Ngabe udinga i-booster yesimungumungwane?
Imfundo YezempiloKungenzeka ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane noma waba nesimungumungwane useyingane. Kodwa ukuqubuka kwesimungumungwane kulo lonke elase-United States — ngaphezu kwezigameko eziyi-1,200 zesimungumungwane ezifundazweni ezingama-31 ngo-2019, ngokusho kwe Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC) —ushiye abanye abantu bekhathazekile ngesimo sokuzivikela kwabo isimungumungwane. Ngenhlanhla, ama-booster shots ayatholakala kulabo abadingayo, kanti abanye abantu abadala badinga omunye umthamo. Ingabe wena umuntu ozobanjelwa umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane-mumps-rubella (umuthi wokugomela i-MMR)?
Kuyini i-MMR?
Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane usebenza ngokubangela impendulo emasosheni omzimba ukudala amasosha omzimba alwa nezifo ezintathu ezibangelwa amagciwane: isimungumungwane, imvukuzane, ne-rubella.
Izimpawu zegciwane lesimungumungwane zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane ongena kancane kancane, ukuqubuka kwamabala abomvu aphakanyisiwe, nokuphakama kwamabala amhlophe okwesibhakabhaka emlonyeni. Uphawu olusobala kakhulu lwegciwane le-mumps ukuvuvukala kwezindlala zamathe noma ze-parotid. Izimpawu ze-rubella zifaka ukuqubuka kobuso okuncane, izindlala ezivuvukele namalunga, nomkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi.
Izinkinga zala magciwane zibucayi futhi ziqala kusuka enyumoniya, ukungezwa, ukudlikizela, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwesinye isikhathi ukufa. Ngenhlanhla, zonke ziyizifo ezivikeleka ngokugoma. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi udinga i-booster ye-MMR, sebenzisa umhlahlandlela wethu ongezansi ukuthola.
Ngubani odinga i-booster yesimungumungwane?
Uma ngabe wazalwa ngaphambi kuka-1957 , mhlawumbe awudingi ukushesha uye ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uthole isibhamu, kusho UJohn M. Townes, MD , umqondisi wezokwelapha wokuvimbela nokulawula ukutheleleka e-Oregon Health and Science University ePortland, e-Oregon.
Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kuka-1957 kubhekwa njengobufakazi bokungavikeleki, kusho uDkt Townes. Imasisi iyathathelana kangangokuba (ngaleso sikhathi) cishe wonke umuntu wayithola.
Kunoma ngubani osemncane, ubufakazi bokuzivikela komzimba (okuyimibhalo eyisisekelo yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi unegciwane noma uthole imigomo ye-MMR) kungenzeka kungabi lula kangako.
Uma uthole umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane phakathi kuka-1963 no-1967 , kwakutholakala imithi yokugoma emibili: umuthi wokugomela ophilayo opholile nomuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi. Umuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi ubungaphumeleli kangako, kusho UJohn Lynch, MD , weHarborview Medical Center's Department of Infection Prevention and Control eSeattle. Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyiphi abayitholile. Uma ungena kulesi sigaba (noma ucabanga ukuthi ungahle ungaqiniseki), uncoma ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi okunye ukugoma kuwukuhlakanipha yini. Uthi enye indlela, ukwenza ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ahlolwe. Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula (i-aka titer) okuzokutshela ukuthi awunaso yini isimungumungwane. Uma impendulo ithi cha, kuzodingeka uphinde ugonywe, kuchaza uDkt Lynch.
Ngemuva kuka-1967 , umuthi wokugoma ongasebenzi awusekho — okusho ukuthi zonke izingane zithole umuthi wokugoma osebenza kangcono, ophilayo. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube ngo-1989, kwakudingeka umthamo owodwa kuphela weMMR, kusho uDkt Townes. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-CDC yaqala ukuncoma imithamo emibili yemigomo ye-MMR (umthamo wokuqala owanikezwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ubudala kulandelwa umthamo owengeziwe phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-6) ngoba yanda ukusebenza kusuka ku-93% kuya ku-97%. Ngakho-ke, kunethuba lokuthi abanye abantu abagonywe ngaphambi kuka-1989 abanakho ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Kepha lokhu akuyona into eqinisekile — abaningi ngaphambi kuka-1989ers balunge ngokuphelele ngoba noma isibhamu sokuqala senza iqhinga noma ngoba bathole umthamo wesibili womuthi wokugoma we-MMR ngasikhathi esithile (ngaphambi kokuya ekolishi, isibonelo).
Ngabe awunaso isiqiniseko sokwenza? Inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwenza ukufinyelela amarekhodi akho okugoma, kusho uBryan Goodin, umphathi wezempilo wabasebenzi Impilo yefa ePortland, e-Oregon. Kuye ngokuthi ugonywe nini, udokotela wakho angaba nayo. Futhi izifundazwe eziningi zigcina irejista yokugoma futhi.
Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
Ekugcineni, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi yize ukuguga nobudala bonyaka wokugoma ngokuqinisekile kushiwo, akuzona ukuphela kwezinto okufanele zibhekwe lapho kunqunywa ukuthi ngabe umthamo we-booster uyadingeka yini.
Amaqembu asengozini enkulu adinga ukuba (noma akhombise ukuthi ake aba nawo) umthamo wesibili, kuchaza uDkt Townes. Ngokwe-CDC , laba basebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, abahambi bamazwe aphesheya, nabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokubeletha abahlose ukukhulelwa banengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola amagciwane.
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola amarekhodi akho futhi ungazifuneli izihloko, enye inketho ukuthi uqhubeke nje bese uthola isibhamu. Kuphephe ngokuphelele futhi kwamukelekile ukuphinda umuthi wokugoma, kusho uGoodin.
Imiphumela emibi ye-booster ye-MMR mincane futhi ifaka ukucasuka kwesiza somjovo, ukuqina okuhlangene, umkhuhlane, nokuqubuka okuncane. Yize kungavamile, ukusabela okweqile kungenzeka ngakho-ke ungawutholi umuthi wokugoma we-MMR uma unegciwane ku-neomycin.
Yiziphi ezinye izithuthukisi abantu abadala abazidingayo?
I- I-CDC incoma imithi yokugoma elandelayo yabantu abadala nabadala:
- I-papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV)
- Umkhuhlane
- Inyumoniya
- Amaswazi
- I-Tetanus, diphtheria, ne-pertussis booster (njalo eminyakeni eyi-10)
Uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu ungadinga imigomo ye-hepatitis noma i-meningitis futhi. Thola ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokugoma ongonga uma usebenzisa i-SingleCare lapha .
