Ngabe osokhemisi banganquma ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa?

Usokhemisi Wezemfundo Yezempilo Wazi Kakhulu

Indima kasokhemisi womphakathi ilokhu iguquka njalo. Osokhemisi bangakhipha imishanguzo futhi basebenze ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zikadokotela ukuqapha nokulungisa imishanguzo ye-warfarin, izikali ze-insulin, nemithi yenhliziyo. Kepha, ingabe osokhemisi banganquma ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa? Ziningi ezinye izindlela ezibalulekile osokhemisi abangazithatha ezindimeni ezibalulekile kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo — kanti impilo yabesifazane iyithuba elikhulu.

Abesifazane abaningi e-U.S bazabalaza ukuthola izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngama-hormonal, ngokomlando obekufanele zinikezwe ngudokotela. Kungenzeka bangazi ukuthi bangakutholaphi ukulawulwa kokubeletha, noma abakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokuvakasha kukadokotela. Osokhemisi, noma kunjalo, ngokuvamile batholakala kalula. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokuxoshwa kokuhlola iqhaza elingaba khona kukasokhemisi ekuhlinzekeni ngemigomo yemithi yokuvimbela inzalo yamahomoni.

Indima yosokhemisi empilweni yabesifazane

TO Ucwaningo lwe-2003 bathole ukuthi osokhemisi bakwazile ukuhlola ngokuphepha futhi batusa ngokufanele izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa zehomoni ezigulini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli zaneliseke kakhulu ngokutholakala kalula kukasokhemisi nencwadi kadokotela, ngenkathi zigcina ukuthi zizolandela nodokotela wazo njalo eminyakeni emithathu ukuthola okunye ukuhlolwa okudingekayo.

Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo olwaqala phansi lwaholela e-Oregon naseCalifornia ukuthi iphasise umthetho ovumela osokhemisi ukuthi banqume futhi bakhiphe izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zamahomoni. Namuhla, izifundazwe eziyi-11 kanye nesifunda saseColumbia zivumela osokhemisi ukuthi banikeze futhi banikeze ukulawula kokuzalwa kwamahomoni okuzenzela. Lezi zifaka phakathi: California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oregon, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, nase West Virginia. Ezinye izifundazwe eziningi zisezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola umthetho ofanayo.

Ngabe osokhemisi banganquma ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa?

Impendulo yalokho iyahlukahluka esifundeni ngasinye. Isifundazwe ngasinye siphasise umthetho waso, futhi singafaka noma singazibandakanyi izinhlobo ezithile zemithi yokuzilawula ezilawulwa ngokwakho, njengezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo, iziqeshana ezithunyelwa kwabesifazane, iringi lesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nemithi yokuvimbela inzalo yamahomoni. Ngenkathi zonke izifundazwe eziyi-11 zivumela amaphilisi okuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngomlomo kanye ne-transdermal patch ukuthi kunqunywe, yi-Oregon, California, neNew Mexico kuphela evumela ngokukhethekile ukuthi umuthi wokuvimbela ukukhulelwa owenziwe ngomjovo unqunywe ngusokhemisi. Uma ufuna izinto zokuvimbela inzalo kulezi zifundazwe, kungcono ukukhuluma nosokhemisi ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinketho ezithile ezitholakalayo lapho.

Ngingazithola izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi kulezi zifundazwe?

Cha, akuwona wonke usokhemisi noma ikhemisi enikeza lezi zinsizakalo. Osokhemisi abafisa ukunquma izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo kumele babambe iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni okudingeka ngumbuso wabo.

Noma ikhemisi linokhemisi kubasebenzi abaqinisekisiwe, lokho akusho ukuthi ungahlala uthola incwadi kadokotela kulelo khemisi. IWashington, D.C., idinga ukuthi amahora afakwe usokhemisi oqinisekisiwe abhalwe ohlwini. IWashington State idinga ukuthi kubekwe uphawu noma isitikha ngaphandle kwekhemisi ukukhombisa ukuthi leli khemisi lingabeka futhi likhiphe izindlela zokuvikela ukukhulelwa ezizisebenzisela zona.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi ukuthi ikhemisi ingakunika yini ukufinyelela kuzindlela zokuvimbela inzalo kulezi zifundazwe ukubuza usokhemisi osemsebenzini. Akuzona zonke izifundazwe ezihlanganyele ngokulinganayo. ECalifornia, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphela U-11% wamakhemisi banikela ngale nsizakalo. Ngokungqubuzanayo, isifundo e-Oregon kutholakale ukuthi ama-75% wabantu bayo ahlala ku-zip code efanayo njengekhemisi elihlinzeka le nsizakalo, kanti osokhemisi babenomsebenzi wokubhala ngaphezulu kwe-10% yemiyalelo ephelele yezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo e-Oregon.

Kuzohlanganisani ukuvakashelwa ngusokhemisi? Ingabe kufanele ngiye kudokotela wami esikhundleni?

Ekuvakasheni kwakho ekhemisi, usokhemisi uzokugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo oziqondisayo, ozoqoqa imininingwane ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nowomndeni kanye nomlando wakho wokusebenzisa izinto zokuvimbela inzalo. Usokhemisi uzothatha nomfutho wegazi wakho. Ngokuya ngombuso, iziguli ezinengcindezi yokufunda kwegazi ngaphezulu kuka-140/90 kungadingeka ziye ekunakekelweni okuyisisekelo noma kumhlinzeki wezempilo wabesifazane. Lokho kuyiqiniso nangeziguli ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ezinomlando wokubhema noma ezinomlando womdlavuza othile.

Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ubufakazi bokuthi umbonile umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo oyisisekelo esikhathini esithile sokunye ukuhlolwa kokuvikela impilo, njengePap smear, kungakhathalekile umlando wezempilo. EColorado, osokhemisi kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi uke wavakashela kahle abesifazane eminyakeni emithathu. ENew Mexico, kuyadingeka ngonyaka owedlule.

Ezifundazweni eziningi, osokhemisi kudingeka ukuthi bakunikeze isifinyezo esibhaliwe sokuvakasha kwakho, futhi wazise umhlinzeki wakho oyinhloko ngokuvakasha esikhathini esilinganiselwe. Ezimweni eziningi, uzokwazi ukuthola udokotela wakho ngokushesha lapho uqeda ukuvakasha kwakho nosokhemisi.

I-FAQ: Ukuthola isizali ekhemisi

Kufanele ngibe neminyaka emingaki ukuze ngikwazi ukubona usokhemisi incwadi kadokotela yokuvimbela inzalo?

Izivumelwano esifundazweni ngasinye ziyahlukahluka, kepha eziningi zidinga ukuthi ube neminyaka engu-18. I-Oregon izovumela osokhemisi ukuba banikeze umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 uma ngabe enikezwe umuthi kadokotela wangaphambilini owakhishwa ngumhlinzeki wakhe wokuqala wokunakekelwa. I-Tennessee izovumela isiguli esikhululwe ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ukuthi sibone usokhemisi ukuthola incwadi kadokotela.

Ngabe kukhona imali ekhokhwayo yokubona usokhemisi ukuthola incwadi kadokotela? Ngabe umshwalense wami uzowukhokhela?

Amakhemisi amaningi akhokhisa imali eyisicaba, imvamisa ebangeni lama- $ 30- $ 50, ukubona usokhemisi futhi ahlolwe umuthi. Amanye amakhemisi aphumelele ekukhokhiseni umshwalense wezokwelapha kanye / noma iMedicaid yokuvakasha. Kungcono ukukhuluma nosokhemisi ngezindleko ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho.

OKUSHIWO: Ungakhululwa kanjani (ukulawulwa kokuzalwa noma ungenawo umshwalense )

Ngabe izindleko zomuthi uqobo zihlanganisiwe emalini yokuvakasha?

Umuthi kadokotela ungakhokhisa imali ethe xaxa kuye ngokuthi ukhetha yiphi inzalo kanye nomshwalense wakho. Izinhlelo zomshwalense kudingeka zinikeze ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngaphandle kwenkokhiso kuwe, kepha hhayi zonke ezingafakwa. Uma ungaqinisekisiwe noma indlela oyikhethile ingamboziwe, hlola Okufanayo okonga izindleko ezingaba khona kudokotela wakho.

Ngabe imishanguzo yami izokugcwalisela kabusha?

Ngenkathi ubude besikhathi bungahluka kuye ngesifundazwe, osokhemisi bavunyelwe ukunikela ngokugcwaliswa kabusha kumuthi kadokotela. Ama-oda azoba ngaphansi kwemikhawulo efanayo yokuphelelwa isikhathi njengabanye abasesimweni esifanayo. Uma incwadi kadokotela isiphelelwe isikhathi, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubuye ubone usokhemisi noma umhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha futhi ukuze uqhubeke nodokotela wakho.

Yini indlela engcono yokuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lokufinyelela enginalo ezweni engihlala kulo?

Ikhemisi langakini lingumthombo wolwazi olulula futhi ofinyeleleka kalula. Ibhodi lombuso lekhemisi esifundazweni sakho lingahlinzeka ngeminye imininingwane kuwebhusayithi yabo. Izifundazwe eziningi zisasebenza ngomthetho ozovumela osokhemisi ukuthi banqume, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukusebenza ngenqubo yokwenza kwenzeke esifundazweni sakho.