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Ingabe umkhuhlane uhamba emoyeni? Funda ukuthi umkhuhlane usakazeka kanjani.

Imfundo Yezempilo

Ukudluliswa | Inkathi yomkhuhlane | Kuyathathelwana | Ungamisa kanjani ukusabalala

Igciwane lomkhuhlane (aka, umkhuhlane) liyakhahlela unyaka wonke. Kepha izinto ziqala ukwanda impela lapho isimo sezulu siphenduka. Ukwa nobusika kuyizinyanga zokuqala zomkhuhlane, kanti izifo zesifo sokuphefumula ziyaqonga phakathi kukaDisemba noFebhuwari. Ngeveli i-coronavirus (I-COVID-19) nomkhuhlane osenkingeni yokushayisana, lokhu kungaba ukuwa okubi kakhulu, ngombono wezempilo yomphakathi, esake saba nawo, uRobert Redfield, MD, umqondisi weCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uthe kusakazwa kabanzi Ingxoxo yeWebMD .

Umkhuhlane ungaphezu nje komkhuhlane kuma-steroids. Ifika ngokuzumayo futhi ingaveza imfiva, ukugodola, ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukuhlanza nokuhuda — ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomkhuhlane ovamile, njengomphimbo obuhlungu, ukuthimula, ukukhwehlela nekhala eligobayo. ICDC ilinganisela ukuthi phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-39 kuya kwezingama-56 e-United States babetheleleke ngegciwane lomkhuhlane phakathi kuka-Okthoba 1, 2019 no-Ephreli l 4, 2020, lapho kufa abantu abangu-24,000 kuya ku-62,000.

Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, sibonga ubhadane lwe-coronavirus kanye nohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oselunomthwalo kakade. Impela, ukugoma kuyisihluthulelo. Kepha ukwazi ukuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane lidluliswa nini futhi kanjani kungamathuluzi abalulekile ekugcineni wena nomndeni wakho ungenamkhuhlane kule sizini.

Ingabe umkhuhlane uhamba emoyeni?

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umkhuhlane usakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa amaconsi ikhululwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ethimula, ekhwehlela noma ekhuluma. La maconsi ahlala emilonyeni noma emakhaleni abantu abaseduzane. Noma, ngokungajwayelekile, umuntu angathinta indawo engcoliswe yizo, bese ethinta ubuso bakhe.

Kodwa manje kunobufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi ukudluliswa komkhuhlane nakho kungafakwa emoyeni. Ucwaningo lwango-2018 oluphuma e-University of Maryland futhi lwashicilelwa kumagazini Izinqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences yase-United States of America ithole ukuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane lingachithwa ngamaconsi amancane amiswe emoyeni ekuphefumuleni okuphefumulelwe kwabantu abanegciwane. Ukuthi amabanga la ma-aerosol athelelanayo ahamba ibanga elingakanani nokuthi ahlala isikhathi esingakanani emoyeni awazange afundwe, kepha imigomo ejwayelekile yokuphepha ye-COVID-19 — emi ngezinyawo eziyisithupha kude nabantu futhi egqoke ubuso noma imaski yokuhlinza — ingaba yizinyathelo ezinhle zokulawula ukutheleleka ngaphezu kwalokho ukugeza izandla.

Futhi ngenkathi kungenzeka ukuthi wezwa okuningi mayelana nokuthi ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwethu kumagciwane kuwenza buthaka kanjani amasosha omzimba, abanye ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bathi akuyona into esidinga ukukhathazeka ngayo esikhathini esifushane, njengoba silwa nobhadane lwe-COVID-19. Ngibona zonke lezi zinyathelo zinciphisa ukuphendula komzimba, ikakhulukazi kwabancane kakhulu, abakha i-repertoire yabo yamaseli wememori, kusho UHilary Smith, MD , udokotela wezingane ohlangene neBoston Children's Health Physicians. Kepha ngincamela ukuthatha amathuba ami ukubulala amagciwane amahle [kanye] ne-coronavirus.

Noma kungamaconsi noma ama-aerosol, enye into okufanele uyicabangele uma kuziwa ekubambeni noma yiliphi igciwane uhlelo lomuntu lokuzivikela komzimba. Kungani umkhuhlane uhlale ushaya abadala kakhulu nabancane kakhulu kanzima? Kubuza uDkt. Smith. Kungenxa yamasosha abo omzimba [abuthakathaka], ngezinga elithile. Njengodokotela wezingane, ngikwazi ukukhwehlela ngithimule ezinganeni ezinomkhuhlane ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kule minyaka engu-14 ngiziqeqesha, angiwubambile umkhuhlane. Ingabe lokho kuphela ngoba ngithole umkhuhlane? Cha. Kuningi nje kuncike emasosheni akho omzimba.

Inini inkathi yomkhuhlane?

Ungawubamba umkhuhlane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha amacala athanda ukukhuphukela phezulu kusukela ngo-Okthoba, aqala ukuzungeza uFebhuwari, bese ewa (yize enganyamalali) entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

OKUSHIWO: Ingabe umkhuhlane wasehlobo noma okunye?

Ukugoma kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokubhebhetheka komkhuhlane, kepha okusebenze ngonyaka odlule kungenzeka kungasebenzi kulo nyaka. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane ngokwawo lingashintsha kusuka onyakeni owodwa kuye komunye.

Amagciwane omkhuhlane aphindaphindeka kumaseli womuntu nawezilwane esebenzisa inqubo evumela kalula ushintsho ezintweni zalo zofuzo, kuchaza URobert Hopkins Jr., MD , uprofesa wezokwelapha zangaphakathi e-University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqukeni okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu zegciwane futhi, kaningi, kube nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingaholela kubhadaneva. Kunocwaningo olusebenzayo oluqhubekayo lokwakha umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane 'wasemhlabeni wonke' ukusivikela ngokuhlasela izingxenye zegciwane ezihlala zizinzile naphezu kwala maphutha ezofuzo. 'Umuthi wokugoma esizowusebenzisa kulo nyaka unezinguquko ezintathu ezinkulu ezisuka ohlotsheni esalusebenzisa ngonyaka odlule. - futhi, ukuqagela — kepha nginethemba lokuthi kuzosebenza kahle.

Ngabe i-COVID-19 izoyithinta kanjani inkathi yomkhuhlane yalo nyaka? Ngabe abantu abaningi bayaziqhelanisa nomphakathi futhi egqoke izifihla-buso zobuso ukusiza ukunciphisa ukubhebhetheka komkhuhlane? Noma ingabe abantu, bexwaya ukuthatha uhambo oluya ehhovisi likadokotela wabo lapho iziguli ze-COVID-19 zingase zibe khona, badele umkhuhlane? Isikhathi kuphela esizosho.

Ngeshwa, ulwazi lwethu nge-COVID lukhombisile ukuthi umphakathi wethu, uwonke, awumuhle neze emisebenzini yokuzivikela, kusho uDkt. Hopkins. Yize ngingajabula ukubona ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo ekwamukelweni kokugonyelwa umkhuhlane kulo nyaka — futhi nakanjani ngizokuphokophela lokho - ngilindele ukuthi lobu kube ubusika obunzima nokuhlangana kwe-COVID nomkhuhlane kanye ne-RSV [virus yokuphefumula i-syncytial, evamile futhi ukutheleleka okuphefumulayo okuphefumulayo okuvame ukubonwa ezinganeni ezincane], nakho okudala ukugula okuphefumulayo okukhulu ebusika.

Umkhuhlane uthathelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokwe-CDC, umuntu onegciwane angaqala ukusabalalisa umkhuhlane igciwane usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kwalokho. Sekukonke, umuntu othelelekile utheleleka kakhulu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuthi izimpawu zabo ziqale. Izingane nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (ngokwesibonelo, labo abanezifo ezithile zokuzivikela ezifweni ezifana nesifo samathambo, i-lupus, nabantu abane-chemotherapy) bangathathelana isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Iningi labantu liyalulama kulo mkhuhlane futhi alisathelelani ngemuva kwesonto. Ukuhlala ekhaya kude nabantu ngenkathi usalulama kubalulekile ukumisa ukusabalala komkhuhlane. Ochwepheshe ku- Impilo ye-UC-Irvine uthi kufanele uhlale ekhaya kuze kube:

Awunawo umkhuhlane amahora angama-24 (ngaphandle kokuthatha imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane efana i-aspirin , acetaminophen ( UTylenol ), noma ibuprofen ( I-Advil noma iMotrin)
Awunakho ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo okungenani amahora angama-24
Ukukhwehlela nokuthimula kwakho kwehliswe okungenani ngama-75%

Futhi ungaziphusheli. Nciphisela emuva esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile kancane kancane. Uma ukuvuka, ukushawa nokugqoka kukuqeda amandla, mhlawumbe kufanele uhlale ekhaya bese uqhubeka nokuphumula. Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuthi ungabuyeli esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile uze uthole okungenani u-90% wamazinga akho ejwayelekile wamandla emuva.

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa nemikhuhlane yomkhuhlane

Ungakugwema kanjani ukusabalalisa umkhuhlane (nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani)

Ukuthola umkhuhlane kulobu busika akunakugwenywa. Kunezinyathelo zokuphepha ongazithatha (futhi okufanele uzenze).

1. Goma njalo ngonyaka.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uyatholakala ezikhemisi nasezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, njengehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma umtholampilo wezempilo wendawo.
Ukugonywa komkhuhlane kunconywa kubantu abaningi abaneminyaka yobudala Izinyanga eziyi-6 nangaphezulu .
Ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanobungozi obukhulu bezinkinga ezivela emkhuhlane, kufaka phakathi izingane ezincane, labo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nalabo abanezimo ezithile zezempilo njenge-asthma noma isifo sikashukela.
Umuthi wokugoma awuhambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi negciwane lomkhuhlane eliguqukayo, kodwa ngokwe-CDC, ngokujwayelekile kunciphisa ingozi yomkhuhlane ngo-40% -60% .
Isikhathi esihle sokugonywa ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuba inkathi yomkhuhlane iqale igiya eliphezulu. Kepha ukugomela ebusika kusengasiza.
Futhi masibeke irekhodi ngqo: Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngeke ukukunikeze umkhuhlane, yize ungaba nemiphumela engemihle, njengomkhuhlane nezinhlungu zemisipha.

2. Gcina izindlela zakho zokuvikela ze-COVID-19. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza kakhulu uma unakekela umuntu onomkhuhlane.

Gqoka isifihla-buso sobuso.
Hlala ngezinyawo eziyisithupha kude nabantu. Ucwaningo kushicilelwe ku- Ijenali Yezifo Ezithathelwanayo ithole ukuthi amagciwane omkhuhlane angama-89% atholakale ezinhlayiyaneni ezincane ezisakazeka zifinyelela ezinyaweni eziyisithupha ukusuka ekhanda lomuntu onegciwane. Ukusondelana nomuntu, igciwane liyanda kakhulu.
Geza izandla zakho (amasekhondi angama-20) njalo noma usebenzise i-sanitizer yesandla okungenani i-60% yotshwala. Uma unakekela umuntu ogulayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha izicubu zomuntu ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nokuwashwa okungcolile nezitsha / izinkomishi.
Hlanza izindawo ezithintwa njalo (izivalo zeminyango, amakhibhodi, izinto zokubala / amadeski / amatafula) nezibulala-magciwane njalo. Ngokwe-CDC, igciwane lomkhuhlane lingakwazi phila ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwamahora angama-48 . Abahlanza indlu abajwayelekile, njengama-detergents kanye ne-cleaner aqukethe i-alcohol noma i-hydrogen peroxide abahlanza abaphumelelayo , kusho iCDC.