Yini ebangela i-potassium ephansi?
Imfundo YezempiloNgokungangabazeki uzwile ukuthi i-apula ngosuku ligcina udokotela engekho. Kepha kuthiwani ngobhanana ngosuku? Umzimba wakho udinga i-potassium ukuze usebenze. Ngenye yezimbiwa ezibalulekile empilweni . Kuyasiza ukulawula ibhalansi yoketshezi lomzimba wakho, kugcina uhlelo lomzimba wakho lwe-electrolyte, kunciphisa umfutho wegazi, futhi kwehlisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi.
Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa nge-potassium, izindaba zebhalansi.
I-potassium eningi kakhulu, ebizwa nge-hyperkalemia, ingadala ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukulahleka kokusebenza kwemisipha, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okuphuzile. I-potassium encane kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypokalemia, ingadala ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukudumba kwemisipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokuqaqamba — kungadala nokukhubazeka nokuhluleka ukuphefumula.
Izinga eliphansi le-potassium lingadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo , njenge-high blood pressure namatshe ezinso, yingakho kusiza ukwazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu ze-potassium ephansi nokuthi yini engase ikubangele. Ngenhlanhla, uvame ukukhuphula amazinga e-potassium uwedwa ngokudla futhi ukwengeza . Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi.
Yini ebhekwa njenge-potassium ephansi?
Amazinga aphansi e-potassium amazinga egazi e-potassium angaphansi kuka-3.5 mEq / L; ngaphansi kuka-2.5 mEq / L kungasongela impilo. Amazinga ajwayelekile e-potassium, kubantu abaningi, aphakathi kuka-3.5 no-5.0 mEq ilitha ngalinye (mEq / L), ngokusho Ukuvuselelwa kwemitholampilo ka-2018 . Noma yini engaphezulu kuka-5.0 mEq / L ithathwa njengephakeme, futhi amazinga angaphezu kuka-6.0 angaba yingozi futhi angahle adinge usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.
Qaphela: I-Hypokalemia ayijwayelekile kubantu abasebenza izinso okujwayelekile.
Abantu abaningi abayi kudokotela ngezinga eliphansi le-potassium noma ngoba bacabanga ukuthi bangama-hypokalemic. Imvamisa kutholakala lapho wenza umsebenzi wegazi ngenxa yokuthi unezimpawu zokunye ukugula, okufana nesifo se-adrenal, noma lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi welebhu ojwayelekile, okuvame ukudingeka uma uthatha umchamo.
Yiziphi ezinye zezimpawu ze-potassium ephansi?
Abantu abaningi abazitholi izimpawu ze-hypokalemia ize ibe nzima, futhi inani le-potassium lehle ngaphansi kuka-3.0 mEq / L.
Abantu abanokushoda okuphakathi kwe-potassium bangathola:
- Ukuqunjelwa
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukukhathala
- Umuzwa ojwayelekile we-malaise
Izimpawu zokushoda kakhulu kwe-potassium zifaka:
- Imisipha iyashwiba
- Amajaqamba emisipha
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukukhubazeka
- Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- Izinkinga zezinso
- Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukuqunjelwa nokuqunjelwa
- Ukukhathala
- Ukulimala noma ukuba ndikindiki
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukuquleka
Itholakala kanjani i-hypokalemia?
I-potassium ephansi akusona isifo uqobo lwayo, kepha kunalokho iyisifo sesimo esingaphansi noma isifo. Lapho kutholakala i-potassium ephansi, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwegazi kungahlola i-glucose, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, ama-hormone e-thyroid, ne-aldosterone. Udokotela wakho angaphinde a-ode i i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukuhlola umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni yakho.
Kunezinhloso ezine eziyinhloko lapho welapha amazinga aphansi e-potassium:
- Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-potassium
- Ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwe-potassium
- Ukuhlolwa kobungozi obungaba khona
- Ukunqunywa kwesizathu, ukuvimbela iziqephu ezizayo
Kubalulekile futhi ukwelapha izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo noma ukuqeda imbangela. Isibonelo, uma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-laxatives kubangela i-hypokalemia, ukubhekana nezidingo zomzimba noma ezingokwengqondo zama-laxatives kufanele kube yingxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa. Uma isiguli sidinga ukukhishwa isisu, udokotela waso angaxoxa ngokufakwa esikhundleni okuvumela i-potassium ukuthi ihlale emzimbeni (i-potassium-sparing diuretic) noma inikeze izithasiselo zansuku zonke ze-potassium.
Kubantu abane-potassium ephansi ngokweqile, udokotela angancoma ukwelashwa ngemithambo.
Yini ebangela i-potassium ephansi?
Ngenkathi i-potassium iyisakhi somzimba esisithola ekudleni, ukudla kukodwa akuvamile ukudala i-hypokalemia. Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona ze-hypokalemia kanye nabantu abathile abanengozi eyengeziwe yokushoda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlanza njalo noma isifo sohudo (kufaka phakathi i-bulimia noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-laxative)
- Ukujuluka okweqile
- Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala
- Ukudla okunomsoco nokunye ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo , njengokushoda kwe-magnesium noma i-folic acid
- Izinkinga ze-adrenal, ezifana nesifo sikaCushing
- Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
- Ukuphazamiseka okungajwayelekile, njenge-Liddle syndrome, i-Bartter's syndrome, i-Gitelman syndrome
- Umdlavuza wegazi
- Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo
- Abantu abane-pica (ikakhulukazi uma bedla ubumba, njengoba ubumba lubopha i-potassium emgodini wamathumbu futhi lungadala ukukhuphuka kwe-potassium)
- Abantu abathatha imishanguzo ethile, njenge-diuretics
I-hypokalemia eyenziwe ngemithi
Imithi ethile kungadala namazinga aphansi e-potassium, kufaka phakathi:
- Izidakamizwa: Cishe i-80% yabantu abathatha isisu banesifo se-potassium ngenxa yokwanda kokuchama. Izidakamizwa, noma amaphilisi amanzi, angabhalwa ezigulini ezine-high blood pressure, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, nesifo sezinso. Izidakamizwa isisusa esivame kakhulu se-hypokalemia.
- Ama-laxatives: Ama-laxatives angadala ukulahleka kwe-potassium esitokisini.
- Izidakamizwa ze-beta-adrenergic agonist: Ama-bronchodilators, ama-steroids, noma i-theophylline (asetshenziselwa i-asthma, i-emphysema, ne-COPD) angathinta i-serum potassium ne-glucose egazini.
- Ama-antibiotic athile: Ngemithamo emikhulu, amanye ama-antibiotic angakhuphula ukuphuma kwe-potassium ngezinso.
- I-insulini: Imithamo emikhulu ye-insulin, engalaphaI-HyperosmolarI-HyperglycemicI-Nonketotic Syndrome(HHNS), isimo esiyingozi esidalwa amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini,zivame ukulekelelwa nge-potassium efakwa emithanjeni.
Ingabe i-potassium ephansi iyingozi?
IHypokalemia ingafaka isandla, noma ibangele ezinye izingqinamba zezempilo, kufaka phakathi:
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Amatshe ezinso
- Ukuncipha kwamaminerali amathambo
- Ukungabekezelelani kwe-glucose ngengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
- Ukukhishwa kwe-calcium yomchamo
- Ukuzwela kasawoti
Amazinga aphansi kakhulu e-potassium angadala izimo zempilo ezinzima kakhulu, njengezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo, futhi angadala nenhliziyo yakho ukuthi ime.
OKUSHIWO: Izimpawu ze-13 zezinkinga zenhliziyo okufanele zikhathazeke ngazo
Ungawanyusa kanjani amazinga e-potassium
Ezimweni ezimnene ze-hypokalemia, amazinga e-potassium angajwayelekile phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwanda kokudla kwe-potassium. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udla ukudla okwanele nge-potassium nsuku zonke kungasiza ukukhulisa nokugcina amazinga e-potassium anempilo. Ukunconywa kwe-potassium nsuku zonke, ngokusho kwe- Izifundiswa Zikazwelonke Zesayensi, Ubunjiniyela Nezokwelapha (NASEM) yile:
- Abantu abadala abaphilile: 3,400 mg ngosuku kwabesilisa, 2,600 kwabesifazane (abaneminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu)
- Intsha eneminyaka engu-14 kuya kwengu-18 ubudala: 3,000 mg wesilisa, 2,300 mg wesifazane
- Izingane ezineminyaka engu-9 kuya ku-13: 2,500 mg wesilisa, 2,300 mg wesifazane
- Izingane ezineminyaka engu-4 kuya ku-8: 2,300 mg wesilisa, 2,300 mg wesifazane
- Izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya ku-3: 2,000 mg wabesilisa nabesifazane
- Izingane ezineminyaka engu-7 kuya kwezingu-12 izinyanga: 860 mg wabesilisa nabesifazane
- Ukuzalwa izinyanga eziyisithupha: 400 mg kwabesilisa nabesifazane
Ukudla okunothe nge-potassium
Ukudla okuyisihlanu okuphezulu kakhulu emazingeni e-potassium yilawa:
Ukudla okunothe nge-potassium | Usayizi wokukhonza | Inani le-potassium | Amaphesenti inani lansuku zonke * |
Amabhilikosi omisiwe | ½ inkomishi | 1,101 mg | 32.3% -42.3% |
Amalenti aphekiwe | 1 inkomishi | 731 mg | 21.5% -28.1% |
Ama-prune omisiwe | ½ inkomishi | 699 mg | 20.5% -26.8% |
I-squash acorn squash | 1 inkomishi | 644 mg | 18.9% -24.7% |
Omisiwe | ½ inkomishi | 618 mg | 18.1% -23.7% |
* Okwabadala
Okunye ukudla okuphezulu kwe-potassium kufaka:
- Amazambane abhakiwe
- Ubhontshisi wezinso
- Amawolintshi / Ijusi lewolintshi
- Ubhontshisi weSoya
- Ubhanana
- Ukotapeya
- Igatsha
- Izaqathe
- Ubisi
- Ibhitela lamantongomane
- Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
- Isipinashi
- Utamatisi
- Amagciwane kakolweni
Izithako ze-potassium
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhulisa amazinga e-potassium ngokushesha ukuthatha isithasiselo se-potassium, iningi laso elitholakala ngaphandle kwe-counter, uthi ULinda Girgis , MD, udokotela womndeni oqinisekiswe yibhodi emisebenzini yangasese eSouth River, eNew Jersey. Lapho izinga selifinyelele ezingeni elijwayelekile, ungahle ukwazi ukuyeka izithasiselo futhi ugcine amazinga e-potassium ngokudla.
Ukuthatha izithasiselo, noma kunjalo, kungaba yingozi. Izithako ze-potassium zingadala imiphumela emibi emathunjini noma amazinga aphezulu kakhulu we-potassium.
Ukuba namazinga e-potassium aphakeme kakhulu kungaba yingozi njengalapho ephansi kakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukweqisa kungaholela kuma-arrhythmias enhliziyo nakwezinye izinkinga, kusho uDkt. Girgis. Kungcono ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho lapho uthatha izithasiselo ukuze amazinga akho e-potassium abhekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asendaweni ephephile.
Izengezo ezithengiswa ekhawunteni kungenzeka zinganele uma izinga lakho le-potassium liphansi kakhulu.I-FDA ikhawulela izengezo ezingaphansi kuka-100 mg we-potassium, okuyingxenye nje kuphela yokudla okunconywayo nsuku zonke. Odokotela bangakhipha isengezo esinamandla kakhulu se-potassium kwiziguli ezine-hypokalemia.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezithako ze-potassium:
- I-potassium chloride
- I-potassium citrate
- I-potassium phosphate
- I-potassium bicarbonate
- I-potassium aspartate
Kungaba yinselele ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo isengezo esihle kakhulu se-potassium kuwe. I-Potassium chloride isetshenziswa kakhulu kubantu abangenayo i-potassium, ngokusho kukaDkt. Girgis, I-potassium phosphate iyasiza uma isiguli sinayo i-phosphate. Uma isiguli sithanda amatshe ezinso, i-potassium citrate ingahle ibe wusizo ngoba i-citrate inganamathela ku-calcium emchameni, ivimbele ukwakheka kwe-crystal. Uncoma ukuthi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yiziphi izithasiselo.