Ngingayidinga nini incwadi kadokotela kavithamini D?

Imininingwane Yezidakamizwa

Yileso sikhathi sonyaka lapho iningi lase-United States lihlangabezana nesimo sezulu esesabisayo nesikhathi esincane elangeni. Uma kukhulunywa ngempilo yakho, abantu abaningi bavame ukuhlobanisa isimo sezulu sasebusika nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile. Kepha kukhona umsoco obalulekile iningi lethu elilahlekile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika, futhi udlala indima enkulu empilweni yakho yethambo: uvithamini D. .

Yini i-vitamin D?

UVitamin D uvithamini oncibilikayo onamafutha odingekayo ukuze i-calcium ingene emathanjeni akho, kusho UDkt Inna Lukyanovsky, Pharm.D ., udokotela osebenzayo nomlobi we ICrohn's neColitis Fix .

UChirag Shah, MD , umsunguli we-Push Health, uyachaza: I-Vitamin D uhlobo lwe-molecule eyaziwa ngokuthi i-secosteroid. I-Vitamin D isebenza ngokusemzimbeni emzimbeni futhi isiza ukukhulisa ukumuncwa kwama-electrolyte, kufaka phakathi i-calcium ne-magnesium, kusuka emathunjini emathunjini.

Ngamanye amagama, amathambo akho awakwazi umunce i-calcium ngaphandle kukavithamini D . Yingakho ubisi lwezinkomo oluningi oluthengiswa ezitolo ezidayisa ukudla zase-U.S. Luqiniswe ngovithamini D. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi uthola malini kule calcium enamandla ekudleni, amathambo akho azoba ntofontofo futhi aqhekeke ngaphandle uma uthatha novithamini D owanele ukuze uwucubungule.

Kungani udokotela angakhipha uvithamini D?

Imiyalo kaVithamini D ingahle ikhuphuke. Isifundo esisodwa kutholakale ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokushoda kukavithamini D nemiyalelo elandelayo yamavithamini ancibilika enamafutha inyuke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kasikhombisa phakathi kuka-2008 no-2013. Kungani kukhule kangaka? Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yokwanda komhlaba wonke ekuqwashiseni ngeziguli ezinesifo se-vitamin D, kunokuba kube nokwanda kwangempela kwesidingo.

Ngakho-ke kungani udokotela enganikeza ukwengezelwa kukavithamini D? Kunezizathu eziningana, kodwa kuqala ngokufinyeleleka kwevithamini.

Sikuthathaphi uvithamini D?

Uvithamini D utholakala emithonjeni embalwa yokudla nganoma yisiphi isibalo esibalulekile (isibindi, isalmon ebanjwe endle, namanani amancane obisi oluqinile), kusho U-Arielle Levitan, 1500 , umsunguli we-Vous Vitamin nombhali we Isixazululo se-Vitamin . Ingatholwa ngokuvezwa yilanga.

Kepha abantu abaningi abatholi i-vitamin D eyanele ekudleni noma ekushisweni yilanga. Uma kunjalo, bangahle badinge ukuthatha isithasiselo sikavithamini D. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bangathola abakudingayo kwi-over-the-counter (OTC), kodwa abantu abaningi badinga incwadi kadokotela. Ungathola izengezo ezijwayelekile zikavithamini D emakhemisi nasezitolo zemithi kanye nezithasiselo zamagama ezinjengeDrisdol neCalciferol.

Izimo zezokwelapha ezidinga ukwelashwa kukavithamini D

Uvithamini D uvame ukunikezwa i-hypoparathyroidism [isimo esibangela ukuntuleka kwe-calcium, amajaqamba kanye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha, ubuthakathaka nokukhathala], kusho uDkt Lukyanovsky. Odokotela bangaphinde bayinikeze i-osteomalacia, isimo lapho kuchithwa i-calcium ethanjeni.

Kunezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingadinga ukunikezwa i-vitamin D. Isibonelo, i-hypocalcemia yisimo esimakwe nge-calcium enganele egazini. Odokotela bayayiphatha ngezinhlobo ezithile zikavithamini D obizwa nge-alfacalcidol, calcifediol, calcitriol, ne-dihydrotachysterol. I-Alfacalcidol, i-calcifediol, ne-calcitriol nazo zibekiwe ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezithile zezifo zamathambo ezivamile ezigulini ze-dialysis.

Ukushoda kukavithamini D

Bonke ochwepheshe bethu bezokwelapha basitshela ukuthi esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokunquma i-vitamin D ukuntuleka kwayo. Uma isiguli sibhekene izimpawu zokushoda kukavithamini D , njengokulahleka kwethambo, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ubuhlungu bethambo nomhlane, nobunzima bokuphola emanxebeni, umhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungenzeka a-oda ukuhlolwa kwelebhu ukuze aqinisekise ukushoda kukavithamini D.

Amazinga egazi we Ama-nanograms / milliliter angama-20 kuya ku-50 ng / mL kavithamini D kubhekwa ebangeni elijwayelekile kubantu abaphilile. Uma imiphumela yelabhu ibonisa izinga eliphansi levithamini D elingaphansi kuka-12 ng / mL, lokho kukhombisa ukusweleka kukavithamini D.

Ukushoda kukavithamini D kubucayi kakhulu. Uma inani likavithamini D egazini liphansi kakhulu, lingadala isimo esibizwa ngamaRickets ezinganeni. Ama-Rickets yisifo esingajwayelekile. Kubangela amathambo ezingane ukuba athambe futhi agobe, kwesinye isikhathi akha imilenze yomnsalo. Izingane zase-Afrika zaseMelika zisengozini enkulu yokuthola ama-rickets.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abantu abadala nabo bangahlushwa imiphumela yezokwelapha uma bengenayo i-vitamin D eyanele, kufaka phakathi isifo samathambo i-osteomalacia.

Abanye odokotela bacabanga ukuthi uvithamini D angaxhunyaniswa nezimo eziningi zezokwelapha, njenge-high blood pressure, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza kanye ne-multiple sclerosis. Abaphenyi bafunda izixhumanisi ezingaba khona, kepha kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ngaphambi kokuba siqonde kahle ubudlelwano phakathi kukavithamini D nalezi zimo.

Abantu abasengozini ekhethekile yokushoda kwevithamini D

Bangu abanye abantu abasengozini yokushoda ngovithamini D , futhi kungahle kudingeke ukuthi bathathe imithwalo yemithi noma izithako zemithi ngaphandle kwezimpawu.

• Izinsana ezinceliswe ibele: UVitamin D akatholakali ngamanani abalulekile obisini lwebele lomuntu, kanti iAmerican Academy of Pediatrics incoma ukuthi izingane ziveze ukukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kwelanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zingane zisengozini yokuntula uvithamini D, futhi mhlawumbe namaRickets. Kufanele bathathe isengezo sokudla samayunithi angama-400 wamazwe omhlaba (IU) kavithamini D ngosuku.
• Abantu abadala asebekhulile: Lapho usugugile, isikhumba asikwazi ukwamukela uvithamini D elangeni.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abanye besifazane basengozini enkulu yokushoda kwevithamini D. Ukuthatha isengezo sansuku zonke sevithamini D sama-4,000 IU ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunganciphisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kanye nomsebenzi wokuqala.
• Abantu abakhuluphele: Amafutha abo omzimba angabopha uvithamini D othile futhi akuvimbele ukuthi kufinyelele egazini.
• Abantu abaye bahlinzwa esiswini ngokudlula.
• Abantu abane ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo , isifo sezinso, noma isifo sesibindi .
• Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama: Inani eliphakeme lesikhumba sombala lenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhiqiza uvithamini D ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
• Abantu abanesifo sikaCrohn noma isifo se-celiac: Lokhu kuphazamiseka kubangela ukuthi umzimba ube nobunzima bokubamba amafutha, adingekayo ukuze umunce la vithamini oncibilikayo.
• Abantu abane-hyperparathyroidism: Lokhu kusho ukuthi imizimba yabo ine-hormone eningi kakhulu, elawula izinga lomzimba le-calcium.
• Abantu abathatha imithi ethile: Eminye imishanguzo, efana ne-cholestyramine, imishanguzo yokulwa nokuquleka, ama-glucocorticoids, imishanguzo ye-HIV / AIDS, kanye nezidakamizwa ezibulala izinhlungu, kungathinta umzimba wakho we-vitamin D.

I-Vitamin D2 vs. D3

Ubuwazi ukuthi uvithamini D empeleni uza ngezindlela eziningi? Izinhlobo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zikavithamini D empilweni yakho D2 futhi D3 .

UVitamin D2 waziwa njenge ergococindzi ngenkathi i-vitamin D3 yaziwa njenge kucofe , kusho uDkt Shah. I-Vitamin D2 imvelaphi yayo ivela emithonjeni esekwe ezitshalweni ngenkathi i-vitamin D3 ivame ukutholakala kwimithombo yezilwane.

Futhi asikhulumi nje ngokudla lapha. Khumbula, nabantu bayizilwane. Ngakho uvithamini D isikhumba sakho simunca elangeni yifomu le-D3.

UDkt Levitan uthi abantu abadinga izengezo zikavithamini D kufanele bathathe i-D3. Le yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu kavithamini D emzimbeni wakho, njengoba isibindi siguqula i-D2 iye ku-D3. Yize iningi labantu lingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-D2 kalula.

Yini i-vitamin D yamandla kadokotela?

Kade sikhuluma kakhulu ngemigomo kavithamini D. Kepha iqiniso liwukuthi odokotela abaningi banikeza iziguli zabo ukuthi zithathe izithasiselo zikavithamini D ezithengwa ekhawunteni. Imithamo ephakeme Izithasiselo ze-OTC zitholakala ku-400 IU, 800 IU, 1000 IU, 2000 IU, 5000 IU, namathebulethi we-IU ayi-10,000 namaconsi oketshezi.

Amandla kadokotela uvithamini D uqukethe umthamo ophakeme we-50,000 IU. Kepha ochwepheshe bethu bathi le dose ayidingekile kubantu abaningi.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuza uvithamini D ngokusebenzisa isilinganiso sansuku zonke sonyaka ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lwamavithamini olwenziwe ngezifiso, kusho uDkt. Levitan. Inani umuntu ngamunye alidingayo liyahluka ngokuya ngokuthi ungubani, uhlala kuphi, ubuhlanga, izindaba zezokwelapha nokuningi. Kunemikhiqizo kadokotela ethi ‘mega dose’ ye-D3, engathathwa masonto onke ifomu lethebulethi. Kodwa-ke, lezi azivamile ukudingeka ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu nakubantu abanezinkinga zokumunca i-GI (I.e., isifo sikaCrohn). Ekugcineni iningi labantu lingagcina izinga elijwayelekile likavithamini D ngomthamo wansuku zonke phakathi kuka-800 no-2000 IU nsuku zonke. Lokhu kungathathwa kumafomu e-tablet, capsule, noma e-drop. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola okudingayo ukuthatha umkhuba owenziwe ngudokotela owenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho eziqondile zamavithamini.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Vitamin D nokuhlangana

NgokukaDkt.Lukyanovsky, okulandelayo kungaba nemiphumela engemihle yezakhamzimba ze-vitamin D:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ukuqunjelwa
• Ukoma ngokweqile
• Ukuchama njalo
• Amatshe ezinso
• Ukudideka noma ukudideka
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma isifiso sokudla esibi
• Ukukhathala

UDkt Lukyanovsky uchaza ukuthi izithasiselo zikaVitamin D nazo zingasebenzisana kabi nemithi ethile, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyiphuza uma uphuza noma iyiphi yale mithi.

• Imithi yesifo sikashukela
• Imithi yengcindezi yegazi
• Izithako ze-calcium
• Ama-Antacids
• Ama-Corticosteroids , njenge-prednisone
• Imithi yokwehlisa isisindo, kufaka phakathi i-Alli (orlistat)
• I-Questran, i-LoCholest, noma i-Prevalite (cholestyramine)
• Imithi yokuthatha, kufaka phakathi i-phenobarbital ne-Dilantin (phenytoin)

Kungenzeka ukuthi udle uvithamini D. omningi kakhulu uma ukudla kwakho kwansuku zonke kukavithamini D kudlula kakhulu isabelo sokudla esinconywayo (RDA) kungaholela ku-vitamin D ubuthi, obangela ukwakheka kwe-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia), isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi, kufanele njalo ufune izeluleko zezokwelapha kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha isengezo sikavithamini D, noma ngabe ungaphezulu kwekhawunta. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi izithasiselo zisebenzisana neminye imishanguzo oyiphuzayo, noma kuthinte izimo ongase ube nazo, kepha udinga ukwazi umthamo ofanele kavithamini D nawe.