Izidakamizwa eziphumelela kakhulu ukukusiza uyeke ukuphuza

Imininingwane Yezidakamizwa

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala (i-AUD) kuyinkinga yezempilo ekhulayo e-United States; kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-6% wabantu abadala ziyathinteka. Yize ukululama kungelula, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinketho zokwelashwa ezingasiza — futhi zidlulela ngale kwezinhlelo eziyizinyathelo eziyi-12 nokuvuselelwa kweziguli. Njengamanje kunemithi emithathu kadokotela yokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala evunyelwe yi Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (FDA), kanye nezinye izidakamizwa abanye odokotela abazisebenzisayo ngaphandle kwelebula ngezinkinga zokuphuza.

Nakhu okumele ukwazi ngemithi engakusiza uyeke ukuphuza nokuthi ungalutholaphi usizo.

Imithi emi-3 evunyelwe yi-FDA yokusetshenziswa kotshwala

I-FDA igunyaze le mithi elandelayo ukusiza ngenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.

1. ICampral (acamprosate)

I-Acamprosate kungasiza abanye abantu abane-AUD ukuyeka ukuphuza ngokunciphisa izifiso nokunciphisa umvuzo wengqondo otshwaleni. Imvamisa ithathwa ngefomu lethebhulethi kathathu ngosuku.

2.Vivitrol (naltrexone)

Ifana ne-acamprosate, umabhebhana iqeda injabulo kubantu abanesipiliyoni se-AUD ngotshwala, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa isifiso sokuphuza. Kutholakala njengephilisi lansuku zonke, umjovo wanyanga zonke, nangokufakwa komuthi.

3.I-Antabuse (i-disulfiram)

I-Disulfiram ithebhulethi oyiphuzayo kanye ngosuku ngemuva kokuyeka ukuphuza okungenani amahora ayi-12. Kuvimba imetabolism yotshwala futhi ekugcineni kukugulisa kakhulu uma uphuza ngenkathi usebenzisa umuthi.

Imuphi umuthi ongakusiza uyeke ukuphuza?

Emithini evunyelwe yi-FDA ebhalwe ngenhla, umuthi ozokusebenzela kangcono uzoncika ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ngabe usuyekile ukuphuza noma cha, umlando wakho wezempilo, kanye nesabelomali sakho.

IDisulfiram yimithi endala egunyaziwe ye-AUD e-United States. Kodwa-ke, akusathandeki kwabanye odokotela ngenxa yokuthi kumjezisa kanjani kanzima umuntu uma eshibilika eyoziphuzela, nokuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu ngesikhathi sokululama.

Kufana nokungena embizeni yekhukhi, futhi imbiza yekhukhi ikwephula ingalo — akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphinde ufinyelele kuyo, kusho UHarshal Kirane, MD , umqondisi wezinsizakalo zokulutha izidakamizwa eStaten Island University Hospital. [Kodwa-ke], i-disulfiram ayiyona inketho engcono kakhulu yeziguli ngoba noma iluphi utshwala obumunca bangene egazini, noma ngabe kuphuzwa, kuphuzwa utshwala ekuphekeni noma ngisho nasezandleni zokuhlanza izandla, kungaveza ukusabela okungekuhle.

I-Acamprosate ne-naltrexone ikhonjisiwe ukuthi inamandla afanayo, kusho URobert Brown, MD , i-hepatologist kanye nomqondisi weCentre for Liver Disease and Transplantation eNewYork-Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical Center, kodwa kukhona umehluko okumele wazi: Inzuzo ye-naltrexone ukuthi [ithathwa] kanye nsuku zonke, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kweziguli , futhi kunemininingwane [ukukhombisa] ukuthi iyasebenza noma ngabe umuntu usaphuza lapho eqala umuthi, usho kanjalo. Kepha ngivame ukunquma i-acamprosate engaphezulu kune-naltrexone ngoba uma isiguli sinenkinga yama-opioid, asikwazi ukuthatha i-naltrexone.

Izindleko nazo zingaba yisici esinqumweni sakho. I-American Family Physician ithole ukuthi ukunikezwa kwenyanga eyodwa kwe-acamprosate ejwayelekile kubiza ama- $ 55, okungaphezulu kancane kune-naltrexone ejwayelekile, ebiza ama- $ 45 ngamaphilisi abiza inyanga.

Izidakamizwa ezingekho ilebula ukunciphisa ukuphuza

Odokotela bangaphinde banikeze eminye imithi yokusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula ukusiza iziguli ziyeke ukuphuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-FDA ayibonanga ukuthi umuthi uphephile noma usebenza ngempumelelo ekuphazamisweni kokusetshenziswa kotshwala, kepha umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uthathe isinqumo esifanele isiguli sabo .

OKUSHIWO: Okudingayo ukwazi ngezidakamizwa ezingekho ilebula

Le mithi iwela kakhulu ekilasini lezidakamizwa ezaziwa njengeziqinisi zemizwa, njenge topiramate , I-Lamictal,futhi I-Trileptal , kuchaza uDkt Kirane. Ubufakazi bokuthi le mithi ingaba wusizo bunqunyelwe futhi buvame ukuqhamuka ezifundweni ezincane, ezingakhululiwe. Kufanele nakanjani zibhekwe uma umuntu engatholi ukuthi eminye imithi isebenza ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi.

I-Baclofen , umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukudumba kwemisipha, futhi ungaba ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo esesithuthukile sesibindi, ngoba i-baclofen ngokuyinhloko ihlanganiswa nezinso, kusho uBrown.

Ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala

Akukho ukwelashwa okulingana nosayizi wabantu abafisa ukunciphisa ukuphuza. Imithi, yize ingahle ibe wusizo, ingahle ingabi inhlamvu yemilingo yokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.

Ukwelulekwa, ukwesekwa kokuziphatha, kanye nemithi kufanele konke kube setafuleni ukuthola indlela yokwelashwa eguqukayo engagcini ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zeziguli lapho zingena ekwelashweni, kodwa ezingaguquka njengoba ziqhubeka nokwenza ngcono nokukhula, kusho uDkt Kirane.

Uma ulwa nenkinga yokuphuza, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukwakha uhlelo lokuyeka. Ungaphinda ufune ukwesekwa kusuka ku- Izidakwa Akaziwa kanye ne- Inombolo yosizo kaZwelonke yeSAMHSA, Ukuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo .