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Izibalo ze-OCD 2021

Izindaba

Akuvamile ukuba nenkambiso ethile yasekuseni noma isiko lakusihlwa — into oyenza cishe nsuku zonke. Futhi akuyona into engavamile ukufuna ukujabulela ikhaya elihlanzekile noma indawo yokusebenzela ehlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, uma uzizwa ukhathazekile lapho okuthile kungenziwanga kanjalo noma uma kufanele ulwe nokunxusa okungenangqondo noma okungafuneki ukuphinda le misebenzi, ungathola ukuthi lezi yizimpawu ze-OCD. Yize i-OCD yake yabekwa kwizifo eziyishumi ezikhubaza kakhulu ngemali engenayo elahlekile nokwehla kwekhwalithi yempilo futhi kuyathinta 1 kwabangu-40 abadala e-United States, izibalo ze-OCD akulula ukuzithola futhi izifundo eziningi ziphelelwe yisikhathi. Sihlanganise izibalo ze-OCD zakamuva futhi eziwusizo ukukhombisa ukwanda kwaso eU.S.

Kuyini ukuphazamiseka okuphoqelela ngokweqile?

I-Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yisifo esingelapheki sokukhathazeka lapho umuntu ehlangabezana nemicabango engacabangi, engalawuleki, noma ephindaphindwayo elandelwa impendulo yokuziphatha. Ukuqaphela kuyimicabango ephindaphindwayo, ukunxusa, noma izithombe zengqondo ezibangela ukukhathazeka. Ukuphoqeleka kukuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo umuntu one-OCD ezwa isifiso sokwenza ngokuphendula umcabango ongalawuleki.

Okulandelayo izigaba ezine zokuziphatha kwe-OCD (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphoqelelwa) nezibonelo zalowo nalowo, ngokusho kwe- Amamenyu eBoduryan-Turner , Psy.D., isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esizinze eCalifornia:

Ukwenza okucindezelayo njengokuhlola, ukugeza izandla, ukukhiya, ukuhambisa izinto, ukubuka, ukuthandaza, noma ukufuna ukulinganisa.
Ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa kusuka kubathandekayo, ukuthayipha usesho ku-Google, noma ukubuza uSiri.
Ukugwema izimbangela ezifana nokuxhumana nomphakathi, izinto, noma ukuhambahamba ezintweni.
Ukuphoqelelwa kwengqondo njengokuphinda amagama, ukubala, ukuhlola kwengqondo,ukuvuthwa, ukubona ngamehlo, ukucindezelwa komcabango, ukunciphisa amandla (esikhundleni somcabango ongathandeki nesimnandi), nokubuyekezwa kwengqondo (ukubukeza izenzo ezedlule).

Umjikelezo we-OCD uqhubeka ngesimo sokusebenza, lapho ukuphoqelelwa kuyizimpendulo zokuziphatha ezinciphisa ukukhathazeka. Ukusebenza kokuphoqelelwa yilokho okuqinisa kabi lokho kuziphatha ekuphenduleni ukukhathazeka, ngokusho kukaDkt. Boduryan-Turner.

Uyachaza ukuthi ukuba ne-OCD kuyithinta kakhulu impilo yomuntu ngenxa yemicabango engaphazamiseki, ukukhathazeka nokungaqiniseki. Ukukhathazeka kwe-OCD kuyaphazamisa futhi kungabangelwa noma kunini. Abanye abantu abane-OCD bakuthola kunzima ukuphuma endlini ngoba imikhuba yenkambiso emphakathini ingaba yihlazo.

Ivamile kangakanani i-OCD?

Cishe u-2.3% wabantu bane-OCD, okungaba ngu-1 kwabangu-40 abadala kanye no-1 kwabantwana abayi-100 e-U.S. (Inhlangano Yokukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka YaseMelika)
Ukusabalala kwe-OCD esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-12 kuphakeme kwabesifazane (1.8%) kunabesilisa (0.5%). (IHarvard, 2007)
Ucwaningo olulodwa ngo-1992 lwathola ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abane-OCD zinezimpawu ezinkulu ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-25. (Stanford Medicine)
Emindenini enomlando we-OCD, kunamathuba angama-25% okuthi elinye ilungu lomndeni eliseduze lizoba nezimpawu. ( Ijenali yaseMelika Yezokwelapha Zofuzo , 2005)

Izibalo ze-OCD ngamandla:

Ingxenye yabantu abadala abane-OCD (50.6%) babenokukhubazeka okukhulu kusukela ngo-2001-2003.
Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abadala abane-OCD (34.8%) babenokukhubazeka okulingene kusukela ngo-2001-2003.
Bangu-15% kuphela abantu abadala abane-OCD abanokukhubazeka okuncane kusukela ngo-2001-2003.

(IHarvard Medical School, 2007)

Izibalo ze-OCD ngobudala:

Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuqala kwe-OCD sineminyaka engu-19.5 ubudala. ( I-Molecular Psychiatry, 2008)
Abesilisa bakha iningi lamacala okuqala kakhulu. Cishe ikota labesilisa linama-onsets ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-10. Abesifazane abaningi batholakala ukuthi bane-OCD ngesikhathi sobusha (ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10). ( I-Molecular Psychiatry, 2008)
Abantu abaneminyaka yokuqala yokuqala banezimpawu ezinzima ze-OCD namazinga aphezulu we-ADHD nesifo se-bipolar. ( Imithi Yezengqondo, 2014)

I-OCD nezimo zempilo yengqondo ezenzeka ngokubambisana

Iningi (90%) labantu abadala ababene-OCD ngesikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zabo lalinokunye okungenani okunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Izimo ezivame ukuhlangana ne-OCD zifaka:

Izinkinga zokukhathazeka, kufaka phakathi i-panic disorder, i-phobias, ne-PTSD (75.8%)
Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokucindezeleka kwe-bipolar (63.3%)
Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho, kufaka phakathi i-ADHD (55.9%)
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (38.6%)

(I-Molecular Psychiatry, 2008)

Izimbangela ze-OCD

Inhlanganisela yezici zofuzo, ezemvelo, kanye nobungozi be-neurobiological zingadala i-OCD.Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi izimpawu ze-OCD zixhunyaniswe nezindawo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zobuchopho.

Ukungajwayelekile ezinhlelweni ze-neurotransmitter — amakhemikhali anjenge-serotonin, i-dopamine, i-glutamate ethumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho — nawo ayabandakanyeka kulesi sifo, kusho uDkt. Boduryan-Turner. Isici esiyinhloko salabo abane-OCD ukuthi abanayo i-serotonin etholakala kalula ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ukuze ukuxhumana okubalulekile kwenzeke.

Ngeshwa, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kwe-OCD kuthatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ngokwesilinganiso. Kungathatha eminye iminyaka engu-17 ukuthola ukunakekelwa okwanele. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okulungile, kuphela i-10% yabantu abane-OCD ababuyiselwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ama-50% ahlangabezana nokuthuthuka kwezimpawu ze-OCD, ngokusho kweThe Recovery Village.

Ukwelapha i-OCD

I-OCD ayinakulapheka, kepha ingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngemithi nangokwelashwa kwengqondo. I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiwe (SSRIs) efana ne- I-Prozac neLexapro zivame ukunikezwa iziguli ezine-OCD. Kubalulekile ukuthatha le mithi nsuku zonke njengoba kunqunyiwe, njengoba kungathatha amasonto ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 ukubona ushintsho ezimpawu ze-OCD. Yize kuthatha isikhashana ngaphambi kokuthi ama-SSRI abe nomthelela obonakalayo ku-OCD, izinga lokuphumelela lokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nama-SSRI ngama-40% kuye kuma-60%. Ukuyeka imithi ngokungazelelwe ngaphandle kwe-taper kancane futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokuziphatha okungahle kubangele ukubuyela emuva ku-OCD, ngokusho kweThe Recovery Village.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa nokwelashwa okuphendulayo kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo kungasiza abantu abane-OCD ukuphatha ukukhathazeka kwabo nokulawula ukuphoqelelwa kwabo.

Ukuvikela ukuvezwa nokuphendula (i-ERP) yilona khambi eliphumelela kakhulu ukwelapha i-OCD, ngokusho kukaDkt. Boduryan-Turner. Uyachaza ukuthi umqondo we-ERP ukufundisa ubuchopho ukuthi buphendule kanjani ngokuhlukile ekuthambekeni ngokubekezelela ukukhathazeka nokungakhululeki okuza nabo.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) nokucabangisisa ngezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo ze-OCD, ngokusho kukaDkt. Boduryan-Turner. Ukuba nengqondo kukufundisa ukugcina imizwa nemicabango yakho ngendlela enenhloso ngenkathi i-CBT ikufundisa ukukhomba, ukufaka ilebula, nokuvuselela imicabango yakho.

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa kwe-OCD nemithi