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Izibalo zeSchizophrenia 2021

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Igama elithi schizophrenia livela kwimvelaphi yamaGrikhi, ne-schizo esho ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuphola okusho ingqondo. ISchizophrenia yehlukile ekuhlukaneni kobunikazi be-dissociative, phambilini obaziwa ngokuthi yi-split personality disorder, nokuyinto eyiphutha ejwayelekile. Kunezimpawu eziningi ze-schizophrenia, futhi abantu ngabanye bangazithola ngezindlela ezahlukene. Izibalo zeSchizophrenia zibonisa ukuthi ukugula okunzima kwengqondo kuvame ukukhula lapho usukhulile futhi yize izimpawu zimbi kakhulu ekuqaleni kwalesi simo, ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia iyatholakala futhi iyasebenza.

Yini i-schizophrenia?

ISchizophrenia yisifo esingamahlalakhona futhi esinzima sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esithinta imicabango yomuntu, imizwa yakhe nokuziphatha kwakhe. Lesi sifo sithinta umbono womuntu weqiniso, ukuxhumana nabantu, nezinqubo zokucabanga. Izimpawu ze-schizophrenia zifaka phakathi ukusangana — okungaba ukubukwa noma ukuzwakala (ukubona izinto ezingekho, amazwi ezwayo) -ukukhohlisa, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okukhombisa indlela engajwayelekile yokucabanga noma inkulumo engahlelekile, nobunzima ebudlelwaneni bezenhlalo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali okuthile ebuchosheni, izici zofuzo, nezici zemvelo njengokucindezelwa kwempilo isencane kuyizinto eziyingozi ze-schizophrenia. I- izinhlobo ezinkulu ye-schizophrenia ifaka i-paranoid schizophrenia, i-catatonic schizophrenia, i-schizophrenia engafani, nesifo se-schizoaffective.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezici zomzimba, zofuzo, ezengqondo nezemvelo zingenza umuntu abe sethubeni lokuthola lesi sifo, kusho UJudy Ho | , I-Ph.D., Udokotela we-neuropsychologist ozinze eCalifornia futhi ophethe iSuperCharged Life podcast. Isimo sisebenza emindenini, kepha asikho nesisodwa isakhi sofuzo esitholakale sinesibopho.

Izimpawu zeSchizophrenia

Izimpawu ezingezinhle yilezo ezisusa isimilo noma izinqubo ezithathwa njengezijwayelekile. UMelissa Mueller-Douglas , I-LMSW, owelapha e-University of Rochester Medical Center's Strong Ties Project ACT Team uchaza lezi zimpawu:

Ubumpofu bokukhuluma: Inkulumo encane noma ukunikeza izimpendulo ezimfishane emibuzweni.
I-Anhedonia: Ukungabi nenjabulo ezintweni ababejwayele ukuzijabulela, ukunciphisa izintshisekelo. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ukuzibandakanya emphakathini womuntu, kuthinte ikhwalithi yempilo.
Thinta ukusilela: Amandla anciphise kakhulu ekukhulumeni ngokomzwelo. Lokhu kungathinta ubudlelwane bomuntu siqu nomndeni nabangane.
Ukuntuleka kwesisusa: Umuntu angahle angabi nogqozi lwangaphakathi lokulandela imisebenzi empilweni yansuku zonke, njengokulungela ekuseni.

Izimpawu zeschizophrenia zingathinta ukuhamba kwempilo yansuku zonke njengokuthi, amandla abo okusebenza, babe nobudlelwano obusebenzayo, noma bazinakekele, kusho uHo. Abantu abane-psychotic state floridly cishe njalo babona imisebenzi yabo yokusebenza kwansuku zonke iwela eceleni kwendlela futhi kaningi izikhathi bazodinga ukungenelela okuhlelekile (okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo) ezimpilweni zabo eziningi ukugcina izimpawu zikhona futhi baqiniseke ukuthi ] ithimba likhona uma kwenzeka liqala kabusha.

Ivamile kangakanani i-schizophrenia?

ISchizophrenia ithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-20 emhlabeni jikelele. (Umthwalo Womhlaba Wonke Wezifo, 2017)
Inani laminyaka yonke lamacala amasha we-schizophrenia yi-1.5 kubantu abayi-10,000. ( Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Epidemiol , 2008)
ISchizophrenia ingenye yezimbangela ezi-15 ezihamba phambili zokukhubazeka emhlabeni jikelele. (Umthwalo Womhlaba Wonke Wezifo, 2016)
Cishe u-5% wabantu abane-schizophrenia bafa ngokuzibulala, imvamisa benengozi enkulu ekuqaleni kokugula kwengqondo. ( Izinqolobane zeGeneral Psychiatry, 2005)
Cishe ama-20% abantu abane-schizophrenia bazama ukuzibulala okungenani kanye. (Idolobhana Lokubuyisela, 2020)

Izibalo zeSchizophrenia e-United States

Ukusabalala kweschizophrenia phakathi kwabantu abadala base-U.S. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5 ngonyaka. (INational Alliance on Mental Illness, 2019)
I-Schizophrenia ivame ukutholakala kubantu abasha ngesikhathi seminyaka yabo yobudala esanda kweva eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili nezimpawu ezivame ukuvezwa ngaphambi kwabesilisa kunabesifazane. (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo Yengqondo, i-2018)
Impilo emaphakathi elahlekile yabantu abane-schizophrenia e-U.S. Yiminyaka engama-28.5. ( I-JAMA Psychiatry , 2015)

Izimpawu zengqondo kanye nokuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia ngohlanga-lobuhlanga

Ukusabalala kwezimpawu zokuzibika eziphathelene nengqondo kuphila kakhulu kubantu abamnyama baseMelika (21.1%), kumaLatino American (19.9%), nakwabamhlophe baseMelika (13.1%). ( Izinsizakalo Zengqondo , 2013)
Ukudlanga kwempilo yonke kwezimpawu zokuzibika zengqondo kunciphe kakhulu kubantu base-Asia baseMelika (5.4%). ( Izinsizakalo Zengqondo , 2013)
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abamnyama baseMelika banamathuba aphindwe kathathu noma amane kunabamhlophe baseMelika ukuthola ukuxilongwa kweSchizophrenia. ( Ijenali Yomhlaba Yezengqondo , 2014)

Izibalo zeSchizophrenia kanye nodlame

Iziguli ezitholwe zine-schizophrenia zinamathuba aphindwe kane kuya kwayisithupha okwenza ubugebengu obunodlame kunabantu abaningi. ( Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yezazi Zemitholampilo Nezempilo Yengqondo , 2015)
I-6% yezenzo zokubulala zenziwa yiziguli ze-schizophrenia emazweni aseNtshonalanga. ( Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Yezazi Zemitholampilo Nezempilo Yengqondo , 2015)
Ucwaningo olulodwa eSweden lwathola ukuthi i-13.2% yeziguli ezine-schizophrenia okungenani zinecala elilodwa elinodlame. ( Ijenali ye-American Medical Association , 2009)
Eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala yokuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia (noma okuhlobene), abesilisa abayi-10.7% no-2.7% wabesifazane batholwa benecala lobudlova eSweden. ( ILancet Psychiatry , 2014)
Izinga lokoniwa okunodlame phakathi kweziguli ezine-schizophrenia kanye nezifo ezihlobene nalo belicishe liphindwe kahlanu kunezingane zakubo futhi licishe liphindwe kasikhombisa kunabantu abafanayo kubantu baseSweden. ( ILancet Psychiatry , 2014)

Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngokubambisana kanye ne-schizophrenia

Abantu abane-schizophrenia bangaba nezimo zezokwelapha ezenzeka ngokubambisana. Izibalo ezilandelayo zimelela iphesenti labantu abane-schizophrenia abanenkinga ebekiwe ebambisene yempilo yengqondo:

Izimpawu zokucindezeleka: 30% -54%
Isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele: 29%
Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukucindezela: 23%
Ukuphazamiseka kovalo: 15%

(Idolobhana Lokubuyisela, 2020)

Ukwelapha i-schizophrenia

Ngeshwa, idlanzana labantu abane-schizophrenia (31%) likhonjwe njengabathola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuphakamisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye ezimbili kwezintathu bahlushwa igebe ekwelashweni; amaphesenti aphakeme kakhulu abantu abangalutholi ukunakekelwa atholakele awela kubantu abahola kancane, ngokusho kwe- Umbiko we-World Health Organization .

Cishe wonke umuntu okutholakala ukuthi une-schizophrenia uzodinga ukwelashwa ngemithi, imvamisa ngemithi yokulwisana nengqondo, kusho uHo. Uthi ama-antipsychotic e-atypical angakwazi ukuphatha izimpawu ze-schizophrenia ezinjengokusangana nokukhohlisa.

Njengamanje, i-clozapine iyi-antipsychotic ephumelela kunazo zonke maqondana nokuphatha i-schizophrenia engazweli ekwelashweni, futhi izikhathi eziningi, iziguli kuzodingeka zidlule okungenani ezivivinyweni zemithi ezehlukene ukuthola uhlobo olufanele lwemithi nomthamo wazo, kuchaza uHo.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni iziguli ze-schizophrenic, ngokusho kukaHo. Uyachaza ukuthi i-CBT ifundisa isiguli ukuthi siyilawula kanjani imicabango yabo nokuziphatha kwabo futhi sikhombe izimbangela zesiqephu se-psychotic.

Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kubantu abane-schizophrenia. Izimpawu zeSchizophrenia zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu esigabeni sokuqala sokugula, okuyilapho ingozi yokuzibulala iphezulu kakhulu. Iningi labantu abane-schizophrenia liba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, hhayi ngokubi. Empeleni, amashumi amabili% labantu bazobangcono kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu bethola izimpawu. Ngoba i-schizophrenia ingahle ibe ufuzo, abantu abanamalungu omndeni abane-schizophrenia noma umlando wezimpawu zengqondo bangafuna izinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo ukuthola i-schizophrenia futhi baqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.