Nazi izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zomshuwalense wezempilo kulabo abazisebenzayo
InkampaniUkhiphe iMelika yenkampani futhi wanquma ukuba ngumphathi wakho. Halala! Uyingxenye yebutho elikhulayo labasebenzi abazisebenzayo.
Ngokusho kwe- Isevisi Yemali Engenayo Yangaphakathi , Umuntu osebhizinisini lakhe futhi onika izinkonzo zakhe kwamanye amabhizinisi uthathwa njengomuntu ozisebenzelayo. Ungase futhi uzwe umuntu ozisebenzelayo obizwa ngozimele noma usonkontileka ozimele.
Cishe 9.6 million wabasebenzi e-United States yimibiko ezisebenzelayo i-Bureau of Labor Statistics, i-ejensi kahulumeni elandelela izinto ezinjalo. Futhi izinombolo kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuphuke kuphela, kanti abantu baseMelika abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-103 bazibala njengabazisebenzelayo ngonyaka ka-2026.
Ukuzisebenza kusho ukuthi izinzuzo zenkampani, ezifana nomshuwalense wezempilo, azihlinzekwa ngumqashi. Ukukhetha umthombo ohlukile womshwalense ongahle ube nzima.
Yiziphi izinketho zomshwalense wezempilo ozisebenza kangcono kakhulu?
Izinzuzo nezinzuzo okungenzeka ukuthi uzijabulele ngomsebenzi wenkampani akunikezwanga esivumelwaneni sephakeji lapho uzisebenza. Wena namalungu omndeni wakho kuzodingeka nizondle ukuze nithole umshuwalense wezempilo. Cabanga nge-ukulandela izinketho lapho unquma ukuthi yikuphi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono kakhulu kuwe:
Izinketho zomshwalense wezempilo ezivamile
Imakethe yezwe noma yenhlangano
Ungahle ufaneleke ukubhalisela uhlelo lomshuwalense ngokusebenzisa i- Indawo Yemakethe Yomshwalense Wezempilo (obizwa nangokuthi i-Affordable Care Act noma i-Obamacare) uma ungusonkontileka ozimele, umxhumanisi, i-freelancer, noma olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi ozimele. Kunezigaba eziningana zokutholakala komshuwalense wezempilo ongakhetha kuzo, ezinye zinamapulani aqukethe amaprimiyamu aphansi. Ukubhaliswa okuvulekile kungoNovemba 1 kuya kuDisemba 15; kodwa-ke, ungathola umshuwalense ngaphandle kwalezo zinsuku uma unesimo esikhethekile — ngokwesibonelo, ulahlekelwe ngumsebenzi. Ungavakashela ku-www.healthcare.gov ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinketho zakho ngemakethe yenhlangano.
I-Medicaid
Izigidi zabantu baseMelika zinikezwa ngezindleko eziphansi noma ukumbozwa kwamahhala ngeMedicaid. Ungazisebenza futhi ufanelekele iMedicaid uma indlu yakho iwela ngaphansi kwezinga elithile lemali engenayo (lokho kwehluka ngandlela thile ngombuso, yize uhulumeni wesifundazwe ebeka amazinga amancane), futhi uma uhlangabezana nezinye izindlela zokufaneleka. Asikho isikhathi sokubhalisa esivulekile seMedicaid, ngakho-ke ungafaka isicelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Vakashela umnyango wezenhlalakahle wangakini noma wesifundazwe ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokufakwa ngaphansi kweMedicaid, futhi ubone ukuthi uyafaneleka yini.
Imithi
Uma uneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, ungahle ufanelekele izinzuzo ze-Medicare. Ungase futhi uhlangabezane nemibandela ye-Medicare uma ubuseneminyaka emibili eku-Social Security Disability (SSD), noma uma une-ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) noma une-End State Renal Disease (ESRD).
Uhlelo lomqashi ngelungu lomndeni
Uma oshade naye noma umlingani wakho eqashiwe, hlola ukuthi kungabiza malini ukuthola uhlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo waleyo nkampani. Noma ungashadile ngokomthetho, ungafaneleka. Abanye abaqashi banikela ngalokho okubizwa ngokutholakala kwezempilo ngokubambisana kwasekhaya kulabo ababambisene nabasekhaya. Uma wena nomlingani wakho (kufaka phakathi imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo) nabelana ekhaya futhi nihlala impilo yasekhaya ndawonye, ningahle nifaneleke, inqobo nje uma nobabili ningashadile nomunye umuntu. Kodwa-ke, qaphela ukuthi uma umqashi womlingani wakho ekhokha ingxenye yemali yakho yomshuwalense wezempilo, kungadingeka ukhokhe intela kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkampani zisusa lolu hlobo lokumbozwa. Uzoba nempumelelo enkulu uma umlingani wakho esebenzela inkampani enkulu. Ngokusho kwe- Izinhlelo Zokuhlomula Zabasebenzi Zamazwe Ngamazwe , Izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-75% ezinabasebenzi abayi-10 000 noma ngaphezulu kungenzeka ziqhubeke nokunikeza izinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubantu abalingani bobulili obufanayo nabobulili obuhlukile.
Ngokwengeziwe, uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-26, ungambozwa ngaphansi kohlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo wabazali bakho ngokwe-Affordable Care Act.
Umshuwalense wangasese
Ungakhetha futhi uhlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo ngamunye ngokusebenzisa inkampani yangasese yomshuwalense. Kodwa-ke, ungakhokha amaphrimiyamu aphakeme kakhulu ngenyanga uma ngabe ubenohlelo lweqembu. Umshuwalense onikezwa nge-Affordable Care Act, ngokwesibonelo, uvame ukubiza kakhulu kunomshuwalense wezempilo wangasese, ngenkathi unikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo. Uma unenqubomgomo yomshwalense enokudonswa kwemali ephezulu, cabanga ukuvula ifayela le- i-akhawunti yokonga impilo (HSA), lapho ungafaka khona imali, ngaphandle kwentela, ukuze isetshenziselwe izindleko zezokwelapha.
Izinhlelo zezempilo zenhlangano
Uma ungumuntu ozisebenzelayo futhi onesibalo esincane sabasebenzi, bheka ku uhlelo lwezempilo lenhlangano . Ezinye izinhlangano (ezifana neThe Writers Guild of America West kanye neFreelancers Union) zinikeza amalungu izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngamanani eqembu. Izinhlangano zifumana lezi zilinganiso zamaqembu ezingabizi kakhulu ngoba zihlangana nabanye ekuhwebeni noma embonini efanayo ukwakha amaqembu amakhulu. Kepha kukhona ukwehla. Ezinye izinhlangano zidinga ukuthi ubonise amafomu entela namanye amaphepha ukufakazela ukuthi uhola inani elithile (abalinqumayo) njengesisebenzi esizimele. Kungadingeka nokuthi ukhokhe imali ekhokhelwa ubulungu. Ezinye izinhlelo zezinhlangano zezempilo zingahle zinganikeli ngokuhlanganisa okuphelele njengezinye izinhlelo, futhi kube khona ukukhathazeka ngokuxazululwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zezempilo zenhlangano, kubashiya bengakwazi ukukhokha izimangalo zamalungu abo. Ku-2018, abaphathi bakaTrump bethule izinyathelo ezivumela abantu abaningi ukufinyelela kuma-AHP (ngokwesibonelo, labo abazisebenzayo futhi abangenabo abasebenzi), kepha izinguquko wadutshulwa enkantolo futhi bayadluliselwa. Khuluma nomthengisi womshuwalense noma uhlole i- UMnyango Wezabasebenzi iwebhusayithi ukuthola imininingwane yakamuva.
Izinhlelo zokwabelana ngempilo
Izinhlelo zokwabelana ngezempilo akuyona imishwalense yezempilo. Esikhundleni salokho, yizinhlelo ezabelana ngezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo phakathi kwamalungu eqembu lokwabelana ngezempilo. Ukhokha imali ekhokhelwayo (ngokususelwa kupulani oyikhethayo) efakwe esikhwameni somphakathi. Uma udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, isikweletu sikhokhwa esikhwameni. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi, noma kunjalo, ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zisekelwe okholweni, futhi izinsizakalo ezithile zezokwelapha (njengokulawulwa kokubeletha noma ukukhipha izisu) kungenzeka zingambozwa. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi awenzi umshuwalense wezempilo, lezi zinhlelo zokwabelana azihambisani ne-ACA, futhi kungenzeka zingabandakanyi abantu ngezimo ebezikhona. Ezinye izinhlelo zokwabelana ngezempilo nazo zinomkhawulo wemali abangayikhokhela izimangalo zamalungu abo, ezingaba yinkinga kubantu abahlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha.
Izinketho zomshuwalense wezempilo wesikhashana
I-COBRA
Twahlanganisa Umthetho Wokubuyisana Kwebhajethi Ye-Omnibus (COBRA) ikuqinisekisa ngelungelo lokuhlala okwesikhashana ngaphansi kohlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo womqashi wangaphambili ngemuva kokushiya umsebenzi wakho. Ungahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngokuhlukahluka. Isibonelo, uma unqanyulwa emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu ezingezona ezokuziphatha okubi kakhulu, ungahlala ezinyangeni eziyi-18; kweminye imicimbi efanelekayo, ungahlala ezinyangeni ezingama-36. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-U.S., Kunezinye izidingo zokufaneleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize ukumbozwa kufana, kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali ethe xaxa esikhwameni somshuwalense njengoba umqashi wakho engasasekeli noma iyiphi yawo.
Izinhlelo zezempilo zesikhashana
Izinhlelo zezempilo zesikhashana esifushane zizinhlelo zesikhashana, zonyaka wonke, eziphansi / ezikhokhelwa kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezingathi, ngokubona komshuwalense, zivuselelwe kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Kepha bayasilela ezindaweni eziningi. Okokuqala, azibandakanyi izimo ezivele zikhona. Futhi azihlanganisi ukunakekelwa kokubeletha, impilo yengqondo, noma imishanguzo kadokotela. Futhi eziningi zazo azikubhali lokho ongakukhokha ngezindleko ezingaphandle kwesikhwama.
Izinto ezinhlanu okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umshwalense wezempilo ozisebenzayo
Ngezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo, cabanga ngokulandelayo lapho unciphisa ukukhetha kwakho:
1. Sebenzisa umthengisi noma umenzeli
Kuvamise ukuthi kube namanqanaba amaningi uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo. Isibonelo, kungahle kube nePlathinamu, iSiliva, noma iBronze — konke lokhu kunikeza ukumbozwa okuhlukile ngezindleko ezahlukahlukene. Umthengisi noma umenzeli angakusiza ukuthi uhlele kuzo zonke izinketho kanye ne-jargon futhi uthole uhlelo olulungele wena.
Zonke izifundazwe zinohlelo lwe-State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP), olunganikeza ngosizo olungachemile ukuthola uhlelo oluhambisana nezidingo zakho. Ungathola futhi usizo olungachemile ekutholeni uhlelo ngokushayela ucingo lwasendaweni yeMarketplace, noma u-1-800-Medicare (uma ufanelekile nge-Medicare).
2. Bheka kuxhaso
Ngokuya kubakaki bakho abahola, ungafaneleka ukuthola umshuwalense wezempilo ngemali encishisiwe noma engekho (i-Medicaid). Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imixhaso oyifanelekela ngenkathi uthola uhlelo oluhle kakhulu kuwe.
3. Bala iholo lakho kahle
Uma uthenga umshwalense ngeMakethe Yezempilo, amaphrimiyamu akho asuselwa kumholo wakho walonyaka okhona. Lokho kusho ukuthi, njenge-freelancer, kufanele uzame ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuthi uzobe wenza malini ngekota ezine zonyaka. Lokho kungaba yinkohliso, ngakho-ke zinike isikhathi sokucabanga ukuthi ubusebenza kanjani esikhathini esedlule, zibuze ukuthi ukulinganisa kwakho kungokoqobo yini, bese ucabanga ukuthi kwenzekani embonini yakho okungaba nomthelela kumholo wakho. Uma wenza imali eningi kunalokho obukucabanga, kungadingeka ukhokhe imali oyitholile ngamakhredithi wentela. Uma ulinganisela ukuthi kuncane kakhulu, kungenzeka ulahlekelwe yimali oyongile.
4. Cabanga ngentengo yamapulani
Ukwephula ibhange ngohlelo lomshwalense wezempilo njengomuntu ozisebenzelayo ngokusobala akulungile. Kepha ungahle ungafuni ukuhlala kunketho eshibhile, noma. Ukuzisebenza nokwenza ibhizinisi lakho kuyacindezela ngokwanele. Awudingi ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe kokuthi kuzokwenzekani kuwe noma kumalungu omndeni wakho uma kuvela inkinga yezempilo — nezindleko ezandayo zezokwelapha ezihambisana nakho — kuphakama.
Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ukwazi ukuthi okuphansi kohlelo lokudonswa kwemali, i-premium izoba phezulu inyanga ngayinye. Ukuhlunga ukuthi ngabe uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluphansi / oluphakeme (noma okuphambene nalokho) lulungile yini kuwe, cabanga ngeminyaka yakho, impilo yakho yonke, ukuthi uvakashela kangaki odokotela, nokuthi ngabe unezimo zempilo esezivele zikhona yini.
5. Yazi ukuthi ungafaka bani
Abahlinzeki bomshuwalense bavame ukukhokhisa ngaphezulu ngezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibandakanya okungaphezu komuntu oyedwa. Uma unomlingani noma umlingani wasekhaya osebenzayo, kuyasiza ukuthola izindleko zokuthola uhlelo lwabo ngaphambi kokubhalisela okusha.
Kungani ungafuni ukuqinisekiswa
Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zomshuwalense wangasese nezinye izinketho, kungaba isilingo sokuhamba ngaphandle. Kepha ukukhetha ukungavikelekile kungaholela emiphumeleni embalwa engemihle.
Izinhlawulo zentela
Ngenkathi uhulumeni wesifundazwe engasakhokhisi inhlawulo uma ukwazi ukukhokhela ukumbozwa kwezempilo kepha ukhetha ukungayithengi, lokho akusho ukuthi izwe lakho lizokuvumela ukuthi ungabi namabala. Kuze kube manje, iMassachusetts, New Jersey, neVermont bakhokhisa izinhlawulo kubahlali abadela umshwalense wezempilo, kanti izifundazwe eziningi zicabanga ukulandela le ndlela.
Izinzuzo zentela
I-IRS ikuvumela ukuthi uthathe ifayela le- ukukhishwa komshwalense wezempilo ozisebenzelayo uma wenze inzuzo ngalowo nyaka. Lokhu kungukulungiswa kwemali engenayo (hhayi ukuncishiselwa intela eyenziwe ngamanani) yamaphrimiyamu owakhokhele kumshwalense wezempilo wokutholakala kwezokwelapha kanye nomshuwalense wokunakekelwa wesikhathi eside wena, oshade naye kanye nabantu obondlayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukudonsa inani lezindleko zakho zokwelashwa (ezintweni ezinjengokuvakasha kodokotela, imali yesibhedlela, kanye nezibuko zamehlo ezibhalwe kadokotela) ezidlula u-7.5% wemali yakho engenayo eshisiwe.
Izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni
Labo abanomshwalense bavamise ukuba nesigqoko emalini abazoyikhokha ephaketheni. Abantu abangenawo umshwalense abanamkhawulo onjalo. Abantu abangaqinisekisiwe bangabhekana nesikweletu samashumi noma amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi uma behlushwa okuthile okufana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ingozi esongela impilo. Ukungabi nomshwalense kungabiza, kusheshe.
Izobiza malini umshuwalense wezempilo uma uzisebenza?
Ngokuhlukahluka okuningi okufana nobudala bakho, lapho uhlala khona, lapho uthola khona umshuwalense nokuthi yiluphi uhlelo olukhethile, lowo ngumbuzo cishe ongaphendulwa. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwango-2019 ngezinzuzo zezempilo zabaqashi olwenziwa yi IKaiser Family Foundation , imali ekhokhelwa abantu abangabodwa ababhalise kumshuwalense wezempilo wenkampani yabo yaqala ngo- $ 7,188 ngonyaka, kanti isisebenzi sikhokha u-18% walowo – noma cishe u- $ 400 ngenyanga. Futhi uhlelo oluxhaswe yinkampani oluxhaswe ngokwengxenye. Njengosonkontileka ozimele (ngaphandle kokuthi ufanelekela uxhaso lukahulumeni noma iMedicare), ungalindela ukukhokha okungenani okungako, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Izinzuzo zentela ezishiwo ngenhla zingasiza ukukhokha izindleko. Futhi kanjalo ne-SingleCare.
I- Ikhadi lokulondoloza le-SingleCare elisebenziseka mahhala ingakusindisa kuze kufike ku-80% kwimiyalo kuma-pharmacy angaphezu kwama-35,000 ezweni lonke, kufaka phakathi i-CVS, Target, Walmart, nokuningi. Ngokwesilinganiso, abasebenzisi be-SingleCare bonga isilinganiso esingu- $ 150 ngonyaka kokuyalelwa yibo. Azikho izimali ezikhokhelwayo noma okubhaliselwe nge-SingleCare futhi nalabo abanamapulani kadokotela womshuwalense bangayisebenzisa futhi bonge. Intengo yethu kwesinye isikhathi izokunikeza inani eliphansi kune-co-pay yakho yomshwalense. Sebenzisa singlecare.com ukusesha incwadi kadokotela bese uthola ikhemisi eliseduze nawe elinemithi yakho ngentengo ephansi.
Ngezansi: Ungazibeki engcupheni yokungabi nomshuwalense wezempilo — ungagcina usebenzisa imali ethe xaxa uma uhlala unganakekelwa. Izinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo zabantu abazisebenzelayo zingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi nemali oyitholayo. Zinike isikhathi sokwenza umsebenzi wakho wesikole futhi ucabangele izindlela eziningi ongazigcina ekusetshenzisweni.
