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Umkhuhlane A vs. B: Yikuphi okubi kakhulu?

Imfundo Yezempilo

Iqala kancane. Ungase uvuke ngomphimbo ocasulayo okitazayo kanye nekhala eligobayo, noma ungazizwa unamahloni athe xaxa usuku lonke kunokujwayelekile. Kepha kukhona okunye okusendleleni. Wehla uphethwe umkhuhlane, amakhaza, umzimba ubuhlungu, futhi ugcwele usofa umkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane usuphenduke igama elibanzi elisetshenziswa ngabantu ukuchaza ngokungafanele izifo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene. Sivame ukuzwa abantu bethi oh, ngehle ngomkhuhlane wesisu ngesonto eledlule, noma izingane zithole umkhuhlane wamahora angama-24. Kodwa umkhuhlane usho izinhlobo ezine zamagciwane omkhuhlane (A, B, C, no-D), umkhuhlane ovelele kakhulu u-A nomkhuhlane uB.

Umkhuhlane A ungathelela abantu nezilwane. Ezimweni eziningi, kuhlotshaniswa nobhadane lwesizini e-United States (aka umkhuhlane inkathi ) kanye nobhadane lomhlaba jikelele. Ihlala ishintsha njalo, ngakho-ke inezinhlayiya ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane wezinyoni odumile (umkhuhlane wezinyoni) kanye umkhuhlane wezingulube . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhuhlane B unezinhlobo ezimbili ezincane (iVictoria neYamagata), ezenzeka, ikakhulu, kubantu kuphela futhi ziguquka kancane, ngakho-ke akuyona ingozi yobhadane ngempela.

Funda ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ophelele walezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane omkhuhlane.

Izimbangela

Umkhuhlane A

Uhlobo lokudluliswa oluvame kakhulu ukwenzeka ngamaconsi amancane akhiwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhuluma, ethimula, ekhwehlela noma ephefumulela phezulu. Uhlobo lwe-A nalo (yize kungavamile kakhulu) lwenziwe ngokuthintana ne- isilwane esinegciwane , njengenyoni noma ingulube. Umkhuhlane ungadluliselwa nangezinto ezingaphili uma umuntu ogulayo eyingcolisa, njengebhande lomnyango.

Umkhuhlane B

Njengamagciwane omkhuhlane A, uhlobo lomkhuhlane iB ludluliselwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthintana namaconsi lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula noma ekhuluma. Izilwane azivamisile ukungenwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane iB, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile azithathwa njengezithwali.

Izimbangela zomkhuhlane A vs. B
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Xhumana namaconsi avela kumuntu onalesi sifo Ukuxhumana nezilwane ezinegciwane (okungajwayelekile)	Xhumana namaconsi avela kumuntu onalesi sifo

OKUSHIWO: Ingabe umkhuhlane uhamba emoyeni? Funda ukuthi umkhuhlane usakazeka kanjani

Ukudlanga

Umkhuhlane A

Umkhuhlane A uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomkhuhlane. Kubika i- cishe ama-75% esifo esiphelele segciwane lomkhuhlane , futhi kuyimbangela enkulu yomkhuhlane wonyaka ohlasela i-U.S. njalo ebusika. Lokho akusona isibalo esincane, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa i- Amacala ayizigidi ezingama-25 kuye kwangama-50 ezweni lonke minyaka yonke .

Ngenkathi yomkhuhlane ka-2018-19, iCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yahlola izinhlobo ezingama-1,145,555 zomkhuhlane, kwathi ngemiphumela emihle engu-177,039, ama-95% kwaba umkhuhlane A.

I-Influenza A iphinde ihlukaniswe ibe ama-subtypes asuselwa kumaprotheni amabili ebusweni begciwane elibizwa nge-hemagglutinin ne-neuraminidase. Ama-subtypes womabili ala maprotheni aholela ekuhlanganisweni okuningi okuhlukahlukene okungenzeka kanye nakwigciwane lomkhuhlane elihlukile u-A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuncane okudala ushintsho kulawa ma-protein angaphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungavumela lezi zinhlobo ukuthi zithuthukise ikhono lazo lokuthelela abantu isizini ngayinye. Lesi sici siletha izinselelo ekubikezeleni igciwane lomkhuhlane i-A elisakazeka kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuthatha isinqumo ngokwakhiwa komuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ezinyangeni ezingaphambi kwenkathi yangempela yomkhuhlane. Zonke lezi zinto ngokuhlangene zifaka isandla ekuveleni kokutheleleka ngegciwane lomkhuhlane i-A isizini ngayinye.

Umkhuhlane B

Vele, izinombolo namaphesenti zingahluka kuye ngesizini. Isibonelo, izigaba zokuqala zesizini yomkhuhlane we-2019-2020 zabona Umkhuhlane B njengohlobo oluvame kakhulu , ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane.

Kepha eminyakeni eminingi, kuthatha isihlalo sangemuva ukuthayipha A. Ayisakazeki kalula ngoba iguquka kancane futhi inezinhlokwana ezimbili kuphela: iVictoria neYamagata. Ngokwesilinganiso, noma kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-B lokutheleleka lwe-akhawunti lucishe lube ngu-25% wamacala omkhuhlane aphelele.

Ukudlanga komkhuhlane A vs. B
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Cishe ama-75% azo zonke izimo zomkhuhlane (ngokwesilinganiso)	Cishe ama-25% azo zonke izimo zomkhuhlane (ngokwesilinganiso) Kuvame kakhulu futhi kubi kakhulu ezinganeni

Izimpawu

Umkhuhlane A

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane A zivame ukufana kungakhathalekile uhlobo lwangaphansi. Okuvame kakhulu ukuphuma kwamakhala, umqala obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathala.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuqina kwabo. Izimpawu zohlobo A zivame ukuqina futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziholele ekulalisweni esibhedlela noma ngisho nasekufeni. Ngokusho kwe-CDC.gov, umkhuhlane A ubhekele ama-95.5% azo zonke izibhedlela ezibanjwa umkhuhlane ngenkathi yesizini ka-2018-19.

Umkhuhlane B

Uhlobo B lubangela izimpawu ezifanayo kulezo ezibalwe ngenhla, kodwa ngokuvamile azithambile. Kodwa-ke, isenamandla okwanda ebukhali, okudala ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni .

Umkhuhlane A vs. B izimpawu

Umkhuhlane A

Umkhuhlane B

Iphunga eligijimayo
Umphimbo obuhlungu
Imfiva
Amakhaza
Ubuhlungu bomzimba
Khwehlela
Ukuphathwa ikhanda
Ukukhathala
Ukungakhululeki kwesifuba

Iphunga eligijimayo
Umphimbo obuhlungu
Imfiva
Amakhaza
Ubuhlungu bomzimba
Khwehlela
Ukuphathwa ikhanda
Ukukhathala
Ukungakhululeki kwesifuba

(Izimpawu zingaba nzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane A)

OKUSHIWO: ICoronavirus (COVID-19) vs. umkhuhlane uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhuhlane

Ukuxilongwa

Umkhuhlane A

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Uma umhlinzeki ekhomba izimpawu nezimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile futhi kunomsebenzi womkhuhlane ojikelezayo emphakathini wendawo, kungenzeka a-oda ukuhlolwa ukuze aqinisekise ukutholwa. Njalo ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane kudinga umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi aswayise ikhala lesiguli noma kwesinye isikhathi umphimbo.

Isivivinyo esisheshayo futhi esivame kakhulu ukuvivinywa komkhuhlane okusheshayo (i-RIDT). Imiphumela ithatha imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15, kepha ingahle ingabi naphutha kunolunye uvivinyo. Futhi, ama-RIDTs awahlinzeki ngemininingwane mayelana nama-subtypes womkhuhlane A.

Izilingo ezisheshayo zamangqamuzana nazo zivame ukuhlolwa kwehhovisi. Zithatha isikhathi eside kancane kepha zinembe kakhulu kunamanye ama-RIDTs ngokuthi kunamathuba amancane esivivinyo esikhiqiza i-negative negative noma i-positive positive.

Uma umhlinzeki edinga imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezinto zofuzo zegciwane kanye nobunzima, angahle athumele i-swab ebhodini ukuthola izivivinyo zamangqamuzana ezijulile ezingahlukanisa umkhuhlane i-A subtypes.

Amagciwane wohlobo lwenoveli A, ngokuvamile aphathwa yizilwane, awavami ukuvela kokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo, okutholakalayo okuthengiswayo. Uma umhlinzeki esola igciwane leveli, kufanele axoxe ngokutholakala kokuhlolwa kwe-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) neminyango yezempilo yasekhaya neyesifundazwe. Isiko lamagciwane singesinye futhi isivivinyo esitholakalayo esingajwayelekile ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinqumo zokwelashwa, kepha ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwamagciwane. Isiko livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha amagciwane womkhuhlane A noma B okungenzeka ukuthi angabhekwa njengemithi yokugoma yenkathi yomkhuhlane elandelayo.

Umkhuhlane B

Njengohlobo A, ukuxilongwa kuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba, kwesinye isikhathi okwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa. Kepha ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka kaningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe.

Ngisho noma uhlobo B luvame ukuba yigciwane elingaxakeki kangako, Ama-RIDTs awazweli kangako kuma-antigen awo , ngakho-ke lezi zivivinyo azihlali zinembile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, udokotela angayalela ukuhlolwa okuqinile uma besola ukutheleleka kohlobo B.

Ukuxilongwa komkhuhlane A vs. B
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa komkhuhlane okusheshayo (i-RIDT) Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana Isiko legciwane Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (uma udokotela esola uhlobo lwenoveli A uhlobo)	Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa komkhuhlane okusheshayo (i-RIDT) Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana Isiko legciwane

Ukwelashwa

Umkhuhlane A

Ngeshwa, akukho ukwelashwa okuzoqeda nya igciwane lomkhuhlane. Kepha kunezindlela zokuphatha izimpawu zayo nokunciphisa ubude bayo.

Iningi labantu limane lizingele phansi ngamakhambi asekhaya njengamanzi amaningi, ukuphumula okuningi, isobho lenkukhu elenziwe ekhaya, nokunciphisa izinhlungu okufana ibuprofen (Motrin) futhi i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) . Lokhu kuvame ukusebenza ngempumelelo, kepha kuphela ekunciphiseni izimpawu zomkhuhlane.

Kubantu abanomkhuhlane A abayingxenye yamaqembu asengozini enkulu yezinkinga (izingane, asebekhulile, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha), noma abanezimpawu ezinzima, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangahle banikeze umuthi we-antiviral I-Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) , I-Relenza (zanamivir) , noma iRapivab (peramivir). Le mithi ngeke ilisuse leli gciwane, kepha izokwehlisa ikhono layo lokunamathisela kumaseli iphinde iqhubeke iphinde iziphindaphinde, okunganciphisa ubude bayo nokuvimbela ezinye izinkinga. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu uma zithathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-48 wokugula.

Umkhuhlane B

Ukwelashwa kohlobo B kucishe kufane nokwelashwa kohlobo A. Impendulo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuvumela ukugula kuqhubeke ngenkathi kudla uketshezi, ukuphumula nokuthatha imishanguzo yokuthenga.

Ngoba umkhuhlane B ngokuvamile awunamandla kangako, kungahle kungadingi imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane, yize abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo besengabanikeza abantu abasengozini enkulu.

Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane A vs. B
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Amakhambi asekhaya (uketshezi, ukuphumula, ukudambisa izinhlungu kwe-OTC) Ama-antivirals kadokotela	Amakhambi asekhaya (uketshezi, ukuphumula, ukudambisa izinhlungu kwe-OTC) Ama-antivirals kadokotela

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa nemikhuhlane yomkhuhlane

Izici zobungozi

Umkhuhlane A

Umkhuhlane A awumnandi kumuntu ojwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, kungaba yingozi kubantu abadala (65 noma ngaphezulu), izingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka, noma abantu abanesimo sempilo esingapheli (njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, noma i-asthma).

Umkhuhlane B

Izici zobungozi bokutheleleka kohlobo B nezinkinga zifana kakhulu, yize umkhuhlane B uvame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Umkhuhlane A vs. B ubungozi
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Uneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu Iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphansi Ukukhulelwa Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile Izimo ezingalapheki (isifuba somoya, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, njll.) Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka	Uneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu Iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphansi Ukukhulelwa Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile Izimo ezingalapheki (isifuba somoya, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, njll.) Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

OKUSHIWO: Imaphi amaqembu asengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane?

Ukuvimbela

Umkhuhlane A

Isu elilodwa eliphumelelayo lokuvikela umkhuhlane ngempumelelo (nokuphila okunempilo ngokujwayelekile) ukukhawulela ukuvezwa okungaba khona. Lokhu kusho ukugeza izandla , ukugwema ukuxhumana okunwetshiwe nabantu abanegciwane, ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezinesifo, njll. Noma ngubani osevele wehla nomkhuhlane A angasiza ekunqandeni ukusabalala kwawo ngokuhlala ekhaya nokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula endololwaneni.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, umugqa wokuzivikela osebenza kakhulu umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili. Umuthi wokugoma ovikelekile uvikela imikhuhlane emibili engu-A (H1N1 ne-H3N2) kanye nomkhuhlane owodwa we-B, kanti umuthi wokugomela i-quadrivalent uvimbela lezo zinhlobo ezintathu kanye nohlobo olulodwa lwe-B.

Izinkinga zomkhuhlane A (H3N2) zingashintsha ngokushesha, noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke izikhulu zezempilo kufanele zikulindele ukuvela kwazo minyaka yonke. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka kungasebenzi ngempumelelo ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka kohlobo A uma lokho kubikezela kuvaliwe.

Umkhuhlane B

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuzivikela (ukugeza izandla, ukugwema abantu abagulayo, njll.) Kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukutheleleka kohlobo B nokusabalala. Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngokuvamile ukubheja okuphephile komkhuhlane B, kepha kungahle kungabi umdlalo ophelele wonyaka.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda inkolelo evamile lapha. Ukuthola umkhuhlane ngeke kuthelele umuntu ngomkhuhlane A noma B. Imithi yokugoma iqukethe ama-virus afile noma iphrotheni elilodwa lomkhuhlane, noma esimweni somuthi wokugoma ngamakhala owenziwe buthaka igciwane eliphilayo, akukho nelilodwa lawo kwanele ukuthelela umuntu .

Ungawuvikela kanjani umkhuhlane A vs.
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Ukugwema abantu abagulayo Ukugeza izandla Ukuqeda amagciwane izindawo Ukulondoloza imikhuba yokudla enempilo, yokulala nokuvivinya umzimba Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka	Ukugwema abantu abagulayo Ukugeza izandla Ukuqeda amagciwane izindawo Ukulondoloza imikhuba yokudla enempilo, yokulala nokuvivinya umzimba Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka

Lapho uzobona udokotela womkhuhlane A noma B

Iningi labantu lizokhipha umkhuhlane lisuke ekhaya linezimpawu ezimnene ukuya kokuphakathi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungcono ukuvakashela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Noma ngubani onesici esisodwa noma eziningi zezingozi zezinkinga ezibalwe ngenhla kufanele acabangele ukubona uchwepheshe ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi akaguquki abe yisifo esinzima kakhulu noma isifo sokuphefumula.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungadingeka nakwabantu abanezimpawu ezinzima noma ezinde noma ezinye izinkinga njengokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi esingazelelwe, ukuhlanza, ukuqina kwentamo, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelana noMkhuhlane A no-B

Yikuphi okubi kakhulu: umkhuhlane A noma umkhuhlane B?

Uhlobo lomkhuhlane u-A nohlobo B luyafana, kepha uhlobo A luvame kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi lubanga kakhulu, futhi lungadala ubhadane lomkhuhlane nobhadane lwezifo.

Ingabe umkhuhlane yigciwane noma amagciwane?

I-Influenza A iyigciwane, noma ingahle ibe nezimpawu ezifanayo zezifo ezivamile zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-sinusitis.

Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umkhuhlane wohlobo A?

Izimpawu zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, yize zingahlala isikhathi esingangesonto elilodwa. Ukuthola umkhuhlane wangaphambi kokukhipha noma ukuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane kungasiza ukunciphisa isikhathi.

Umkhuhlane A no-B batheleleka isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantu abanomkhuhlane bayathathelana ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele futhi ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa emva kwalokho.

Ingabe umkhuhlane uhamba wedwa?

Ezimweni eziningi, yebo. Ngokuvamile, izosebenza inkambo yayo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10. Abantu abasengozini enkulu (izingane, asebekhulile, labo abanezimo ebezivele zikhona, njll.) Bangadinga ukubona umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga zomkhuhlane.