele kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo engxoxweni.

Uma ukhetha ukwenza ukuzihlola ku-inthanethi, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi awukwazi ukuzihlola. Ukuhlolwa okutholakala ku-inthanethi kumane nje kwenzelwe ukusebenza njenge- umhlahlandlela . Isibonelo, i-ADAA incoma ukuthi ulande i-PHQ-9, uqedele inhlolovo, bese uyisa imiphumela kudokotela wakho nixoxe ngayo. Ngeke ikunikeze amaphuzu noma incazelo yesimo sakho. Kodwa izimpendulo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ukuthi ubhekene nani. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaba nengxoxo ngakho.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuxilonga ukucindezeleka kimi?

Awukwazi ukuzihlola ngokusemthethweni ukuthi unokudangala. Udinga uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngalokho, kusho uDkt. Narasimhan.

Ukukuhlola, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzosebenzisa imibandela esencwadini yokuhlola nokuhlola izifo zengqondo ezaziwa njenge Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo, uHlelo Lesihlanu (owaziwa nangokuthi i- I-DSM-5 ). Udinga ukuba okungenani izimpawu ezinhlanu ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzocubungula nokuvama nobude bezimpawu zakho lapho wenza ukuxilongwa.

Udokotela wakho angafuna nokulawula ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingathi kwesinye isikhathi zenze ukuthi izimpawu zokucindezeleka zivele. Ngokusho kwe- I-American Psychiatric Association , isimila ebuchosheni, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini athile, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegilo yegilo kuphakathi kwalezi zimo. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo nakho kungadala izimpawu ezifanayo.

Kepha lokho akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthatha indima ebonakalayo ekufundeni kabanzi ngenhlalakahle yakho engokwengqondo nengokomzwelo.

Ungafunda izimpawu zokucindezeleka futhi uziqaphe ngazo. Yize, khumbula njalo ukuthi abanye abantu abazi ukuthi imizwa ethile empeleni iyizimpawu zokucindezeleka, noma ngabe zenzeka njalo.

Thatha uphawu lokucindezeleka lwakudala lokuthola injabulo enciphile emisebenzini ovame ukuyenza. Lokho, kimi, kungenye yezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu isiguli esingazibona, kusho uDkt Israel. Bazothi, ngangikuthanda ukudlala igalofu. ’Noma‘ ngangikuthanda ukuya ejimini. ’Noma‘ ngangikuthanda ukupheka. ’Futhi manje abasakwenzi lokho. Lokho kimi, ushintsho oluhle olumnyama nomhlophe ongabeka kulo umunwe wakho.

Ungafunda futhi kabanzi ngezici zakho zobungozi. Isibonelo, abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthuthuka kunamadoda. Ucwaningo futhi iphakamisa ukuthi umlando womndeni wezinkinga zokudangala ungakhuphula ubungozi bakho. Kanjalo nokushintsha kwempilo enkulu noma isehlakalo esibuhlungu. Ukudangala kuyinsakavukela kubantu abadala, yize Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuguga kugcizelela ukuthi akuyona ingxenye ejwayelekile yenqubo yokuguga.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Ukuqaphela nokuqonda izici zakho eziyingozi kungakwenza uqaphele kakhulu — futhi lokho kungenza kube lula ngawe ukufuna usizo.

Ngikuthola kanjani ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yami?

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula: Ukudana kwelashwa .

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kokucindezeleka kukuholela ekufuneni uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo ukuze ahlolwe, ungathola ukuxilongwa. Bangu ukuxilongwa okuningi okungenzeka ; ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ukucindezeleka okukhulu (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukucindezeleka komtholampilo) kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengcindezi okuqhubekayo.

Ukwelashwa kwakho okunconyiwe kuzoxhomeka ekuxilongweni kwakho okuthile. Ungase ube ngumuntu olungele ukuthola i-anti-depressant noma eminye imithi. Ungazuza ekwelashweni kwengqondo. Noma ungathola ukuthi inhlanganisela yemithi, amasu wezempilo wokuziphatha, kanye nokwelashwa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukusiza, kanye nezinyathelo ezithile zokuzinakekela.

Futhi njalo kuyenzeka kushintshwe izinto uma zingasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, uma umuthi wokuqala owuzamayo ungasebenzi noma umthamo awulungile, udokotela wakho angahlala eshintsha umthamo noma asikisele ukuthi shintsha izidakamizwa zokulwa nokucindezeleka .

Njengoba kubalulekile ukwethembeka lapho uphendula imibuzo kuhlu lwemibuzo lokuhlola, kubalulekile ukuthi uthembeke kumhlinzeki wakho — nakuwe uqobo — ngalokho obhekene nakho. Umhlinzeki wakho udinga ukwazi ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okulungile kanye nokwelashwa okusebenzayo. Yileyo ndlela kuphela ozokwazi ngayo ukuthola usizo oludingayo.

Ukuyifihla noma ukuyinciphisa ngeke ikuthole usizo oludingayo, kusho uDkt Israel.

Ithuluzi lokuhlola ukudangala akuyona into yesikhathi esisodwa. Isimo sakho singashintsha, futhi ungaqala ukuba nezimpawu zokucindezeleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke ungahlangana nabo ekuvakasheni kwehhovisi likadokotela ngokuzayo, futhi izimpendulo zakho zingahluka.

Ungasebenzisa futhi ithuluzi lokuhlola ukucindezeleka ukukusiza ukuthi uhlole intuthuko yakho ngemuva kokuthola ukuxilongwa nokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokufuna usizo noma ukwelashwa noma ukwesekwa kwengcindezi, vakashela i- Inhlangano kaZwelonke Yezempilo Yengqondo noma ushayele i- Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo ucingo losizo ku-1-800-662-USIZO. Uma wena noma othandekayo nibhekene nemicabango yokuzibulala noma ukuzilimaza, shayela ucingo Inqubo Kazwelonke Yokuvimbela Ukuzibulala ngo-1-800-273-8255 noma vakashela igumbi eliseduze lezimo eziphuthumayo.