Yini i-G4 (futhi kufanele ngabe sikhathazekile)?
IzindabaOKUSHA KWE-CORONAVIRUS: Njengoba ochwepheshe befunda kabanzi nge-coronavirus yenoveli, izindaba nolwazi lushintsha. Okwamuva ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sicela uvakashele Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo .
Into yokugcina noma ngubani afuna ukuzwa ngayo ngenye indlela ubhubhane . Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olusanda kushicilelwa ku Izinqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences (I-PNAS) idale ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Imayelana neqoqo lezinkinga zemfuluwenza yezingulube abacwaningi abathi banamandla okusabalala kubantu. Nakhu esikwaziyo.
Uyini umkhuhlane wezingulube we-G4?
Iqembu lamagciwane okukhulunywe ngalo ocwaningweni lwe-PNAS kubhekiselwa kulo njengezinyoni ze-G4 Eurasian (EA) ezinjengegciwane le-H1N1 — noma, nje i-G4 ngamafuphi. Luhlobo oluthile lomkhuhlane wezingulube (obangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane i-A) elisakazeka phakathi kwezingulube eChina. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamagciwane omkhuhlane (A, B, C, no-D). Umkhuhlane A yiqembu elijwayeleke kakhulu ukubangela ubhadane lwezifo.
Ngemuva kokuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane wengulube lidale ubhadane lwango-2009, izinhlaka zikahulumeni waseChina zabambisana neWorld Health Organisation nososayensi abavela emanyuvesi aseChina naseBrithani ukulandela nokubheka inani lezingulube ukuthola izimpawu zegciwane elinamandla obhadane.
Lokho kubhekwa kutholwe inani eliphelele lamasampuli ezingulube ayi-179 athathwa njenganempilo ngegciwane lomkhuhlane i-A, futhi kusukela ngo-2016 igciwane lengulube i-G4 H1N1 kube yigciwane elijwayeleke kakhulu. Ngenkathi ukusakazwa kwabezindaba kwakamuva kungokokuqala umphakathi jikelele kungenzeka ukuthi uzwa ngomkhuhlane wezingulube we-G4 — akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele ukuwubiza ngokuthi omusha.
Ngabe i-G4 ingadala ubhadane lomuntu?
I-G4 inezakhi ezithile zofuzo ezintsha uma iqhathaniswa nezinkinga zomkhuhlane ezaziwayo. Kodwa kungukufana kwegciwane le-H1N1 lika-2009 ngemuva kwesifo sengulube flu okukhathazayo.
1. Ingathelela abantu.
Njengegciwane le-H1N1 lika-2009, igciwane le-G4 liyakwazi ukunamathisela kumaseli asemaphashini omuntu, alivumela ukuthi lidale ukutheleleka kubantu. Akuwona wonke amagciwane e-swine flu enza kanjalo, yingakho kungewona wonke umkhuhlane wezingulube obangela ukutheleleka komuntu.
Empeleni, lolu cwaningo lwafakazela ikhono laleli gciwane lokuthelela abantu ngokuhlola ukuthi abantu abasebenza nezingulube banazo yini izivikeli mzimba zaleli gciwane. Kusukela ku-2016 kuya ku-2018, i-10.4% yabasebenzi bokukhiqiza izingulube abahloliwe babe ne-antibody positivity (okusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeke).
2. Iningi labantu laliyohluleka ukuzivikela.
Njengegciwane le-H1N1 lika-2009, amagciwane e-G4 kubikwa ukuthi anenhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo ezivela kumagciwane omkhuhlane atholakala kubantu, ezinyonini nasezingulubeni. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wokuphindaphinda, inqubo lapho amagciwane amaningana exubana ngaphakathi kwesikhungo — kulokhu ingulube — eshintshana ngezinto zofuzo, bese enza igciwane lomkhuhlane elisha elinezici ezintsha. Lapho kuvela igciwane elisha, abantu abaningi abanakho ukuzivikela kulo futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekuthelelekeni. Igciwane lobhubhane le-H1N1 lango-2009 kwaba ngumphumela womcimbi wokuvuselelwa kabusha.
3. Kungathinta abantu abasha ngokungalingani.
Kunokunye okunye okuphathelene nokutholakele kwalolu cwaningo, kufaka phakathi isilinganiso esiphakeme se-antibody positivity esibonwe phakathi kwabasebenzi abancane bezingulube abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-35 (uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzi abadala). Lokhu kungabonisa ukungalingani okungafani nalokho okubhekwa njengesiguli esinempilo futhi esingahlaselwa kalula, okwenza kube ne-alarm kusukela kubangelwa ubhadane lwe-H1N1 ngo-2009 iningi lokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-64 ubudala.
4. Abantu abangaxhumani ngqo nezingulube babengenwe yileli gciwane.
I-Antibody positivity ku-G4 flu yatholwa futhi ku-4% wesampula yabantu abangama-230 esivela kubantu jikelele eChina ababengathintananga ngqo nezingulube ezihloliwe. Lokhu kufana nobhadane lwe-H1N1 lwango-2009 lapho iziguli ezazikhonjwe khona ekuqaleni zazinakho akukho ukuxhumana okwaziwayo nezingulube .
5. Isakazeka ngokuthintana noma ngamaconsi okuphefumula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okutholwe elebhu kukhombisa ukuthi igciwane lingasakazeka ngokuxhumana okuqondile noma ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Lolu hlobo lokudluliswa, kuhlangene nokuntuleka kokuvikelwa kulohlobo oluthile lwe-G4 influenza kusuka emithini yokugomela umkhuhlane womuntu etholakalayo njengamanje nakho kuyizinto zegciwane elinamandla obhadane.
Kufanele sikhathazeke kangakanani?
Okokuqala, sidinga ukwehlukanisa ezinye izinombolo ngokuqhubekayo.
Ithinta iphesenti elincane labantu.
Ngenkathi kwakukhona amasampula ayi-179 amahle wezingulube ezihloliwe, lokhu empeleni kubonisa izinga lokuzihlukanisa eliphansi kakhulu. Emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa emihle engu-179, eyi-136 yaqhamuka enanini labantu elicishe libe amasampula angama-30,000 wamasalabha wezingulube ezingezona izimpawu. Lokhu kubonisa isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa esingu-0.45%. Amasampula amahle angama-43 amasampuli we-179 asezingeni eliphelele aqhamuke enanini labantu elingaphezu kwenkulungwane nje lamashubhu wamakhala noma amasampula wamaphaphu aqoqwe ezingulubeni ekhombisa izimpawu zokuphefumula ngezinga lokuhlukaniswa elingu-4.23%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eliphelele lezingulube ezihloliwe limelela inani elincane kakhulu lesibalo sezingulube eChina — esingaba yizigidi ezingama-500.
Akukho ukudluliswa okwaziwayo phakathi kwabantu.
Njengamanje, akukho ukudluliswa okwaziwayo okuye kwabonwa nge-G4 swine flu phakathi kwabantu. Ubhadane lungenzeka kuphela lapho ukudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu kwenzeka. Umlando usifundisa ukuthi lokhu kudluliswa kusuka engulubeni kuye kumuntu — amagciwane ahlukahlukene — okuye kwabonwa ne-G4 swine flu kwenzeka ngezinga elithile minyaka yonke namanye amagciwane omkhuhlane, kepha imvamisa akuwona kugcinwa . Njengamanje, asinasizathu esihle sokucabanga ukuthi le G4 swine flu izodala okuhlukile. Okokugcina, siyazi ukuthi isimilo, njengokudla inyama yengulube, siyakwenza hhayi vumela ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kusabalale kusuka engulubeni kuye kumuntu.
Akukafiki e-United States okwamanje.
Njengamanje, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isiqinisekisile ukuthi amagciwane e-G4 awatholakali ezingulubeni noma kubantu e-United States.
Ngalokho kusho, le noveli ye-G4 swine flu virus ifana nobunzima besifo se-H1N1 sika-2009, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi kube nezinga elithile lokukhathazeka. Ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwezingulube nokuchayeka okuqhubekayo kubantu kungahle kuvumele ukuthi kuqhubeke ukushintshana ngezinto zofuzo — ezaziwa nangokuthi ukuphindisela kabusha — okungavumela igciwane ukuba likulungele ngokwengeziwe ukubangela ubhadane. Okusho ukuthi, kungaguqulela phambili futhi kube lula ukudlulisa kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye.
Yini i-U.S. Eyenzayo ukulungiselela?
I-CDC njengamanje ithatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukusebenza nezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi eChina ukuthola isampula laleli gciwane
- Kusetshenziswa yabo Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Ubungozi Bomkhuhlane (IRAT) ukuhlola ubungozi baleli gciwane obubangela ubhadane
- Ukuhlola lapho imithi yokugoma yamanje efundwa ngokumelene namagciwane omkhuhlane ahlobene nayo ingavikela kuleli gciwane
- Ukuhlola ukuthi imishanguzo ekhona yomkhuhlane ingavikela yini leli gciwane
Ubhadane lomkhuhlane i-H1N1 lwango-2009 kwaba wubhadane lokuqala cishe eminyakeni engama-40. Igciwane lomkhuhlane i-H1N1 lowe-2009 elalibanga ukuthi lalidluliseka kakhulu — kushuni ka Amacala ayizigidi ezingama-60.8 e-U.S. ngonyaka wayo wokuqala futhi kwacishe kwafa abantu abangu-12 500. Kodwa, izinga lokufa laliphansi uma liqhathaniswa nobhadane lwangaphambilini, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuqonda okuthuthukile kokudluliswa komkhuhlane nezindlela zokulawula amagciwane.
I- U.S. impendulo kubhubhane lwe-H1N1 lwango-2009 lwalunamandla futhi lunezici ezahlukahlukene, luthathe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka; ngaphandle kwempendulo enjalo, bekungalahleka izimpilo eziningi. Ulwelwesi lwesiliva lomqedazwe wakamuva we-COVID-19 ukuqonda umhlaba okwazi ukukuthola kulokhu kuphendula okunamandla, ukufaka isicelo kubhadane oluzayo.
Ungahlala kanjani uphilile
Siyazi ukuthi abantu abatheleleke nge umkhuhlane uyathathelana isikhathi eside impela — imvamisa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zomkhuhlane ziqale izinsuku ezinhlanu ngemuva kokugula. Siyazi futhi ukuthi igciwane lingasakazeka emoyeni ngamaconsi kusukela ekukhwehleleni noma ukuthimula komuntu onegciwane, noma ngisho nangokuthinta izindawo lawa la mathonsi bese uthinta ubuso bakho.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe zifaka phakathi kwabo bonke abantu bajwayelene kakhulu nokubonga okwamanje ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus :
- Zijwayeze amasu amahle wokugeza izandla bese usebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla
- Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho
- Gcina izikhala okwabelwana ngazo zihlanzekile
- Gwema abantu abagulayo (futhi gwema abantu uma kunguwe ozogula!)
- Vala ukukhwehlela kwakho uthimule ukuvimbela ukusabalala okuqhubekayo
- Goma
Isikhathi esithile sonyaka umuthi womkhuhlane , njalo ngonyaka, kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze uhlale ungenamkhuhlane. Imishanguzo yemikhuhlane eminye yemithi yokugoma efinyeleleka kakhulu. Ziyatholakala kwabaningi amakhemisi okudayisa futhi ngokuvamile zimbozwe ngu umshuwalense . Ukugonywa okuvamile kunconyelwa bonke abantu abangaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ngaphandle kwalapho uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kuningi imininingwane edukisayo mayelana nezizathu zokugwema umkhuhlane, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthola umkhuhlane omusha njalo ngenkathi yomkhuhlane.
OKUSHIWO: Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola umkhuhlane?
Ingabe ukhona umjovo wokugomela inoveli ye-G4 swine flu?
Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane njengamanje awuvikeleki ku-G4. Kodwa-ke, i-CDC isebenza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umuthi wokugoma oyisibonelo omelene ne-swine flu virus ohlobene kakhulu unikeza ukuvikela okuphambene ne-G4. Uma kungenjalo, i-CDC izoqala ukusebenza ngomuthi omusha wokugomela umkhuhlane ozovikela umkhuhlane omusha wezingulube.
Uma i-2020 ifundise noma yini emhlabeni, kufanele kube ukubaluleka kwe- inhlanzeko yokugeza izandla nokuqhela emphakathini. Uma ugula — noma ngabe uyini imbangela — akufanele ngabe uya emsebenzini noma esikoleni, futhi kufanele ukhawulele ukuxhumana nabanye.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele amagciwane amasha anamandla okubanga ubhadane. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu nobhadane lwe-H1N1 lwango-2009 futhi manje nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokuqonda ukuthi izinto zingakhula ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi yini eye yasebenza futhi yangasebenza ngokuphendula. Ngenkathi ulwazi olutholakalayo njengamanje kumkhuhlane wezingulube ze-G4 lunganele ukudala ukwethuka okugcwele, asikwazi ukuba nomhubhe wokubona nge-coronavirus futhi kufanele siqhubeke nokwazi usongo lwezifo ezintsha zezifo ezithathelwanayo.
