Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-HSA, i-FSA, ne-HRA?

Inkampani Buza i-SingleCare

Umshuwalense awuhlanganisi yonke into. Yilapho izinhlelo zokonga ze-HSA, i-FSA, ne-HRA zingena khona-ziyindlela yokubeka eceleni imali yezindleko zezempilo owaziyo ukuthi ziyeza, ezingangeni ngaphansi kwesambulela sakho senzuzo.

Uma usebenza ngokuzimela, noma uthenga umshuwalense wakho, ufanelekile kuphela ku-HSA. Uma uthola umshuwalense kumqashi wakho, ungahle futhi ukwazi ukufinyelela eyodwa-noma zonke lezi zinhlobo zama-akhawunti. Futhi mhlawumbe uyazibuza ukuthi kufanele (futhi kungani) kufanele ukhethe eyodwa kunenye.

Esobho lezinhlamvu zama-plan savings plan plan acronyms, kulula ukulahla umkhondo. Yini isifinyezo ngasinye ngempela kusho ukuthini? Bahluke kanjani? Yini efanayo? Uma uxuba imithetho, kungagcina kukulahlekisele ngemali. Sebenzisa lo mhlahlandlela ukuze ubahlukanise.

Ngabe i-HSA imele ini?

I-akhawunti yokonga impilo (HSA) iyindlela ekhethekile yokubeka eceleni imali ukumboza izindleko zakho zokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuthi uhlangane nomshuwalense wakho odonselwa imali. Kutholakala kunoma ngubani onecebo lezempilo elidonselwa phezulu (HDHP).

Yini efanelekayo njengezinguquko eziphakeme ezidonswa minyaka yonke. Ku- 2019 , kungama- $ 1,350 noma ngaphezulu komuntu ngamunye, ne- $ 2,700 noma ngaphezulu komndeni. Ngo-2020, lezo zimali zikhuphukela ku- $ 1,400 naku- $ 2,800. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindleko okufanele zikhokhwe zikhishwe ephaketheni ngaphambi kokuba kudonswe imali ekhokhelwa ngaphakathi kwe-HDHP, kusho iTim Church, iFarm.D., Umqondisi wokuqukethwe ku Usokhemisi Wakho Wezezimali . Yize amaprimiyamu ngokuvamile ezoba phansi, uma umuntu engakwazi ukukhokha izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngokunakekelwa okungalindelekile, lokhu kungaholela ezikweletini zezokwelapha noma kuvimbele abaningi ekufuneni ukunakekelwa kwasekuqaleni.

Inhloso ye-HSA ukwenza kube lula ukukhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha (njengokuvakasha okungalindelekile kudokotela noma ukunakekela isimo esingelapheki) ngaphambi kokuthi kudonswe imali yakho futhi umshuwalense wakho uqale ukukhokhela izindleko. I-akhawunti ixhaswe kancane kusuka kumholo ngamunye; Abaqashi bangangeza imali njengengxenye yohlelo lwemihlomulo yezempilo. Ngicabanga ukuthi noma ngubani otholwe enesimo esisodwa noma eziningi ezingalapheki kungenzeka asebenzise ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kaningi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe namathuba amaningi okusebenzisa i-HSA yakhe ukuvakashela, ama-copay kadokotela, kanye / noma izimpahla ezisizayo ezingangahlanganiswa umshuwalense wabo, uthi UJeffrey Bratberg, Pharm.D ., Uprofesa wezokwelapha e-University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy.

Izinzuzo yilezi:

• Noma iyiphi imali oyilondolozayo uyikhokha kuqala intela. Okusho ukuthi, kunciphisa imali yakho engenayo, kanye nenani lentela oyikhokhayo.
• Inzalo yemali eku-akhawunti yakho ayikhokhi intela.
• Ungumnikazi we-akhawunti. Ngakho-ke, uma ushintsha abaqashi ugcina imali yakho, futhi akukho ukuphela kwezimali ekupheleni konyaka. Uma ungasebenzisi yonke imali oyilondolozile, ibhalansi iyeqa. Ungakhipha imali ngezindleko ezingafanele ku-akhawunti, kodwa uzokhokha inhlawulo yentela uze ube neminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65.

Ukwengeza, kulabo abanemali enhle noma enye imali abayongayo ukukhokhela izindleko zokwelashwa ngohlelo oluphezulu oludonselwa lwezempilo (i-HDHP), umuntu angaphatha i-HSA njenge-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi ethanda intela ngemali etshaliwe, kuchaza uDkt Church. Ngezinzuzo zayo zentela eziphindwe kathathu, iminikelo efinyelela kumkhawulo ophakeme izokwehlisa imali engenayo elungisiwe (i-AGI), ikhule ngaphandle kwentela, futhi ukwabiwa kungenziwa kungakhokhiswa intela kuzindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile noma kungakhathalekile ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-65.

Uthola ikhadi lasebhange noma amasheke adonsa kubhalansi yakho ye-HSA ngezindleko ezifanelekile, njengezinsiza zokuzwa noma izimali zebhu zokutholwa kwegazi. Ngincoma ukuthi abantu bawasebenzisele ukukhokhela amakhophi ezidakamizwa kadokotela, imishanguzo ye-OTC, i-sunscreen, ukuvakashela ama-copay, ngisho nezinsizakalo zemithi yokwelashwa uma zimbozwe yi-HSA yabo, kusho uDkt. Ukonga imali ethe xaxa, sebenzisa ikhadi lakho le-SingleCare kwikhawunta yekhemisi, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola intengo engcono kakhulu.

Unganikela kuze kufike ku- $ 3,500 kumuntu oyedwa noma ku- $ 7,000 ngomndeni ngo-2019. Ngo-2020, ama-maximum akhuphukela ku- $ 3,550 naku- $ 7,100 ngokulandelana.

Yini i-FSA emele yona?

I-akhawunti yokonga evumelana nezimo (i-FSA) —okunye ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali okuguquguqukayo — iyindlela yokubekela eceleni amadola angaphambi kwentela ezindlekweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unomshuwalense ngomqashi wakho. Abaqashi can ukufaka isandla ku-FSA yakho, kodwa akudingeki.

Ungagcina kuze kufike ku- $ 2,650 unyaka umqashi ngamunye. Noma yikuphi ukunikela ku-FSA yakho kunciphisa imali yakho engenayo, kanye nenani lentela ozoyikhokha. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa imali ku-FSA yakho: ukusebenzisa ikhadi lasebhange ukukhokha njengoba uchitha, noma ngokuhambisa amarisidi (namanye amadokhumende asekelayo) ukuze ubuyiselwe imali.

Imali egcinwe ku-FSA ingakhokhela izindleko ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa nezinsiza-kanti abanye abaqashi banikeza ukunakekelwa okuxhomeke kuma-FSAs ukonga izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezingane. Vele uqaphele, ngoba ama-FSA anemikhawulo ethile:

• Kufanele umemezele ukuthi unikela ngamalini isikhathi ngasinye sokukhokha, futhi imvamisa awukwazi ukusishintsha kuze kube isikhathi sokubhalisa esivulekile.
• Umqashi wakho ungumnikazi we-akhawunti. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ushintsha abaqashi, ulahlekelwa yimali.
• Ama-FSA amaningi adinga ukuthi usebenzise imali ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Uma ungasebenzisi ibhalansi, ama-FSAs awaqhubeki ngezimali ezingasetshenziswanga. Ulahlekelwa yimali.

Uma unesimo sempilo esingapheli owaziyo ukuthi sizobiza inani elithile unyaka wonke, kungaba yindlela enhle yokwehlisa izikweletu zentela. Noma, ezimweni ezithile uma ushaya umkhawulo wokunikela we-HSA, ungaba ne-FSA, futhi. Kodwa, uma umncane futhi unempilo enokuthambekela kokukhohlwa ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo, i-FSA kungenzeka ingabi yisinqumo esifanele.

I-HSA ne-FSA

Ama-HSAs nama-FSAs anokufana okuningi. Unikela ngemali ye-pretax — eyehlisa imali yakho yonke ngenhloso yentela — bese uyisebenzisela ukukhokhela izindleko zokwelashwa uhlelo lwakho lomshuwalense olungafaki. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-HSA ne-FSA? Nazi ezinye ezibalulekile.

Ama-HSA

• Ama-HSA enzelwe abantu abanezinhlelo zezempilo ezikhokhelwa kakhulu.
• Umkhawulo wokunikela ngu- $ 3,500 womuntu ngamunye, $ 7,000 womndeni.
• Ungashintsha ukuthi unikela malini unyaka wonke.
• Izimali ze-HSA ziqhubekela phambili unyaka nonyaka.
• Ama-HSA ayatholakala kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo nabasebenza njalo.
• Umuntu ungumnikazi we-akhawunti ye-HSA.
• I-akhawunti ithola inzalo, futhi ayikhokhi intela.
• I-akhawunti ingeyakho noma ungashintsha imisebenzi.

Ama-FSA

• Ama-FSA atholakala ngabaqashi, ngohlelo lwezempilo noma ngaphandle kwalo.
• Umkhawulo wokunikela ngu- $ 2,650.
• Ungashintsha kuphela inani lomnikelo wakho ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa okuvulekile.
• Ama-FSA ayayisebenzisa-noma-noma ayilahle, okusho ukuthi, imali esele isuke ihambile ekupheleni konyaka.
• Ama-FSA awatholakali kubantu abazisebenzayo.
• Umqashi ungumnikazi we-akhawunti ye-FSA.
• I-akhawunti ayizuzi nzalo.
• Ulahlekelwa yi-akhawunti uma ushintsha imisebenzi.

Iyini i-HRA?

I-akhawunti yokubuyiselwa kwemali yezempilo ( UMDLALO ) —Okunye okubizwa ngokuthi ilungiselelo lembuyiselo yezempilo — kuyindlela umqashi wakho akhokhela ngayo izindleko zakho zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezingaphandle kwesikhwama nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwecebo lomshuwalense. Awukwazi ukwengeza imali kuso, umqashi wakho kuphela ongakwazi. Umqashi wakho unquma ukuthi uzobeka malini kuhlelo, futhi noma yiziphi izimali zitholakala ekuqaleni konyaka.

Ungasebenzisa izimali ze-HRA ngokukhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha ngekhadi lasebhange le-HRA noma ngokuthumela izindleko zokubuyiselwa. Ama-akhawunti we-HRA asebenza nama-akhawunti we-FSA ne-HSA. Ngokuvamile izindleko zikhokhwa ku-FSA noma ku-HSA kuqala, bese izimali ezivela ku-HRA zisetshenziselwa umehluko.

Ngokuya ngokuthi uhlelo luhlelwe kanjani, imali ingahle iqhubeke unyaka nonyaka.

I-HRA vs HSA

Umgomo we-HRA ne-HSA uyefana: ukubeka eceleni imali yokukhokhela izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezingakhokhelwa umshwalense. Yilapho ukufana kuphela khona. Umehluko phakathi kwe-HRA ne-HSA? Funda uhlu olungezansi.

Ama-HRA

• Ama-HRA anganikezwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lohlelo lomshuwalense.
• Akukho mkhawulo omncane noma omkhulu wokunikela. Kepha, umqashi kufanele anikeze izinzuzo ezifanayo ze-HRA kubo bonke abasebenzi besigaba esifanayo.
• Abaqashi kuphela abangafaka isandla kuma-HRA.
• Izimali ze-HRA zivame ukubuyela kumqashi ekupheleni konyaka. Abanye abaqashi bangavumela ingxenye ethile yezimali ukuthi iqhubeke.
• Ama-HRA awatholakali kubantu abazisebenzelayo.
• Umqashi ungumnikazi we-akhawunti ye-HRA.
• I-akhawunti ayizuzi nzalo.
• Ulahlekelwa yi-akhawunti uma ushintsha imisebenzi.

Ama-HSA

• Ama-HSA enzelwe abantu abanezinhlelo zezempilo ezikhokhelwa kakhulu.
• Umkhawulo wokunikela ngu- $ 3,500 womuntu ngamunye, $ 7,000 womndeni.
• Noma ngubani anganikela kuma-HSA: abantu, abaqashi, noma amalungu omndeni.
• Izimali ze-HSA ziqhubekela phambili unyaka nonyaka.
• Ama-HSA ayatholakala kubasebenzi abazisebenzelayo nabasebenza njalo.
• Umuntu ungumnikazi we-akhawunti ye-HSA.
• I-akhawunti ithola inzalo, futhi ayikhokhi intela.
• I-akhawunti ingeyakho noma ungashintsha imisebenzi.

I-HRA vs HSA vs. FSA ukuqhathanisa

Ngabe awunaso isiqiniseko sokuthi uwahlukanisa kanjani ama-akhawunti? Bheka etafuleni elingezansi, ukuthola umehluko wabo omkhulu.

	I-HSA	UMDLALO	I-FSA
Ungumnikazi we-akhawunti.	+	✘	✘
Umqashi wakho ungumnikazi we-akhawunti.	✘	+	+
Uma ushiya umqashi wakho, ungayigcina imali.	+	✘	✘
Ufaka imali.	+	✘	+
Umqashi wakho kuphela ofaka imali.	✘	+	✘
Kunemikhawulo yokuthi unganikela malini ngonyaka.	+	✘	+
Kufanele ube nohlelo lomshuwalense oludonswa kakhulu.	+	✘	✘
Imali engasetshenziswanga ihlale iqhubeka unyaka nonyaka.	+	✘	✘