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Uyini umkhuhlane?

Imfundo Yezempilo

Ukuwa ngakunye, ngenkathi kugcinwa izimpahla zokubuyela emuva esikoleni, kukha amaqabunga, futhi kuzitika ngamakha ethanga, imindeni eminingi yaseMelika iqala ukucabanga ngomkhuhlane — nendlela yokuwugwema. Futhi kulo nyaka, lokho kungenzeka kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili njengoba ososayensi bexwayise ngesimo esibuhlungu esibhekene nenkathi yomkhuhlane ejwayelekile ngesikhathi esifanayo nobhadane lwe-COVID-19.

Ngonyaka ojwayelekile, kuze kufike kuma-20% wabantu abazogula ngomkhuhlane, ngokusho kwe- Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (I-CDC). Isikhathi esiphezulu somkhuhlane nguDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari, kepha eminye iminyaka ingahlala kuze kube nguMeyi.

Ukuthi ikwi-radar yakho akusho ukuthi uyazi ukuthi lisabalala kanjani igciwane noma ukuthi ulilawula kanjani. Ngalokho, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kubuya unyaka nonyaka, izingcindezi ezahlukahlukene, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezimpawu.

Uyini umkhuhlane?

Igciwane lomkhuhlane, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane, yisifo esithathelanayo sonyaka esingathinta umphimbo, impumulo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amaphaphu futhi okuholela kumkhuhlane, ukuqaqamba komzimba / ukukhathala nokukhathala okuphelele, USaba Hamiduzzaman , MD, udokotela wezokwelapha wangaphakathi nodokotela wamaphaphu eLoma Linda University Health. Kuyisifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esingadala ukugula okuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo, nokufa.

Izinhlobo zamagciwane omkhuhlane

Yize sikhuluma ngalesi sifo sonyaka njengoba i flu, kukhona empeleni izinhlobo ezine : A, B, C, no-D amagciwane omkhuhlane.

Yigciwane lomkhuhlane u-A no-B kuphela elibhebhetheka kaningi kubantu elibhekene nezifo zemikhuhlane yonyaka unyaka ngamunye, kusho uDkt Hamiduzzaman.

Umkhuhlane A amagciwane ziphinde zahlukaniswa zaba ama-subtypes asuselwa emaprotheni amabili ebusweni begciwane: i-hemagglutinin (H) ne-neuraminidase (N). Ngenkathi kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ze-H ne-N, ambalwa kuphela ajwayelekile ajwayelekile kubantu-kufaka phakathi i-H1N1 ne-H3N2. Umkhuhlane owaziwa nge-Avian flu, usabalala phakathi kwezinyoni zasemanzini, futhi umkhuhlane wezingulube , isabalala phakathi kwezingulube, nayo iwela kulesi sigaba. Lezi zinhlobo zomkhuhlane omusha nohlukile we-A virus zingadala ubhadane lomkhuhlane uma zikwazi ukuthelela abantu ngempumelelo.

Amagciwane omkhuhlane B Ahlukanisiwe ngama-subtypes afana no-A, kepha ajikeleza ngokwezigaba nobunzima. Namuhla, amagciwane womkhuhlane B angaphansi kolunye lohlu lwemindeni emibili: B / Yamagata kanye no-B / Victoria.

Umkhuhlane wohlobo C amagciwane ngokuvamile kubangela ukugula okuphefumula okuncane.

Ithonya D amagciwane kuthinta kakhulu izinkomo.

Amagciwane angama-flu

Kukhona okunye okubizwa ngokuthi yi-flus, uma sibala eceleni, akuhlangene negciwane lomkhuhlane.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane wesisu , ngokwezokwelapha esaziwa njenge-viral gastroenteritis, isifo samathumbu esingahlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa size sifike kwabangu-10. Ungasithola kumuntu onegciwane noma ekudleni noma emanzini angcolile. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi uhudo olunamanzi, amajaqamba esiswini, isicanucanu noma ukugabha, kwesinye isikhathi nomkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane weKeto kungenye i-faux-influenza. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abalandela i-keto diet-bedla ushukela omncane kanye nesitashi besebenzisa amafutha anempilo namaprotheni. Umzimba ushisa amanoni ngophethiloli uma ingekho i-glucose enikezwa yi-carbohydrate. Umphumela uba yizimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi isicanucanu, ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala, amajaqamba esiswini, isiyezi nokuhlushwa okungafanele. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlala ngesonto.

Bese kuba khona umkhuhlane wobuchopho . Kulokhu, ukutheleleka kobuchopho kubanga i-encephalitis, engabonisa njengezimpawu ezinjengemikhuhlane ezinjengekhanda, umkhuhlane, nobuhlungu bemisipha. Kudinga ukwelashwa ngudokotela noma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Isibonakaliso sokuqala somkhuhlane kungaba ukukhathala okukhulu. Abantu bangazizwa bekhathele kangangokuba imisebenzi yansuku zonke iba yinselele. Ubuhlungu bomzimba nokubandayo yizimpawu ezijwayelekile njengoba umkhuhlane ungena, kanye nokukhwehlela okungapheli nomphimbo obuhlungu.

Umkhuhlane vs. umkhuhlane: Ishadi lezimpawu

Umkhuhlane vs. umkhuhlane

Abantu abaningi banenkinga enzima yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimpawu zomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane omubi. Izimpawu zomkhuhlane ziba mncane futhi zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nekhala eligobayo noma eligcwele kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu, kuchaza uDkt Hamiduzzaman. Iziguli ezinomkhuhlane zizozizwa zehla kakhulu futhi izimpawu zizobonakala kakhulu kunamakhaza.

Izimpawu ezibandayo ngokuvamile ziqala kancane futhi zingafaka:

ukuthimula
ikhala eligcwele
Umphimbo obuhlungu
ukukhwehlela okuncane
ukuvuza kwangemva kwamakhala
ubuhlungu bomzimba noma bemisipha

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane zivame ukuqala ngokungazelelwe futhi zingafaka:

umkhuhlane noma amakhaza
ukukhwehlela
Umphimbo obuhlungu
ikhala eligcwele noma eligijimayo
ikhanda
ubuhlungu bomzimba noma bemisipha
ukukhathala okukhulu
ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo, okuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezinomkhuhlane

Izimpawu ezibandayo zivame ukuhlala isikhathi esingangesonto. Ngeshwa, ukudlula umkhuhlane kungathatha isikhathi. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezine kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane. Ngenkathi kwesinye isikhathi bethuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisihlanu, abantu abaningi bayabagulela uma nje izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa — kwesinye isikhathi zinde . Ukuphumula okuningi, uketshezi, kanye nokunciphisa izinhlungu okulwa nokuvuvukala kungasiza.

I-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane

Kuthiwani ngezimpawu ze-COVID-19? Yebo, zingafana nomkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu bomzimba nokukhathala. Ukuthola umkhuhlane bese uzivikela ekuwubambeni kwasekuqaleni, kungenye yezindlela zokunqanda umkhuhlane. Ekugcineni, noma kunjalo, kuzodingeka ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuhlolelwa umkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19 ukuthola ukuthi yini onayo nendlela efanele yokuphatha izimpawu. Funda kabanzi nge-COVID-19 vs. flu lapha .

OKUSHIWO: Ngabe umkhuhlane udutshulwe noma uTamiflu uvimbela i-COVID-19?

Ubulala umkhuhlane kangakanani?

Iningi labantu abaphilile abathola umkhuhlane babekezelela izinsuku ezimbalwa nje zokuzizwa bekhathazekile. Kodwa umkhuhlane can kube okubulalayo. E-U.S. Umkhuhlane uthinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu ngonyaka. Ngenkathi izibalo zihluka inkathi ngayinye, ngokwesilinganiso abangaphezu kuka-200,000 balaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yezinkinga zomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka, futhi kufika kwabangu-50 000 abangabulawa yigciwane unyaka nonyaka.

OKUSHIWO: Izibalo zomkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Buza noma ngubani osanda kululama umkhuhlane futhi bangasho ukuthi uqhubeke unomphela. Izimpawu zingenza usuku ngalunye luzwakale njengephakade, kepha empeleni, umkhuhlane ukugula kwesikhashana.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezine kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane. Zingahlala izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ukukhathala, noma ukukhathala, noma kunjalo, kungahlala isikhathi eside.

Abanye abantu babhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane ezandisa ubude bokugula, ngokusho kwe- UVictor Laluz, MD, udokotela wezokwelapha wangaphakathi eLoma Linda University Health. Izinkinga zomkhuhlane ezingaba khona zifaka:

i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya (ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu)
i-myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo)
i-myositis (isimo esihilela ukuvuvukala kwemisipha)
ukuvuvukala kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi ebangela ukuquleka
umgogodla ukuvuvukala
I-Guillain-Barre syndrome (isifo esikhubazayo sokuzivikela komzimba)

Igciwane lomkhuhlane liholela ezindaweni zokuvuvukala kanye nokwakheka koketshezi lokuphefumula okungaba yizindawo zokutheleleka kwesibili, kuchaza uDkt Laluz.

Futhi ngokusho kukaDkt Hamiduzzaman, amaqembu athile eziguli anezinkinga zempilo asengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu:

abantu abadala asebekhulile, abaneminyaka engama-65 +
abesifazane abakhulelwe
abantu abanenkinga yezempilo engamahlalakhona njenge:
- isifo sikashukela
- I-HIV / AIDS
abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengalabo abelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Usakazeka kanjani umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane uyasakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu ngezindlela eziningi. Ihamba phakathi:

amaconsi okuphefumula asemoyeni avela ekukhwehleleni nasekuthimuleni
ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba njengokuxhawulana nokwangana
ukudluliswa kwamathe kusuka ekuqabuleni noma ekwabelaneni ngeziphuzo
ukuxhumana nendawo engcolile.

Umkhuhlane uthathelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Uyathathelana kusukela osukwini ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu kuze kube yizinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuqala ukugula. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi basabalalisa igciwane lomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba bazi ukuthi banalo — noma, ngemuva kokucabanga ukuthi bangcono.

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kunabanye ngokuthola umkhuhlane. Kubandakanya:

izingane ezincane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili
abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala
abesifazane abakhulelwe nabesifazane kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemuva kokubeletha
abantu abanezimo ezingalapheki zezokwelapha ezinjengesifo sikashukela, i-asthma, ukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, izinso nezinkinga zesibindi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kanye ne-neurodevelopmental
Abantu abakhuluphele abane-index mass mass (BMI) engama-40 noma ngaphezulu

Unyaka nonyaka, kulahleka izinsuku zomsebenzi eziyizigidi ezingama-70 ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Izindawo zokusebenza eziningi zinxusa abasebenzi bazo ukuthi bahlale emakhaya uma bezizwa begula ukuze bavikele abasebenza nabo abanempilo — futhi uma kunemihlahlandlela ye-COVID-19, umnyango wakho we-HR ungaba nomthetho ojwayelekile okufanele uwulandele. Uma kungenjalo, kungaba nzima ukusho ukuthi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani kude. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha? Linda okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uhambe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umuthi wokunciphisa umkhuhlane njenge-acetaminophen (noma ubuze udokotela wakho!).

Ukwelapha kanjani umkhuhlane

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha umkhuhlane ukugwema ukuwuthola kwasekuqaleni. I-CDC incoma umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane cishe wonke umuntu. Lokhu kugoma kuzovikela izinhlobo eziningi zomkhuhlane. Futhi uma ukwazi ukuyibamba, isibhamu singenza izimpawu zibe nzima kakhulu, futhi ukugula kube kufushane.

Uma ungenwe umkhuhlane, welapha ngokuphumula embhedeni, uketshezi — okubandakanya amanzi, ujusi, namasobho afudumele — nokulala okuningi ukusiza amasosha akho omzimba alwe nalesi sifo. Ukudambisa izinhlungu ezithengiswayo njenge acetaminophen futhi ibuprofen ingasiza ngomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nobuhlungu bekhanda.

Iningi labantu lingalulama emkhuhlaneni ngaphandle kwemithi, kepha abanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangahle banikeze imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane ukudambisa izimpawu. Kunemithi engathathwa ukususa ngokushesha igciwane emzimbeni nokunciphisa isikhathi sezimpawu, kusho uDkt Laluz. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu ngu UTamiflu , noma umabhebhana , futhi Xofluza , noma baloxavir. Kumele zisetshenziswe emahoreni angama-48 okuqala ezimpawu zomkhuhlane ukuze zisebenze futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe kubantu abadala. Le mithi ikhonjiswa ngokuqinile uma izimpawu zomkhuhlane zinzima kakhulu noma isiguli sisesigabeni esinobungozi obukhulu ngokususelwa ekubambaneni.

Okunye amakhambi asekhaya faka ama-lozenges womphimbo, ama-expectorants wokukhwehlela, umusi omanzi, impumulo kasawoti noma amathonsi emphimbo, noma i-humidifier uma unomoya omile.

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa nemikhuhlane yomkhuhlane

Ungawuvikela kanjani umkhuhlane

Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka, qiniseka ukuthi uthola umkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokuwa njalo ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDkt Laluz uncoma okulandelayo:

Geza izandla zakho njalo eduze kwabantu abakhohlela noma abagulayo.
Izindawo ezihlanzekile ozithinta ngezandla zakho ngomuthi wokuhlanza amagciwane onjengomuthi ohlanza utshwala.
Geza izandla ngaphambi kokudla.
Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho ngokungadingekile, ngoba lokhu kungafaka amagciwane emakhaleni noma emlonyeni wakho.
Gqoka imaski ezindaweni zomphakathi.

OKUSHIWO: Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela umkhuhlane

Uma usuphethwe umkhuhlane, ungawuthola futhi?

Ngokungafani namanye amagciwane, ungawuthola umkhuhlane ngaphezu kokukodwa. Ngamanye amagama, awuvikelekile ekutholeni futhi. Lokho kungenxa yalokho uDkt Laluz akubiza ngokushintsha kwe-antigenic. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zegciwane lomkhuhlane ziyahlangana zenze entsha ngokuphelele. Kukhona ne-antigenic drift, lapho ushintsho oluncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lungaveza igciwane elingasabonwa ngumzimba ngakho-ke alikwazi ukufaka ukuphendula komzimba. Ukwakheka komuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kuhlaziywa minyaka yonke ukubheka lezi zinguquko ekusakazeni amagciwane futhi kuvuselelwa ngokufanele.

Ukugonywa okuphindaphindiwe kuyalulekwa ukuthi kwandise amathuba okuthi ukuphendula komzimba wakho kuvikele ukutheleleka komkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka, usho kanjalo. Ngezansi: Yenza ukugoma kwakho umkhuhlane kube umkhuba wonyaka.