I-Hepatitis 101: Ungakuvimbela kanjani-futhi-ukwelapha ukutheleleka

Imfundo Yezempilo

Kade uzizwa ukhathele ngokweqile futhi u-achy muva nje. Uphelelwe isifiso sokudla — futhi uhlangabezana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza, mhlawumbe ngomkhuhlane. Lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zomkhuhlane wonyaka, noma esinye isifo esibi kakhulu (njenge-COVID-19). Kepha, uma uphinde wabona ukuphuzi kwamehlo akho noma kwesikhumba, kungaba yi-hepatitis.

Kuyisimo esivamile. Kusukela ngo-2017, 3.3 million abantu baphila ne-hepatitis yegciwane kuphela, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Futhi kungaba kubucayi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele. Funda izinto ezinobungozi besifo sokusha kwesibindi, nokuthi ungasinqanda kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ungenwa yilesi sifo.

Siyini isifo sokusha kwesibindi?

I-hepatitis isho ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Igciwane liyimbangela evame kakhulu yalesi simo — kodwa futhi lingabangelwa ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma utshwala, ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo, noma isifo esingalapheki.

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-hepatitis ebukhali ingaholela ekuqhumeni kwesibindi, isifo esingapheli sesibindi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi, noma kudinge ukufakelwa kwesibindi.

Izinhlobo zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo

Lapho abantu becabanga nge-hepatitis, bavame ukucabanga ngokutheleleka ngegciwane okukhomba isibindi, kusho URobert Fontana , MD, umqondisi wezokwelapha wokufakelwa kwesibindi eNyuvesi yaseMichigan. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-hepatitis yegciwane.

1. I-Hepatitis A ibangelwa igciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A (HAV) futhi imvamisa iyazihlanza yodwa emva kwamasonto ambalwa. Izimpawu ziyefana nezomkhuhlane, yize abanye abantu bethuka njengabangenalutho.
2. I-Hepatitis B ibangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV) futhi imvamisa iyazihlanza yodwa emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okuqhubeka ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kubhekwa njengesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi i-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo), isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nohudo, yize abanye abantu bevela njengabangenalutho.
3. IHepatitis C ibangelwa igciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C (HCV) futhi lizisula lodwa kumacala angaba ngu-20%. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi i-jaundice, ukukhathala, nobuhlungu obuhlangene, kepha i-hepatitis C ebucayi ingaholela ekuqhumeni kwesifo noma isifo sesibindi ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
4. IHepatitis D ibangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis D (HDV) futhi ingaba yimihlalakhona. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi i-jaundice, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nesicanucanu, yize abanye abantu bevela njenge-asymptomatic. I-Hepatitis D yenzeka kuphela kulabo abane-hepatitis B, okwenza kube uhlobo olungavamile lwe-hepatitis.
5. I-Hepatitis E ibangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis E (HEV) futhi ijwayele ukuziphungula yodwa emva kwamasonto ambalwa. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi i-jaundice, ukungathandi ukudla, umchamo omnyama, nobuhlungu besisu. I-hepatitis E ivame ukusakazwa ngamanzi okuphuza angcolile, okwenza kube okungajwayelekile emazweni athuthukile.

Kodwa-ke, zikhona ezinye izindlela lapho isibindi singavutha khona — njengezinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi, amatshe enyongo, nokuphuza ngokweqile.

• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esidakayo kubangelwa ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala futhi kudinga ukuyeka kanye / noma ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ukusula. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi i-jaundice nokugcinwa koketshezi, kepha abantu abaningi baveza njengokungenazimpawu.
• I-hepatitis ezenzakalelayo kubangelwa lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela isibindi. Leli fomu alipheli. Izimpawu zifaka ukukhathala nobuhlungu obuhlangene nobesisu.
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalo utshwala ayinayo imbangela eyaziwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nohlobo 2 sikashukela yizinto eziyingozi. Izimpawu zivamile, kepha zingafaka ukukhathala.

E-United States, amacala e-hepatitis A, B, C, kanye ne-hepatitis enotshwala, yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba Wonke ( I-WHO ) ulinganisela ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-325 emhlabeni wonke bane-hepatitis B kanye / noma uC.

Ukudluliswa

Indlela i-hepatitis esakazeka ngayo iyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo ze-hepatitis.

Ukudluliswa kwesibindi kohlobo lwegciwane

I-Hepatitis A no-E zivame ukudluliselwa ngomlomo lapho isiguli simunca leli gciwane ngokudla noma ngesiphuzo — imvamisa kungcoliswa indle yomuntu onalo.

IHepatitis B, C, noD zivame ukusatshalaliswa uma kushintshaniswa uketshezi lomzimba phakathi komuntu onegciwane kanye nomunye umuntu. Lokho kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana: ukuzala kumama onegciwane, ukuya ocansini nomuntu onegciwane, ukwabelana ngenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu (okungukuthi, izinsingo) noma imishini yezokwelapha, njengabahloli be-glucose. I-Hepatitis B ivame ukudluliswa ngokuxhumana ngocansi noma ngomama onegciwane ayidlulisele enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ingasakazeka nangemijovo eyabiwe esebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokungemthetho.

Esikubonayo ukuthi uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa, unamathuba amakhulu okuthola i-hepatitis C komunye umuntu ngoba abantu babelana ngezinaliti, kusho uDkt Fontana. Uthi kunabantu abalinganiselwa ku-1 million ngonyaka abazama izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, okuholele ekutheni kusanda kuvela isincomo kusuka eU.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) yokuthi bonke abantu abadala bahlolelwa okungenani kanye i-hepatitis.

Okunye ukudluliswa kwesibindi

Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sokusha kwesibindi azisabalalisi umuntu nomuntu. Zibangelwa izimo zezokwelapha noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Utshwala bungobunye ubuthi besibindi obuvame kakhulu, kanti isifo sokusha kwesibindi esidalwa ukuphuza ngokweqile ukukhathazeka ngokweqiniso phakathi kochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Ukulimala kwesibindi kotshwala kwanda kakhulu kuyo yonke iminyaka yobudala, kodwa ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha, kuchaza uDkt. Fontana. Abantu abasha bavame ukucabanga ukuthi abanakunqotshwa, kodwa sibonile abantu lapha esibhedlela abaneminyaka engama-25-30 ubudala izibindi zabo ezifa.

Ukuqhubeka nalokhu kukhathazeka, ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi senkinga ye-COVID-19 kukhuphuke kakhulu ngenkathi abantu besekhaya futhi bengasebenzi, kunezela uDkt Fontana. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ngoba basekhaya, bezizwa belungile, futhi bengaphuzi, akudingeki bakhathazeke, kepha ukuvuvukala okukhulu kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi. Njengodokotela, ngikhathazeke kakhulu ngalokho, kusho uDkt. Fontana. Ungaba nokulimala kwesibindi ngotshwala, futhi uma ulinda uze uthole i-jaundiced, lelo yifomu elibi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis nemithi

Zonke izinhlobo zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kungenzeka zelapheke, kepha ezinye izinhlobo azelapheki njalo, kusho U-Anthony Michaels , MD, i-hepatologist kanye noprofesa ohlangene we-Clinical Medicine e-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.

Amagciwane e-hepatitis angenziwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane uma engazicaceli eyedwa. Uma ubuthi budala ukuvuvukala, kumele bususwe esibindini. Uma kungenxa yenyongo noma okunye ukuvinjelwa ngaphandle kwesibindi, udokotela udinga ukuyikhulula ngomshini.

• I-Hepatitis A imvamisa iyazihlanza yodwa ngokuphumula okwanele.
• I-Hepatitis B ingazicacisa yodwa, kepha ukutheleleka okungapheli kudinga imishanguzo efana ne entecavir , i-adefovir dipivoxil , i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate , noma lamivudine .
• IHepatitis C yisibonelo esihle kunazo zonke se-hepatitis yegciwane elingaba khona kwelashwa futhi kwelashwa, njengoba ukwelashwa okungamahlalakhona kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C kuvame ukufaka imishanguzo yegciwane kanye neminye imithi, kufaka phakathi U-Epclusa , I-Promacta , Pegasys , noma Intron A .
• IHepatitis D ayinakho ukwelashwa okwaziwayo, kodwa ukugwema utshwala kungasiza ukuvimbela isimo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu.
• I-Hepatitis E imvamisa iyazihlanza yodwa ngokuphumula okwanele nangoketshezi.
• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esidakayo ukulimala kwesibindi kungahle kuguqulwe ngokulandela ukuyeka utshwala. Kwezinye izimo, ama-corticosteroids noma pentoxifylline ER kungadingeka.
• I-hepatitis ezenzakalelayo ingelashwa ngemithi elawula amasosha omzimba, kufaka phakathi umabhebhana noma Imuran .
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalo utshwala kungaguqulwa ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokwehlisa isisindo.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yemithi elwa namagciwane ibandakanya ukwethuka, ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokucasula esiswini.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-hepatitis yigama elijwayelekile, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukunquma indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha isimo sakho esithile.

Ukuvimbela

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis A kanye nokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B kungavinjelwa umuthi wokugoma . Izingane eziningi e-U.S. Zithola ukugonywa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A no-B ngaphambi kokuya esikoleni, kodwa lokho bekungeyona into ejwayelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma ungakhumbuli ukuthi ugonyiwe yini, umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B wanconywa ezinganeni ezineminyaka isesikoleni kusukela ngonyaka we-1994 kanye nomuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis A ngo-2006. Uma ungakagonyelwa lezi zinhlobo, cela udokotela wakho umuthi wokugomela ukubamba. Ngenkathi kunomuthi wokugoma ekuthuthukiseni i-hepatitis C, awukho okwamanje, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugwema izindlela zokuziphatha ezingakhuphula ubungozi besifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C.

Ngaphandle kokugonywa, ukwenza udokotela wakho azi ngomlando womndeni wezifo zesibindi kanye nokuqapha izici ezithile zokuziphatha kuyindlela engcono yokuvimbela i-hepatitis.

• I-Hepatitis A no-E: Geza izandla zakho ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nangaphambi kokudla. Phuza kuphela amanzi asemabhodleleni noma ahlanzekile emazweni asathuthuka.
• I-Hepatitis B no-C: Gqoka ikhondomu nabalingani ocansini futhi uvikele ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba negazi. Abesifazane abakhulelwe banengozi enkulu yokudlulisela ukutheleleka ngegciwane ezinganeni zabo. Ungabelani ngezinaliti noma izinto zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu (kufaka phakathi izinsingo namabhulashi wamazinyo) bese uthola ama-tattoos noma ukubhoboza kuphela kusuka kumabhizinisi ahlanzekile, ahloniphekile.
• I-Hepatitis D: Indlela engcono yokugwema i-hepatitis D ukuvikela kanye / noma ukwelapha i-hepatitis B.
• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi esidakayo: Gwema ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ukusebenzisa kabi ukuphuza ngokweqile.
• I-hepatitis ezenzakalelayo: Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-hepatitis ezenzakalelayo, kepha ukuhlolwa kwempilo okujwayelekile kungasiza ukuxilonga lolu hlobo lwe-hepatitis kusenesikhathi.
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalutho: Bheka ukudla okudlayo, uvivinye umzimba njalo, futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo.

Indlela udokotela abona ngayo i-hepatitis ingokuhlolwa kwegazi nangokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma unengozi, njengokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifakwa emithanjeni, ucansi olungavikelekile, noma ukusebenzisa kakhulu utshwala, cela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi akuhlolele i-hepatitis C. Abantu abafuni ukutshela odokotela babo ukuthi baphuza kangakanani noma benza izidakamizwa, kepha usengacela ukuhlolelwa i-hepatitis.

OKUSHIWO: Izinto ezi-5 okungafanele uzigcine kudokotela wakho

Ekugcineni, ungaba nesimo sesibindi kodwa ungazi, kusho uDkt Fontana. Ngesifo senhliziyo, wonke umuntu uyazi ngobuhlungu besifuba ne-cholesterol. Isifo sesibindi siyimfihlakalo ethe xaxa kubantu abaningi. Njengochwepheshe wesibindi, uma abantu bengabuza nje umbuzo lapho bebona udokotela wabo, kunezinto eziningi ezilaphekayo esingazenza.