Ucabanga nge-HSA? Funda ubuhle nobubi be-akhawunti yokonga impilo
InkampaniAma-akhawunti wokonga impilo bezikhona kusukela ngo-2003, ngakho-ke aziwona umqondo omusha. Kepha njengoba inqubomgomo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ishintshe kakhulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule, bathola ukunakekelwa okuvuselelwe. Abanye abantu abathembele kumshuwalense wezempilo wendabuko ukukhokha izikweletu zabo zezokwelapha kungenzeka ukuthi bacabanga ngokungeza i-HSA kule nhlanganisela. Kepha iyini i-akhawunti yokonga impilo, futhi isebenza kanjani?
Umqondo we-HSA ulula kakhulu: Inhloso yabo ukuvumela abantu abanezimali ezikhokhelwa kakhulu zomshuwalense ukuthi babekele eceleni ama-dollar angaphambi kwentela ukukhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, noma imuphi umuntu omdala one- uhlelo lwezempilo oludonswa kakhulu (I-HDHP) - futhi ayikho enye imishwalense yezempilo — engavula i-HSA.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe i-akhawunti yokonga impilo ikulungele? Ake sihlole izinzuzo nezingozi ze-HSA.
Ziyini izinzuzo ze-akhawunti yokonga ezempilo?
Kunezinzuzo eziningi ku-akhawunti yokonga impilo, kuya ngeholo lakho noma izidingo zezokwelapha. Nazi izinzuzo ezi-5 ku-HSA.
1. I-HSA inikeza ukonga intela
Kubantu abalindele izindleko ezinkulu zezokwelapha ngonyaka ozayo, uhlelo lwe-HSA lungonga izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngokulondolozwa kwentela kathathu, kusho uGary Franke, umthengisi womshwalense kanye nochwepheshe we-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo Zuza i-Alpha Insurance, LLC eBellevue, eWashington.
Ukonga kathathu kwentela kwehla ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Okokuqala, ngeke kudingeke ukhokhe intela emalini oyifaka ku-HSA yakho.
- Okwesibili, ngeke kudingeke ukhokhe intela emalini oyikhipha ku-HSA yakho ukukhokhela izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezifanelekayo. (Yize abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 kuzodingeka bakhokhe inhlawulo nganoma yiziphi izimali ze-HSA ezisetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izindleko ezingafanelekile, ngakho-ke qaphela!)
- Okwesithathu, ungathola inzalo engenayo intela kwimali oyigcina ku-akhawunti yakho ye-HSA. Futhi unezinketho zokutshala imali kwi-akhawunti yakho.
Manje sengine-akhawunti ye-HSA, kusho uFranke. Kungilondolozele u- $ 1,500 kusikweletu sami sentela ngo-2019.
2. I-HSA ingakhokhela ezinye izindleko umshwalense wakho ongazenzi
Izindleko ze-HSA zingabandakanya izindleko eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lomshuwalense lungakwazi ukumboza, njenge-orthodontia nezibuko zamehlo. Kunamakhulu ezindleko zezempilo ezifanele ukukhokhelwa yi-HSA, kusho uVikram Tarugu, MD, udokotela wamazinyo kanye ne-CEO ye I-Detox yaseNingizimu Florida . Izibonelo zifaka ukwelashwa kwe-chiropractic noma kwamazinyo, izinsizakalo zokuzala, izihlalo ezinamasondo, nemithi kadokotela.
3. I-HSA ivumela iminikelo evela kwabanye
Abanye abantu kungenzeka bangakwazi lokhu, kepha ungavumela abanye ukuthi banikele kwi-HSA yakho, kuchaza uDkt Tarugu.
Ngokusho kwe-IRS, ungamukela iminikelo ye-HSA evela kunoma yimuphi omunye umuntu , njengomqashi wakho noma ilungu lomndeni. Lokhu kuholela ezinzuzweni zentela ezingaphezulu. Inani elinikelwa umqashi wakho ngeke libalwe njengemali engenayo ngezinjongo zentela. Futhi uma ilungu lomndeni linikela ku-HSA yakho, umnikelo wabo uyadonswa ngentela ekubuyisweni kwelungu lomndeni, noma ngabe bengakhiphi ukuncishiswa kwento.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-akhawunti okonga ezempilo ahle aguquguquke maqondana nokuthi ufaka nini futhi usebenzise imali. Iminikelo ku-HSA ingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nonyaka wekhalenda kuze kufike ku-Ephreli 15 wonyaka wentela olandelayo, kusho uDkt Tarugu.
Qaphela: The imikhawulo yeminikelo i-2020 ingama- $ 3,550 wezinhlelo ngazinye kanye ne- $ 7,100 yokumbozwa komndeni. Imikhawulo yango-2021 izoba ngama- $ 3,600 wezinhlelo ngazinye kanye ne- $ 7,200 yezinhlelo zomndeni.
OKUSHIWO: Izindleko zezempilo ongazikhipha enteleni
4. I-HSA inikeza ukuguquguquka ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-65
Ungabheka futhi iminikelo ye-HSA njengendlela yokonga umhlalaphansi. Ngemuva kokuthi ube neminyaka engama-65, ungasebenzisa izimali zakho ze-HSA ukuzikhokhela noma yini izindleko, noma ngabe zihlobene nezempilo noma cha. Ngeke ukhokhe inhlawulo, kepha ukusatshalaliswa ngeke kube mahhala.
5. I-HSA ivumela ukuphatheka kwezimali
Amanye ama-akhawunti okonga, njenge ama-akhawunti wokugcina imali (FSA) uyisebenzise noma ulahlekelwe yiyo. Okusho ukuthi, uma ungazisebenzisi zonke izimali, ziphelelwa yisikhathi ekupheleni kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ngokuvamile kungakapheli unyaka wekhalenda. Lokho akuyona ingozi nge-HSA. Ungavumela imali idlulele onyakeni olandelayo, kusho uDkt Tarugu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine imali uma ushintsha imali noma uthatha umhlalaphansi. Noma iyiphi imali ye-HSA ingeyakho ongayisebenzisa ezindlekweni zezempilo, noma ngabe uyidinga nini.
Yiziphi izinkinga ze-HSA?
Uma une-HSA, ngencazelo, kungenzeka ukuthi unohlelo lwezempilo oludonswayo oluphakeme. Lokho kungabiza kakhulu. Nazi izinhlobo ezintathu ze-HSA.
1. Uhlelo lwezempilo oludonswa kakhulu oluhlotshaniswa ne-HSA lungaholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokuphuma ephaketheni
Ngohlelo lwezempilo oludonswa kakhulu, kuzolindeleka ukuthi ukhokhe u-100% wokuvakashelwa odokotela, imiyalo, kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa uze ushaye imali yakho ekhishwayo, kusho uFranke. Kulo nyaka, i-HDHP yinoma yiluphi uhlelo olunokudonswa okungenani $ 1,400 kumuntu ngamunye noma u- $ 2,800 womndeni , ngokusho kwe-IRS. Kepha ngamacebo athile, izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni ngonyaka zingafinyelela ku- $ 6,900 kumuntu ngamunye noma ku- $ 13,800 yomndeni. Lokho kufaka imali oyichitha kuma-copays, i-coinsurance, kanye nezimali ezidonswayo.
Izinhlelo zezempilo ezidonswayo eziphakeme zivame ukuzuzisa kakhulu kubantu abanempilo ngokuvamile abadinga ukunakekelwa kokuvikela. Uma unesimo esingelapheki sezempilo esidinga ukuvakashelwa njalo ehhovisi likadokotela nokwelashwa okuvamile, noma uma wazi ukuthi uzohlinzwa, ungahle ucabangele uhlobo oluhlukile lwecebo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukhokhele ngaphambili zonke lezi zindleko, ezizoshisa izimali zakho ze-HSA ngokushesha okukhulu.
2. I-HSA kungenzeka ingakhokhi izindleko ezingalindelekile
Ungase ube nezindleko ezingalindelekile zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezingadlula inani olilondoloze ku-HSA yakho, kusho uDkt Tarugu. Bese kuba khona ingcindezi yokonga, uthi, ebhekisa ekunqikeni abanye abantu abazizwa befuna ukunakekelwa ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi imali eku-HSA yabo ingadingeka ngesikhathi esithile ngokuzayo.
3. Kunemithetho ezungeze ama-akhawunti we-HSA.
Okunye ukungalungi kwama-HSA kubandakanya izidingo zokugcina amarekhodi, izintela nezinhlawulo, nezimali. Noma nini lapho ukhipha imali ku-HSA yakho, kuya ngohlelo, kungadingeka ukuthi ugcine amarisidi ukufakazela ukuthi usebenzise leyo mali ezindlekweni zezokwelapha ezifanelekile. Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 futhi izindleko zithathwa njengezingafaneleki, kuzofanele ukhokhe intela emalini kanye nenhlawulo engu-20%. Ngokwengeziwe, amanye ama-HSA akhokhisa imali yesondlo yanyanga zonke noma imali yokuthengiselana ngakunye. Lokhu kuyehluka ngesikhungo.
Ezinye izindlela okufanele uzicabangele
Uma une-HDHP, futhi lelo hlelo linikezwa umqashi wakho, ama-HSA akuyona ukuphela kwendlela onayo yokubeka eceleni imali engakhokhiswa intela yezindleko zezempilo. Ungase futhi uthande ukubheka i-akhawunti yokubuyiselwa kwemali yezempilo (i-HRA) noma i-akhawunti yokusebenzisa imali eguquguqukayo yezempilo (FSA).
I-HRA iwuhlobo lwe-akhawunti yokuchitha imali umqashi wakho angayinikeza kumaphakethe wakho wezinzuzo. Umqashi wakho kuphela onganikela ku-akhawunti, futhi umqashi ungumnikazi wayo. Imali efakwa umqashi wakho ku-HRA yakho ayibhekwa njengengeniso ngenhloso yentela. Umqashi wakho ulawula cishe yonke into mayelana ne-HRA, kufaka phakathi ukuthi yiziphi izindleko ezimbozayo nokuthi uvumela noma cha ukuvumela imali ukuthi idlulele onyakeni olandelayo.
I-FSA yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungenye indlela ye-akhawunti yokuchitha imali, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinhlelo ezinokudonswa okuphansi. Njengama-HRAs, lokhu kunganikezwa kuphela ngabaqashi. Kanjalo, umqashi wakho ungumnikazi walawa ma-akhawunti futhi. Kodwa-ke, wena nomqashi wakho nivunyelwe ukufaka isandla kwi-FSA. Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ukuthi ama-FSA ayayisebenzisa noma ayilahle. Uma ungayisebenzisi yonke imali yakho ye-FSA ekupheleni konyaka (noma kuze kube ngu-Ephreli olandelayo kwezinye izinhlelo), umqashi wakho uvunyelwe ukugcina okusele.
Ukuthola incazelo eningiliziwe ngawo wonke umehluko phakathi kwama-HSAs, ama-HRAs, kanye nama-FSA wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, bona iposi lethu le-blog, I-HRA vs HSA vs FSA: Iyiphi i-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo engcono kakhulu ?
