Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-statins (nokuthi ungalwa kanjani nayo)
Imininingwane YezidakamizwaKungabukeka sengathi i-cholesterol ephezulu akuyona into enkulu-phela, abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-102 abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 banenani le-cholesterol eliphelele ebangeni elijwayelekile (200 mg / dL), ngokusho kwe Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (I-CDC). Okubi kakhulu, cishe izigidi ezingama-35 zalabo bantu abadala zinamazinga angama-240 mg / dL noma ngaphezulu, okubabeka endaweni eyingozi yokuthola isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuthi kuvamile, akusho ukuthi ungakushaya indiva uma okwakho kukala ngaphezu kwamazinga enempilo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda nokuphatha i-cholesterol yakho-ngokungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa njengama-statins.
Yini i-cholesterol?
I-cholesterol yinto e-waxy ephuma esibindini (umzimba uyayenza ngokwemvelo) kanye nokudla kwakho (kutholakala emithonjeni yokudla kwezilwane, njengenyama, amaqanda, nobisi olunamafutha agcwele). I-cholesterol ijikeleza egazini futhi iyadingeka emisebenzini eminingana yomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni, uvithamini D, nolwelwesi lweseli. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol esegazini — okuyi-low-density lipoprotein noma i-LDL cholesterol — kunganamathela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi kuphenduke uqweqwe.
I-plaque emithanjeni yethu ingavimba ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwamahlwili, okuholela ekulimaleni kwenhliziyo (ngokwesibonelo, isifo senhliziyo) nokulimala kobuchopho (isifo sohlangothi), kusho uJoshua Yamamoto, MD, udokotela wenhliziyo, umsunguli weFoxhall Medicine eWashington , DC, nombhali we Ungasivimbela Isifo Sohlangothi . Eqinisweni, ukukhula kwamacwecwe akusona isifo [esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypercholesterolemia] —kuyinto yebhayoloji yemvelo, umthelela wesikhathi nobudala ekusakazeni kwethu kwegazi.
Yini ama-statins?
I-Statins, isigaba semithi esehlisa i-cholesterol, sesibe yindinganiso yegolide yokwelapha i-hypercholesterolemia, kuchaza UDkt Jennifer Haythe, MD , udokotela wenhliziyo eNewYork-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Eqinisweni, abantu abadala baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11.6 njengamanje bathatha imishanguzo ye-statin yesifo se-atherosclerotic senhliziyo (ASCVD), ngokusho kwezibalo zakamuva Ucwaningo Lukazwelonke Lwezempilo Nokudla Okunomsoco .
Izitatimende ezidumile zifaka:
- I-Crestor (rosuvastatin)
- I-Lipitor (atorvastatin)
- I-Zocor (simvastatin)
- I-Pravachol (pravastatin)
- I-Altoprev noma iMevacor (lovastatin)
- I-Lescol (i-fluvastatin)
- I-Livalo (pitavastatin)
Ngabe ama-statins asebenza kanjani?
Izitatimende zisebenza ngokungavimbi kuphela i-enzyme ekhiqiza i-cholesterol, kepha futhi ngokusiza umzimba ukuthi uphinde uvuselele i-cholesterol ekhona, uDkt. Haythe uyachaza. UDkt. Yamamoto wengeza ukuthi ama-statin kufanele acatshangwe njengemithi yokuvikela imithambo yegazi ngoba le mithi inamandla okuvikela imithambo yegazi, ivimbele ukukhula koqweqwe, futhi - okubaluleke kakhulu — ivimbele ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, unhlangothi, ukulimala kobuchopho, nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Imiphumela emibi yama-statins
Futhi ngenkathi zivame kakhulu futhi zivunywa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ukuphendula kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwama-statins. (Ukuhlaziywa kukaDisemba 2018 okukhishwe yi Inhlangano Yezinhliziyo ZaseMelika yathi imiphumela emibi yama-statins ayivelakancane — nokuthi izinzuzo zidlula izingozi.) Nansi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yama-statins:
1. Izimbadada nezinhlungu
Bobabili odokotela esikhulume nabo bayavuma ukuthi izinhlungu nezinhlungu zemisipha (ezibizwa nangokuthi i-myalgia) yisona sikhalazo sokuqala esivela ezigulini, lapho kukhona phakathi kwabantu abangu-4% no-10% abathintekayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi u-1 kwabangu-20 kithi uthambekele ekuthuthukiseni kalula izinhlungu zemisipha, uDkt Yamamoto uyanezela.
Ukuguqulwa okuthile kwendlela yokuphila kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi be-myopathy nokulimala kwemisipha, kufaka phakathi ukunciphisa ukuvivinya umzimba ngamandla (ngoba ukuqina kokusebenza kungabeka ubunzima emisipheni esivele ivuvukele) nokuthatha i-coenzyme Q10 yokudla.
UDkt Yamamoto uthi ngenxa yokuthi i-CoQ10 yenziwa emisipheni, ukwelashwa kwe-statin kungayiqeda ohlelweni, okuholele ekuqaqanjelweni imisipha. Ama-vegans ajwayele ukuthambekela kakhulu ebuhlungwini nasezinhlungwini ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-statin ngoba i-CoQ10 itholakala ngokwemvelo enyameni ebomvu, usho kanjalo. Kepha khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-vegan nganoma iyiphi indlela kusenza singavikeleki emiphumeleni yesikhathi, futhi imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwama-vegans kusesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
2. Ushukela ophakeme wegazi
Izitatimende nazo zingakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abane-metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes noma amazinga kashukela egazini, uDkt. Haythe uyachaza. Ucwaningo lwango-2017 olushicilelwe kumagazini I-BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care uqaphele ukuthi ama-statins ahlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu kakhulu esifo sikashukela ezigulini ezisengozini enkulu yokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.
3. Ama-enzyme wesibindi aphakeme
Ezinye iziguli kwesinye isikhathi zizwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi ekuthatheni ama-statins, ngokusho Umtholampilo waseMayo . Kodwa-ke amanani mancane — udaba olushicilelwe kumagazini ka-2013 I-Gastroenterology ne-Hepatology ithi izivivinyo zomtholampilo zikhombisa ukuthi ama-statins axhunyaniswe nokuphakama kwe-serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT, i-enzyme etholakala kakhulu esibindini nasezinso) ngokwesilinganiso samaphesenti amathathu eziguli.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi zifaka ukukhathala okukhulu, ukungathandi ukudla, ubuhlungu emzimbeni ongaphezulu, umchamo onombala omnyama, kanye / noma ophuzi kwesikhumba noma kwamehlo. Uma ukukhuphuka kwe-enzyme yesibindi kuncane, iziguli zingaqhubeka nokuthatha ama-statins, kepha uma ukusebenza kwesibindi kuthinteka kakhulu, kungenzeka kunqunywe i-med ehlukile.
4. Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo nokudideka
IHarvard Medical School ukhomba ocwaningweni luka-2015 olushicilelwe ku- Imithi Yangaphakathi yeJAMA ehlole ukuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol nokulahleka kwememori. Ngemuva kokubukeza amarekhodi ezokwelapha eziguli ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-11, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abantu abadala abathathe ama-statins (kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomuthi we-cholesterol) babenamathuba aphindwe kane okubika ukukhubazeka kwengqondo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababengathathi isigaba esifanayo yemithi. Kodwa-ke, uHarvard uyangeza ukuthi inhlangano akunakwenzeka ukuthi inikezwe umehluko oyisisekelo wokuthi izidakamizwa ze-statin nezingezona eze-cholesterol zisebenza kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumagazini we-2016 wephephabhuku Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela , Ababhali bokutadisha abavela kwa-Israyeli bahlaziye imiphumela evela kuzilingo ezifanayo zokubuka kanye nezilindelwe zokuhlelwa okungahleliwe. Abakutholile: Amacala abikiwe wokulahleka kwememori ayengandile, futhi abaphenyi baphetha ngokuthi kusamele kusungulwe ubudlelwane obuyimbangela.
Eminye imiphumela emibi ebikiwe evela kuma-statins ifaka:
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Kunzima ukulala
- Isicanucanu
- Isiyezi
- Ukuqhakaza
- Uhudo
- Ukuvuselelwa
- I-Rash
Izici zobungozi bokungabekezelelani kwe-statin, ngokusho kwe- Umtholampilo waseMayo , faka:
- Bangabesifazane
- Bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80
- Yiba nohlaka lomzimba oluncane
- Unokwehluleka kwezinso noma isifo sesibindi
- Yiba ne-hypothyroidism noma i-neuromuscular disorder
- Thatha imishanguzo ethile ukwelapha i-cholesterol noma izifo
- Phuza ngokweqile
- Sebenzisa inani elikhulu lamagilebhisi, kufaka phakathi ijusi lamagilebhisi
UDkt.Haythe uthi eminye imiphumela emibi yama-statin ingalawulwa ngosizo lukadokotela, ongahle asikisele ukuthi ushintshele kusitatimende esihlukile noma ukwehlisa umthamo womuthi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.