I-Adderall: Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi kadokotela eyingozi ezikhungweni zasekolishi kuyakhula
Imininingwane YezidakamizwaI-Adderall neRitalin ngamagama emizi, avame ukubonwa njengemithi engenacala esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukunakekelwa kokushoda (ADHD noma i-ADD). Lapho zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo, zona kukhona , futhi empeleni ukunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa . Kodwa ukwanda kwazo ezikhungweni zasekolishi, kanye nedumela njengabathuthukisi bokusebenza, kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi okuyingozi kwemithi kadokotela kanye nokuguqula izidakamizwa — abanye abathi sekufinyelela ezingeni lobhadane.
Ukuqonda ukuthi imithi efana ne-Adderall, i-Ritalin, i-Vyvanse, i-Concerta (namanye ama-methylphenidates noma ama-amphetamines) ayithinta kanjani impilo yentsha ngendlela eyingozi kunendawo yokungena enzima.
Izithuthukisi zokusebenza ezikhuthazayo
Ngokuvumelana ne isifundo kushicilelwe ku- Ijenali Yezifo Eziluthayo , kunezitolo eziningi ezichaza ulwazi olungelona iqiniso mayelana nokusetshenziswa okukhuthazayo kadokotela ngokwelashwa ngokudala izinhloso ezihehayo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo ebusheni, intsha, ochwepheshe kanye nabafundi. Lezi zinsizwa nezintombi — ezivame ukubhekana nezivivinyo zokuphela konyaka nezinye izimo zengcindezi yezifundo ezinamandla — zigcwele izihloko zezindaba namahemuhemu akhomba izidakamizwa ezihlakaniphile kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa okuhlakaniphile kusuka kubangani, izinkundla ze-inthanethi, nezindawo zabezindaba.
Ukuphuza iphilisi ukuze uthole amamaki angcono, ukwenza kahle emsebenzini, noma ukwamukeleka kuyisixazululo esikhangayo ekucindezelekeni abaningi bethu ababhekana nakho. Inqaba izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuziphatha okuluthayo nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuyinkinga. Ngenkathi ngisekolishi, abantu babenza izidakamizwa ukubheka. Manje, abantu benza izidakamizwa ukuze bangene, uDkt. Anjan Chatterjee, usihlalo we-neurology e-University of Pennsylvania, uphawula ekuqaleni kwe-documentary yasekuqaleni yeNetflix Thatha amaphilisi akho - ekhuluma ngokuhlukunyezwa okushukumisayo kadokotela emakolishi asekolishi.
Ngenkathi siqopha ifilimu, abantu abasebenzisa u-Adderall, uRitalin, le mithi njalo — ngamangala ukuthi bangaki abantu abasha abangathi, ‘Manje, usebenza kule filimu — ingabe iyasebenza?’ Thatha amaphilisi akho Umqondisi u-Alison Klayman utshele I-NPR . Futhi okumangazayo ukuthi omunye wemiphumela ye-Adderall-okungukuthi, uyazi, i-amphetamine, i-amphetamine exubile-ukuthi ikwenza uzizwe sengathi wenza kangcono. Kodwa umqondo wokuthi lawa ‘ngamaphilisi ahlakaniphile’ noma ukuthi angabathuthukisi bokuqonda uyinkohliso encane.
Futhi yilokho okwenza udaba lokuhlukunyezwa okuvuselelwa ngudokotela lube yinkinga esabisayo. Lesi simo sengqondo sivame kakhulu. Ngokuya nge- funda kushicilelwe ku- Ijenali yaseMelika Yezokwelapha ngemininingwane ethathwe ocwaningweni lukazwelonke lwango-2015 nango-2016 mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nempilo, abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezi-5 basebenzisa izikhuthazi kadokotela ngokungemthetho, iningi labo lifuna ukukhulisa ukugxila namandla abo engqondo. A funda kushicilelwe ku- Ijenali ye-American College Health bathole ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-17 kwabesilisa abangu-179 okwaxoxwa nabo namaphesenti ayi-11 kwabesifazane abangu-202 babika ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho kwemithi evuselelayo. Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nane abafundi abahloliwe athi bayazi abafundi abasebenzisa kabi imishanguzo evuselelayo ngenxa yezizathu zombili zezemfundo nezokungcebeleka.
Yini eyenza ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi kadokotela?
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba ichaza ukusetshenziswa kabi njengokusebenzisa into ngenhloso engahambisani nemihlahlandlela yezomthetho noma yezokwelapha.
Leyo ncazelo yokusebenzisa kabi ihlanganisa izinsizwa nezintombi ziphendukela ku-Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, noma ezinye izikhuthazi zemithi ezibasiza ukuthi bagxile, bahlale bephapheme isikhathi eside, futhi benze kangcono. Futhi ngenkathi bebona izinhloso zabo zizinhle, okungenzeka kakhulu abakwazi lapho bethatha iphilisi kumngane noma befuna incwadi kadokotela uqobo lwabo ukuthi izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa izikhuthazi zikadokotela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza zikhawulelwe kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abakubonayo.
Izingozi zokusebenzisa kabi kadokotela
Ucwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abakhuthazayo abasebenzisa i- akunjalo ukubathatha ukwelapha isimo sezokwelapha ngokuvamile kunamaphoyinti ebanga aphansi kunabangewona abasebenzisi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abafundi abaphumelele ezifundweni zabo kungenzeka bangasebenzisi izikhuthazi zemithi kadokotela ngaphandle kwezempilo. Ngokwengeziwe, abasebenzisi abagqugquzela ukwelashwa abangasebenzisi imithi banamathuba amaningi kunabanye abafundi ukuba baphuze ngokweqile nabasebenzisi bezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.
Futhi, ukuthatha le mithi kungaba yingozi emzimbeni, kungabi kubi kuphela kumamaki akho. Wonke amabhodlela e-Adderall eza amakwe ngo isixwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama kusuka ku-FDA — okuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-FDA elibeka emithini. I-FDA ibheke ukuthi isexwayiso sidingekile ngenxa yamandla esikhuthazi kadokotela ukukhuphula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo labasebenzisi nomfutho wegazi, kanye nokuphakamisa ubungozi bama-aneurysms, isifo senhliziyo, kanye / noma isifo sohlangothi. Le mithi idala ukuguga kwenhliziyo. Beza nengozi yokuthi abasebenzisi bangaba imilutha ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo noma bathembele kumuthi. Eminye imiphumela emibi ye-Adderall ifaka ukuqwasha, ukungasebenzi kahle, ukucasuka, kanye nezinguquko ebuntwini.
Kepha ngaphandle kwamathuba amabi, imiyalo yezikhuthazi ithandwa kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. I-ADHD ukuxilongwa okuvame kakhulu, futhi izikhuthazi zikadokotela ziyindlela yokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala. Manje sekwamukelwe ukuthi i-ADHD iyaqhubeka nokuba mdala, ngakho-ke intsha eningi iya ekolishi nemithi yokwakha- okuvula ithuba elikhudlwana kulabo abangenayo imishanguzo yokuthola imishanguzo, nokudala inhlamba nobunzima kulabo abasebenzisa kahle izikhuthazi ukwelapha i-ADHD kanye ENGEZA. Ngokusho kwe- Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuhlukumeza Izidakamizwa , Abantu abadala base-U.S. Abayizigidi eziyi-16 bathatha izikhuthazi kadokotela.
Ukusiza ukukhawulela ukutholakala kwe-Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, nezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo, odokotela abaningi nodokotela abajwayelekile bayakhuthazwa ngocwaningo kanye nochwepheshe emkhakheni wokudlulisela iziguli kochwepheshe bezengqondo kunokubeka engcupheni amacala e-ADD ne-ADHD uqobo.
Ukukhulisa ukuqwashisa ngokusebenzisa kabi imishanguzo kadokotela
Ababhali be- funda kushicilelwe ku- Ijenali Yesifo Esiluthayo gcizelela nokubaluleka kokuqwashisa abantu ezikhungweni zasekolishi ngezibonakaliso, izimpawu kanye nobungozi bokunukubezwa okukhuthazwa kadokotela. Kepha ukubhekana ngokugcwele nengcindezi yokuncintisana eqhuba ukuhlukunyezwa okuningi kwe-Adderall, izinguquko ezibanzi zamasiko nezingxoxo ezivuleke kakhudlwana mayelana nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kabi nokuhlukumezeka kubukeka kanjani phakathi kwemindeni, abangane, nontanga okudingekayo.
Namuhla, abazali abaningi abazi ukuthi izingane zabo ezifunda emakolishi zisebenzisa imishanguzo kadokotela ngaphandle kokwelapha, noma, okubi nakakhulu, abazali abaningi babonakala beyivumela inkinga ngokushalazela noma ngokukhuthaza ukuziphatha, umbhali uDkt Amelia A. Arria wabhala ku i funda . Bebhebhezelwa ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokukhulisa ukusebenza kwezingane zabo ezifundweni, laba bazali bathinteka kakhulu ezinganekwaneni… ukuthi, okungcono kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa okungezona okokwelapha kwezikhuthazi kadokotela kungasiza izingane zabo ukuthi zithole amamaki angcono nokuthi, okubi kakhulu, akunangozi. … Abazali kumele bakhuthazwe ukuthi baxoxe nalezi zinganekwane ezithandwayo nezingane zabo futhi bagcizelele ukuthi ukuya emakilasini, ukuqeda izabelo ngesikhathi, nokugcina umsebenzi wesikole njalo kuyindlela - noma inzima futhi iyisicefe — isu lokufeza ukusebenza kahle kwezemfundo . Isifaniso esiwusizo nesifanele singadonswa ngamasu okuphatha isisindo. Indlela enempilo yempumelelo yesikhathi eside ibandakanya ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo nemikhuba yokudla enempilo.
Izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa kwe-Adderall
Lapho umuthi unikezwa noma uphuzwa yinoma imuphi umuntu ngaphandle kwalowo obunikezwe yena, ubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqula izidakamizwa. Kuyingozi, futhi-ngeshwa-kuvame kakhulu. Lokho abaningi abangaqapheli, futhi kuyicala elibucayi. Lapho izingane ezinomhume we-ADHD ukucindezela kontanga futhi zinika abangani amaphilisi, zingaboshwa futhi zibekwe icala lokuhlukumeza. Futhi lokho kuzohlala nabo isikhathi eside emuva kokukhanya kwabo bonke o-A okwesikhathi sokuphela konyaka. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingahle ihlukumeze i-Adderall, bheka lezi zimpawu eziyisixwayiso:
- Ukukhuluma ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, noma ukuba nemicabango engaphelele
- Kubukeka sengathi kunenjabulo engajwayelekile, inolaka, impulsive noma imania
- Ukudla okuncane kunokujwayelekile
- Ukuhoxa emphakathini
- Ukwehla kwenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu
- Ukuba nezinkinga eziningi zobudlelwano
- Ukulala kakhulu noma ukhathele kaningi
- Isigaba noma umsebenzi ongekho
- Ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuziphatha eziyimfihlo noma okubonakala sengathi kuyaphambana
- Udinga imali kaningi noma udlule kuyo ngokushesha okukhulu
- Ukudideka noma ukulahleka kwememori
- Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokweqile
- Ukugxila ngokweqile noma ukusebenza ngokweqile okuholela ekukhathaleni
Uma unengane, ilungu lomndeni, umngane, noma umfundi oveze noma wakhombisa izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa okuvuselelayo, kufanele ukuthathe ngokungathi sína. Khuluma nabo nge Ama-3R wokusebenzisa kadokotela , incoma ukuphathwa kabi kwezidakamizwa nokulawulwa kwezinsizakalo zempilo yengqondo ( SAMHSA ). Chaza ukuthi izikhuthazi ziyingozi — azisizi ngalutho — nokuthi ukusebenzisa imishanguzo kadokotela akuyona futhi kuphephile kunokuzama izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Yithathe njengophawu lwezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezingaba khona ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa noma impilo yengqondo — okufanele ixazululwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Imiphumela emibi ye-Adderall nokuhoxa
Iningi labantu abathatha lo muthi ukwelapha i-ADHD abahlangabezani neminye yale miphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi ivame ukuphela ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi amasonto ambalwa.
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-Adderall, ngokusho kwe- Umtapo Wezincwadi Kazwelonke wase-U.S , faka:
- Ukwesaba
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Izinguquko ku-sex drive noma kwikhono
- Izinhlungu ezibuhlungu zokuya esikhathini
- Umlomo owomile
- Ukuqunjelwa
- Uhudo
- Isicanucanu
- Kunzima ukulala
- Ihaba kanye / noma imizwa eshintsha ngokushesha
- Ukukhathazeka
- Ukuyaluza
- Ukwehla kwesisindo
- Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana neminye yale miphumela emibi. Eminye imiphumela emibi ye-Adderall ifaka:
- Inkulumo ehamba kancane noma enzima
- Isiyezi
- Ukuba buthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki kwengalo noma komlenze
- Ukuquleka
- Izithuthuthu zezimoto noma zomlomo
- Kugaya amazinyo
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukukholelwa izinto ezingelona iqiniso
- Ukuzizwa usola abanye ngokungavamile
- Ukucabangisisa
- UMania
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukushaya kancane
- Isikhumba siyazwela ekukhanyeni
- Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukudlikiza
- Izinguquko kumbono noma ukufiphala kwamehlo
- Umbala ophuzi noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eminweni noma ezinzwaneni
- Ubuhlungu, ukuba ndikindiki, ukuvutha noma ukuncinza ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
- Amanxeba angachazeki, njengesikhumba esixebukayo noma esikhulayo
- Izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile, njengoku: ukuqubuka, isifuba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, ubuso, ulimi noma umphimbo, ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya, ukushesha
Uma uhlangabezana neminye yale miphumela emibi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha, noma funa ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwemiphumela emibi, thintana nemininingwane kadokotela noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi.
Lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-Adderall, isikhathi eside, kungaholela ekuthembekeni. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungaba nezimpawu zokuhoxa ekuyekiseni isidakamizwa. Izimpawu zokuhoxa ze-Adderall, ngokusho kwe- Izikhungo Zokulutha ZaseMelika , faka:
- Ukuqwasha
- Shintsha ekudleni
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuthukuthela / ukungahlaliseki
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukushintsha kwemizwelo
- Ukukhathazeka
- Imicabango yokuzibulala
- Ukuthuthumela
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Ukufisa izidakamizwa
- Inkinga yokugxila
- Ukuntuleka kwesisusa
- Ukuquleka
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Ukwehla kwesisindo
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
- Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka
- Ukubona okufiphele
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
Uma usola ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-Adderall, noma ukuthi ingane yakho incike ku-Adderall, ungahle uthande ukusetha uhlelo lokulunyulwa ngosizo lochwepheshe wezokwelapha ukusiza ngezimpawu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Adderall nokulashwa
I-Adderall iyisikhuthazi seSheduli II, okusho ukuthi inamandla amakhulu okulutha. Uma wena noma ingane yakho iba umlutha, ungakuthola kunzima ukuyeka ukuthatha i-Adderall. Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni - ukukhipha i-Adderall ngosizo lukadokotela — kanti ukwelashwa kunamathuba amahle kakhulu okuphumelela.
Awuqinisekile ukuthi uzoqala kuphi? Zama lezi zinsizakusebenza zokuhlukunyezwa nokwelashwa kwe-Adderall:
