Luyini ngempela ubhadane?
Izindaba Ezempilo ZiyachazwaOKUSHA KWE-CORONAVIRUS: Njengoba ochwepheshe befunda kabanzi nge-coronavirus yenoveli, izindaba nolwazi lushintsha. Okwamuva ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sicela uvakashele Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo .
Ubhadane yigama elisabekayo. Susa izinhlamvu ezimbalwa nje bese usala unokwesaba — incazelo efanelekile yokuthi umhlaba uzizwa kangakanani ngale entsha i-coronavirus lokho kwavela ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule eWuhan, eChina. Igciwane elisha, elibizwa ngoSARS-CoV-2, manje selisongela impilo yezwe, linqamula amazwekazi nasemiphakathini. Kubanga isifo sokuphefumula esibizwa nge-coronavirus disease 2019, noma i-COVID-19.
Luyini ubhadane?
TO ubhubhane ukuqubuka okubanzi kwesifo esisha esiwela imingcele nolwandle, kubika i-World Health Organization (WHO). Ubhadane lubangelwa amagciwane abantu abangakaze babhekane nawo phambilini (amaningi avela ezilwaneni) noma amabhaktheriya amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ama-pandemics akudingeki ukuthi afinyelele ngobuchwepheshe kuwo wonke amakhona omhlaba (yize amaningi enza, ngenxa yokuhambela kwamanye amazwe). Bona yenza kuthinta abantu abaningi futhi ngokuvamile kutholakala kumazwekazi amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Ama-Coronaviruses akuyona into entsha — empeleni, amanye abangela umkhuhlane ovamile. Kepha, uhlobo lwenoveli seludale ukuqubuka komhlaba wonke, kwathelela abantu abangaphezu kwe-100,000 emazweni amaningi, kusuka e-Iran kuya e-Italy kuya eNdiya. Uma ucabanga ukuthi lokho kuzwakala njengobhadane, ubungeke ube wedwa.
NgoMashi 11, 2020, i-WHO yamemezela ngokusemthethweni i-COVID-19 ubhadane.
Ubhadane nobhadane
Ngenkathi zombili ubhadane lwezifo nomqedazwe kuhilela inani elikhulu labantu, kukhona umehluko. Ubhadane lwenzeka lapho isifo esithathelwanayo (isb. Umkhuhlane, i-HIV, noma i-Ebola) sisakazeka ngokushesha futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngokuzumayo kubantu abaningi — ngaphezu kwalokho obekulindelekile ngaleso sikhathi nakuleyo ndawo, kuchaza I-Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology . Ubhadane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, luhlobo lomqedazwe olwedlula lonke, kepha ngomehluko. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobhadane lwezifo, ubhadane lwezifo:
- Thinta inani elikhulu labantu
- Yiba nokusabalala komhlaba wonke
- Imbangela yokufa okuningi
- Faka igciwane elisha noma amabhaktheriya amelana namagciwane
Futhi ngenkathi izinto ezinjengomdlavuza, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ngisho ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-opioid zivame ukubizwa ubhadane lwezifo, ngobuchwepheshe azinjalo njengoba zingadalwanga izifo.
Izibonelo zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe
Izifo eziwubhadane sezihlale zikhona amakhulu eminyaka — namakhulu eminyaka namakhulu eminyaka. Esinye sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe esasidume kakhulu kwakuyisifo se-bubonic (noma i-Black Death), esenzeka eNkathini Ephakathi futhi sabulala izigidi. Ubhadane lwangekhulu lama-20 ikakhulu lwaluzungeze amagciwane omkhuhlane okubandakanya umkhuhlane A futhi kufaka phakathi:
- Umkhuhlane waseSpain wango-1918, owabulala abantu abayizigidi ezingama-50 emhlabeni wonke
- Umkhuhlane wase-Asia wango-1957
- Umkhuhlane waseHong Kong wango-1968
Ubhadane lwekhulu lama-21 leminyaka lubandakanya:
- I-SARS (isifo esibucayi sokuphefumula) : Lolu bhubhane, olubangelwe enye i-coronavirus, lwaqala eChina ngo-2002 lwagcina seluthelele abantu abangaphezu kwezi-8,000 kulo lonke elase-Asia, eYurophu, naseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. E-United States, iZikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC) zithi, Abantu abangu-115 abavela ezifundeni ezingama-29 baguliswa abakwaSARS.
- Igciwane le-H1N1 : Leli gciwane lomkhuhlane — elaziwa nangokuthi i-swine flu — laqala ukubonakala ngo-2009 futhi lalingakaze libonwe ezilwaneni noma kubantu. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2009 kuya ku-Ephreli 2010, i-CDC ilinganisela 284,000 abantu emhlabeni wonke babulawa yi-H1N1. Ubhadane lomkhuhlane i-H1N1 ubhadane lomkhuhlane olusanda kumenyezelwa olusanda kuthinta iMelika.
- I-HIV / AIDS ubhadane oluqhubekayo. Ngo-2018, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-38 emhlabeni jikelele babephila ne-HIV / AIDS.
Ingabe i-coronavirus ingubhubhane?
Kusukela ngoMashi 2020, i-WHO ibeke i-COVID-19 njengobhadane lomhlaba wonke. Kuyakhathaza impela kunegciwane lomkhuhlane, nokho, nalo elibanga ukuqubuka kwezifo okusakazekile futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukufa kodwa (hhayi okungenani kule sizini) akuwona umphumela wegciwane lenoveli.
I-COVID-19 ibonakala inamandla kakhulu [kunomkhuhlane], isakazeka kalula, futhi kunzima ukuyibamba, ngoba ukudluliswa kwayo kwenzeka kubantu abanesifo esiphansi noma abangenaso, kuchazaJana Shaw, MD, uprofesa ohlangene wezifo zezingane ne-epidemiology e-Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital eSyracuse, eNew York.
Ungasinda kanjani kubhadane
Ayikho indlela enhle yokubikezela ukuthi lingadlala kanjani igciwane lenoveli elifana neSARS-CoV-2. Ubhadane lungahlala kusuka ezinyangeni kuye eminyakeni. Ukuqhamuka kweSARS, isibonelo, kwaqukethwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. I-HIV / AIDS isaqhubeka. Ngokwemibiko yezindaba, amacala e-COVID-19 eChina naseSouth Korea abukeka eqhubeka kancane yize esencipha kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Abanye banethemba lokuthi leli gciwane lingaphela, njengoba umkhuhlane namanye amagciwane enza, njengoba isimo sezulu esifudumele sisondela, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo baxwayisa ngokuthi kuningi kakhulu okungaziwa ngaleli gciwane elisha, futhi kuzothatha izinyathelo ezibucayi nezingaguquguquki zezempilo zomphakathi. (hhayi isimo sezulu) ukukuqukethe ngempumelelo.
Futhi kungaqhamuka kanjani lokhu kuqubuka okusha kwe-coronavirus? Ohulumeni basebenzela ukulwa nobhadane ngokukhipha izihlukanisi (manje i-Italy ingaphansi kokuvalwa), behlinzeka izivivinyo zokuxilonga ukukhomba labo abathelelekayo, abanciphisa ukuhamba futhi bathuthukise imigomo lapho kungenzeka. Kepha lokho konke kudinga isikhathi nokubambisana. Yini ongayenza ukusiza zivikele kule coronavirus yenoveli okwamanje?
I-COVID-19 yisifo esisakazeke kakhulu njengomkhuhlane nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula — ngamaconsi abantu abanagciwane bayadedela lapho bethimula noma bekhwehlela. I- i-CDC uncoma:
- Ukuhlala ekhaya uma ugula futhi ugwema konke ukuhamba okungabalulekile.
- Ukugwema ukuxhumana okuseduze nabantu lapho kungenzeka (izikhulu zezempilo zeluleka ukuthi zihlale okungenani izinyawo eziyisithupha).
- Ukubeka izandla kude namakhala, umlomo, namehlo.
- Ukuthimula noma ukukhwehlela ube yisicubu (bese usilahla) noma umkhono lapho izicubu zingatholakali.
- Ukugeza izandla njalo ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokudla, noma ngemuva kokuthimula noma ukukhwehlela. Sebenzisa i-sanitizer ngesandla okungenani i-60% yotshwala lapho insipho namanzi kungatholakali.
- Sula indawo eqinile, njengezinto zokubala, izinkinobho zeminyango, njll. Nsuku zonke. I-CDC incoma ukusebenzisa okokugeza okwejwayelekile kwasendlini namanzi bese usebenzisa isibulala-magciwane. I- Isikhungo sama-Biocide Chemistries inohlu lwemikhiqizo engalwa ngempumelelo ne-coronavirus.
- Gqoka imaski yobuso lapho uphumela ngaphandle futhi uzungeze abanye.
Uma uba ngcono ekugwemeni amaconsi, uzoba ngcono ekugwemeni ukutheleleka.