Imibuzo eyi-9 ongayibuza udokotela uma umnyama, ungowomdabu, noma ungumuntu onebala
Imfundo YezempiloUkuya kudokotela kungakhathaza izinzwa kunoma ngubani-ikakhulukazi uma ubekade ukuhlehlisa isikhashana noma unenkinga yezempilo okhathazeke ngayo. Uma umnyama, ungowomdabu, noma ungumuntu onebala (BIPOC), ungazizwa ukhathazeka kancane ukuthi ukucwaswa ngokobuhlanga kungagcina ukukhathazeka kwakho kungazwakala. Kunokwehluka okukhona ngokobuhlanga nangokobuhlanga ekunakekelweni kwezempilo-ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, imiphumela yezempilo mibi kakhulu kuneyeziguli ezimhlophe.
Wonke umuntu ohlanganyela neqembu lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kungakhathalekile isizinda, kufanele azizwe ekhululekile futhi abe yingxenye elinganayo ezingxoxweni nasezingxoxweni ngempilo yakhe, uthi UMelissa Simon , MD, umqondisi we-Institute for Public Health and Medicine - Centre for Health Equity Transformation eNorthwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. Kubalulekile ukwamukela ukuthi i-BIPOC inokungathembi okwengeziwe ngezizathu ezizwakalayo ngemuva kokubhekana nokuphathwa kabi okungamashumi eminyaka ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Ukuxhumana okuvulelekile kungasiza ekwakheni lokho kwethembana, futhi kuqala ngeziguli ezizizwa zinamandla okubuza imibuzo — nokuthola izimpendulo ezicatshangelwe kahle — ngempilo yazo. Ubudlelwano obuqinile nomhlinzeki wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kuyisisekelo sokuqonda izingqinamba zezempilo zabambalwa nokunciphisa ukwesaba.
Imibuzo eyi-9 ongayibuza udokotela uma umnyama, ungowomdabu, noma ungumuntu onebala
Ngenkathi kunezinhlobonhlobo imibuzo ejwayelekile okubalulekile kuzo zonke iziguli ukumboza nodokotela wazo, kunezinto ezengeziwe eziMnyama, Ezomdabu, nabantu bebala okufanele bacele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwabo akunakwa noma kushayelwa eceleni.
1. Ayini amalungelo ami njengesiguli?
Kunamalungelo eziguli amile kahle lapho yonke imitholampilo, isibhedlela, kanye nebhizinisi elihlinzeka ngosizo lwezempilo likhona, imvamisa kuyisimo sepheshana, kusho uDkt Simon. Abangewona abancane bathola ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kunabantu abaMnyama, abomdabu, abantu bebala — noma ngabe izinto zokutholwa ezifana nesimo somshwalense kanye nemali engenayo ilawulwa.
Ukucela leyo dokhumenti kungakusiza ukuthi ubone uma ngabe uthola ukwelashwa okungafani. Uma uzwa ukuthi njengesiguli noma umnakekeli, izidingo zakho azihlangatshezwa noma azwakala, ungasho kanjalo ngqo kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Noma, kungaba yisizathu esihle sokukhetha omunye udokotela — kungaba kuleso sikhungo noma kwenye indawo.
2. Kungani ufuna ukwenza lokho kuhlolwa?
Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bafundiswa ukuza nohlu lokuhlonza okwehlukile noma izimbangela zezimpawu zakho, uDkt Simon uyachaza. Konke okukulo hlu lwezimo ezingaba khona kunezinqubo eziningi, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi noma kwe-imaging ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okuthile. Abahlinzeki bezempilo abahlali bedlula kulo lonke uhlu — nokuthi kungani be-oda izivivinyo ezithile — imvamisa ngoba banemizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-30 kuphela enikezwe isiguli ngasinye. Noma, balwa nobunzima bokuchaza la mathuba.
Ngenxa yokwenzelela nokucwasa abanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezinhlelo zezempilo ezihambisana nokungazethembi ezinye iziguli (ikakhulu ngenxa yamashumi eminyaka yokuphathwa kabi ngokomlando ngohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokucwasana nokucwaswa), iziguli ezinemibala kufanele zizizwe zinamandla futhi zizizwe ejensi ukubuza le mibuzo, kusho uDkt Simon. Ukubuza le mibuzo kungasiza iziguli ukuthi zizwe kangcono ukuthi ziyezwakala ngabahlinzeki bazo bokunakekelwa kwemitholampilo futhi le mibuzo isiza isiguli ukuthi sikuqonde kangcono lokho okungaba nakho uqobo nokuthi kungani.
3. Imiphumela yalolu vivinyo noma inqubo izositshelani?
Kunezikhathi eziningi lapho iziguli zidinga ukuholwa futhi zingaziqondi ngempela izingozi, izinzuzo, kanye nezinkinga zezinqubo ezithile, ngakho-ke ukwenza konke lokhu nomhlinzeki kungazishiya zizizwa ziqinisekile, kuchaza Soma Mandal , MD, umfundi waseSummit Medical Group eBerkeley Heights, eNew Jersey. Akulindelekile ukuthi wazi yonke into ngokuya ngemigomo nezibalo. Umhlinzeki wakho kufanele abe ngumthombo nommeli wakho.
UDkt Simon uphakamisa ukuthi uma udokotela ethi Lokhu ngicabanga ukuthi kuqhubeka, impendulo evela kuwe njengesiguli kufanele Ungangitshela noma yini enye oyicabangayo engaqhubeka? Uma ukuhlolwa kuvela ukuthi awunalo futhi usakhathazekile ngezimpawu obhekene nazo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudlula kwezinye izimo ezingadala izimpawu zakho, ngokusho kukaDkt Simon.
4. Uyenze kangaki le nqubo?
Ukwenza inqubo kungakucindezela, kepha ukwazi isipiliyoni sikadokotela wakho ngayo kungasiza ukubeka ingqondo yakho ngokukhululeka. Ekusebenzeni kwakhe, uDkt. Mandal uthi ubona abesifazane abaningi abanemibala ekusebenzeni kwakhe futhi ubeluleka ngokuthi yini okufanele bayibuze ongoti ngaphambi kokwenza izinqubo ezithile nokuhlinzwa. Futhi kungaba lula njengokuthi, Kukangaki ukwenze lokhu?
Lona ngomunye wemibuzo eminingi abantu besifazane abanemibala abavamisile ukuyibuza ngoba bezwa sengathi bangahlangabezana nokufuna noma ukungenelela, kuchaza uDkt. Mandal. Kepha lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu ayibuze.
Uma uchwepheshe wakho kungumuntu owenze inqubo ethile izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane, uzokwazi ukuthi bayazethemba futhi banethezekile ukuyenza.
5. Ngabe ngidinga noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe?
Iziguli ezimhlophe zinamathuba amaningi okuthola ukuhlolwa okuvikela kanye nezeluleko zokugcina impilo enempilo ngokudla nangokuzivocavoca umzimba. Isibonelo, aboMdabu baseMelika / ama-Alaskans aboMdabu mancane amathuba okuthi abamhlophe bathole ukuhlolwa komdlavuza onemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu athile amancane anengozi enkulu yezimo ezithile ezingalapheki, njengesifo sikashukela. Amanani phakathi kwabase-Afrika baseMelika, isiLatinx, kanye nabaseMelika baseMelika aphakame izikhathi eziphindwe ngama-2.8 kunesilinganiso sabantu. Ukutholakala kokunakekelwa kwezempilo nakho kungakhawulelwa ngokungalingani kunikezwe i- amaphesenti aphezulu abantu abangaqinisekisiwe kula maqembu.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi imikhiqizo eyingozi njengokudla okungenampilo, utshwala, nogwayi kuthengiswa ngokungalingani kubantu abaMnyama, aboMdabu, abantu bebala. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo kubandakanya isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zesibindi, nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zinto zihlanganisiwe zingasho ukuthi udinga izivivinyo ezengeziwe noma izivivinyo emzimbeni wakho wonyaka ukuze ubambe noma yiziphi izingqinamba ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lapho zelapheka kakhulu. Uma ungenayo umshuwalense wezempilo, ungathola imitholampilo yamahhala endaweni yangakini lapha .
6. Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami ye-COVID-19?
ICoronavirus ithinte ngokungenakulinganiswa abaMnyama, Abomdabu, abantu bebala. Amaqembu amancane ezinhlanga nezinhlanga asengozini enkulu yokugula nokufa ngenxa yenoveli coronavirus, ngokusho kwe- Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (I-CDC). Kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezinomthelela kule ngozi-kusuka ekubandlululweni kuya ekungaluthembini uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Izingxoxo ezikhethiwe nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungasiza ekunciphiseni okunye kwalokhu kwesaba futhi kunciphise namathuba akho okutheleleka.
Kusenabantu abaningi abangafuni ukuhlolwa, ngakho-ke ngokubuza imibuzo nokuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa, kungani izimaski zibalulekile, ukuthi lithathelwana kanjani igciwane, njll., Ungaqonda ukuthi liyenziwa ukuze akunakekele kahle kakhulu, uDkt Simon uthi.
7. Ungancoma umbono wesibili?
Lo ngumbuzo ongawubuyisela kumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko ngemuva kokuthola ukuxilongwa kochwepheshe. Umbono wesibili ungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wokuqala kungenzeka uthini futhi ukulethele ukuthula kwengqondo okwengeziwe ukuthi uhlelo lokunakekelwa luyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza. Uma kuyinqubo ende kakhulu noma ukuxilongwa kungathi sína, njengokufakwa esikhundleni ngokuhlanganyela, noma kuyisimo esingasongeli impilo esingadinga ukuhlinzwa, ngihlala ngikhuthaza ukuthola umbono wesibili ukuze nje ngisekele leso sincomo sokuqala, uDkt. Mandal uthi.
Izinqubo ezithile zenziwa ngokweqile kwabamnyama, abomdabu, abantu bebala. Isibonelo esisodwa ukukhulelwa okungadingekile, okungahle kube nengozi yokungalawuleki komchamo njengoba ukhula futhi ngokwezibalo kwenziwe ngokweqile kwabesifazane abaMnyama . Izingxenye ze-Caesarian nazo zenziwe ngokweqile kwabesifazane abaMnyama noma ngabe zingakhombisanga ukuthi ziyadingeka kwezokwelapha, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2017 .
Kwezinye izimo, ukunakekelwa akulungile. Izinqubo ezifana ukufaka ngokuhlanganyela empeleni zenziwa ezigulini eziMnyama ezingaphansi kweziguli ezimhlophe, kanti neziguli eziMnyama nazo mancane amathuba okuthi zithole i-catheterization yenhliziyo yize amazinga esifo senhliziyo ephakeme. Abantu base-Asia baseMelika bancane kakhulu kunabamhlophe ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwesibhedlela okunconyelwe i-pneumonia. Kulezi zimo, ngizohlala phansi neziguli zami ngizifundise ukuthi kungani (inqubo ethile) ingahle ingadingeki nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izinqubo ezingatholakala ezinganikwanga zona, kuchaza uDkt. Mandal.
8. Singakuhlelela yini okunye ukuvakasha?
Uma ungavumelani nalokho okuzwayo futhi ungenasikhathi esanele ekuvakasheni kwakho, kufanele ucele ukusetha elinye i-aphoyintimenti ukuze uqhubeke nengxoxo.
Iziguli ezimhlophe zivame ukubuza imibuzo eminingi futhi zibuze imininingwane eyengeziwe, ngokusho kukaDkt. Simon, kanti iziguli ze-BIPOC zivame ukuzizwa zingazwakali noma zingalalelwa kuzilungiselelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Isizinda senhlalo nezomnotho naso sidlala indima enkulu maqondana nokuthi umuntu ubuza kangakanani imibuzo kubahlinzeki babo. Kubalulekile ukuthi konke iziguli zokucela ukuvakashelwa okunye uma zingazizwa sengathi kukhona isixazululo sangempela kulokho ezizizwa ngakho, uthi.
Ungacela futhi udokotela ukuthi akhombe imininingwane engaphezulu noma izinto ongazibukeza ngazo wedwa ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngesimo sakho ngaphambi kokuba ubuye ukuzoxoxa ngemibuzo nokukhathazeka kwakho okungeziwe.
9. Yiziphi ezinye izinsiza zesineke engizitholayo?
Iningi lezikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, imitholampilo, kanye nezibhedlela zinomnyango wezinsizakalo zeziguli lapho ungazwakalisa khona futhi uzame ukuxazulula ukukhathazeka okuthile, noma ufune umbono wesibili komunye umhlinzeki. Ezinye izibhedlela zinezikhungo zokufunda zezempilo, ezifana nemitapo yolwazi, lapho abasebenzi abangakusiza khona ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokukhathazeka noma ukuxilongwa kwakho futhi bakusize ukwazi ukuxhumana kangcono nokukhathazeka kwakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ngokwengeziwe, zonke izibhedlela, izikhungo zezempilo, nemitholampilo zinohlobo oluthile lomnyango wokusekelwa kwezezimali noma insiza ekhona. I-BIPOC inokufinyelela okuncane kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo kunabamhlophe — amazinga we-uninsurance noma i-under-insurance ephakeme. Uma uthola ibhilidi esibhedlela, ukhathazekile ngokuthi umshwalense wakho ngeke ubhekane nakho konke okudingayo, noma awunayo umshuwalense futhi ukhathazekile ngokuthi okuthile kuzokubiza malini, ungakwazi ngivame ukukhuluma nomnyango wezinsizakalo zezezimali ngakho. Uma ungenawo umshwalense, ungazama ukuxoxisana ngentengo ephansi noma ubone ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ezinye izinsiza ezikhona ezingasetshenziswa enkokhelweni yakho yezinsizakalo ozitholayo.
Okubalulekile
Ingxoxo phakathi komhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo nesiguli ibalulekile ekwakheni ukwethembana nokuzethemba ngokombono wesiguli ukuthi umhlinzeki waso uyalalela, unakekele, futhi ukhathazeke ngokweqiniso.
Ekupheleni kosuku, unguchwepheshe wakho kuwe, kusho uDkt Simon. Kuyisihluthulelo ukwazi ukuthi unelungelo lokuzwakala nokuthi imizwa yakho isemthethweni.
