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Izibalo zokukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ngo-2021

Izindaba

Ukukhuluphala yisimo sezokwelapha esibonakala ngokuba namafutha omzimba amaningi kakhulu, angadala izinkinga zempilo nezinkinga. Ukufunda kabanzi ngokukhuluphala kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiwusizo ekubhekaneni nalesi simo nokuphila impilo enempilo. Ake sibheke ezinye izibalo zokukhuluphala, izindlela zokwelapha ukukhuluphala, nokuthi ungakusiza kanjani ukukuvimbela.

Kuyini ukukhuluphala?

Ukukhuluphala kuyisimo sezokwelapha esenzeka lapho umuntu enenqwaba yamafutha omzimba. Ukuba namafutha omzimba amaningi kungandisa ingozi yokuthola ezinye izinkinga zempilo, futhi kungadala nezinkinga zawo zezempilo.

Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangakwazi ukuxilonga ukukhuluphala okususelwa kunkomba yomzimba (BMI), izilinganiso zomjikelezo okhalweni, nezinye izimpawu. Izici ze-BMI ekuphakameni kothile, isisindo somzimba, iqembu leminyaka yobudala, nobulili. I-BMI engama-30 noma ngaphezulu ivame ukukhombisa ukukhuluphala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukala okhalweni okungaphezu kwama-intshi angama-35 kwabesifazane nama-intshi angama-40 kwabesilisa nakho kungakhombisa ukukhuluphala. Ngokwengeziwe, nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile zokukhuluphala:

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Ukukhathala
Ubuhlungu obuhlangene noma obuya emuva
Ukuzethemba okuphansi / ukuzethemba okuphansi
Ukuhogela
Ukujuluka okwengeziwe

Ukwelashwa kokukhuluphala kuvame ukuhilela ukuzivocavoca umzimba, imikhuba emisha yokudla, ukwesekwa kokudla okunempilo, imithi, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa.

Kuvame kangakanani ukukhuluphala?

Ngokwesilinganiso, oyedwa kwabathathu abadala ukhuluphele, okungaba ngamaphesenti angama-36 wabantu. (IHarvard, 2020)
Ukusabalala okushintshwe yiminyaka yokukhuluphala kubantu abadala kusuka ngo-2017-18 kwakungu-42.4%. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2020)
Ngo-2030, kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-20% wabantu emhlabeni uzobe ekhuluphele. (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Semininingwane Ye-Biotechnology, 2016)
Cishe i-18.5% yezingane ezineminyaka engu-2 kuya ku-19 zibhekwa njengezikhuluphele e-United States. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2019)

Ubhadane lokukhuluphala: Bangaki abantu abakhuluphele emhlabeni?

Ukukhuluphala akuthinti nje abantu base-U.S. Abantu emazweni amaningi baba nokukhuluphala, futhi kuba ubhadane lomhlaba wonke.

Abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-500 emhlabeni bakhuluphele.
Uma kungalungiswa, abantu abadala abalinganiselwa ku-1 billion bazobe bekhuluphele ngo-2030.
Bangaphezu kuka-25% abantu abadala base-UK abakhuluphele.
Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nane abesifazane eSaudi Arabia akhuluphele.

(UHarvard, 2020)

Ukukhuluphala eMelika

Umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu base-U.S. Ukhuluphele. (IHarvard, 2020)
Abesifazane abamnyama abangewona amaSpanishi bathola amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okukhuluphala eMelika kuma-59%. (IHarvard, 2020)
Amanani wokukhuluphala aphezulu kubantu baseSpanishi, baseMelika baseMelika, nabangewona amaSpanishi kunabantu baseCaucasus. (IHarvard, 2020)
INingizimu neMidwest inesifo sokukhuluphala kakhulu. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2019)
Zonke izifundazwe zase-U.S. Nezindawo zinezinga lokukhuluphala okungenani lama-20%. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2019)

Izibalo zokukhuluphala ngocansi

Kukonke, amazinga okukhuluphala kwabantu abadala aphakeme kwabesifazane. (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zezempilo, 2013-2014)
Abesifazane abane kwabangu-5 base-Afrika nabamaMelika bakhuluphele ngokweqile noma bakhuluphele. (Ihhovisi Lezempilo Ezincane , 2018)
Abesifazane abathathu kwabane baseLatina noma abaseSpanishi bakhuluphele ngokweqile noma bakhuluphele. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2018)
Izinga lokukhuluphala kwamadoda liphezulu kakhulu kumaqembu anemali ephakathi. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2020)
Amanani wokukhuluphala kwabesifazane abamhlophe abangewona amaSpanishi, ama-Asia angewona amaSpanishi, nabaseSpain aphezulu kakhulu kumaqembu ahola kancane. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2020)

Izibalo zokukhuluphala ngokweminyaka

E-U.S. Ukukhuluphala kudlange kakhulu kubantu abadala kunentsha. (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zezempilo, 2015-2016)
Ukukhuluphala kwengane kukhula emhlabeni jikelele, kunezingane ezingama-43 million ezikhuluphele nezikhuluphele ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 (Harvard, 2010).
Ingane eyodwa kwezingu-6 ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-19 zikhuluphele (Ucwaningo Lukazwelonke Lwezempilo Nokudla Okunomsoco, 2013-2014).
Ukukhuluphala kudlange kakhulu phakathi kwabaneminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-19 ubudala kuneminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengu-5 ubudala. (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zezempilo, 2015-2016)

Ukukhuluphala kanye nempilo yonke

Ukukhuluphala kungavimbela ikhwalithi yempilo yomuntu futhi kube nemiphumela emibi kwezempilo njengokuthuthuka kwesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, umdlavuza, i-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinkinga ezihlangene, nokuphefumula ubuthongo.

Kunokuhlala okungaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-2.8 esibhedlela minyaka yonke e-U.S., Lapho ukukhuluphala kuyimbangela noma kunomthelela. (Iphrojekthi Yezindleko Zokusetshenziswa Kwezempilo, 2012)
Cishe abantu abangama-300,000 babulawa ukukhuluphala eMelika minyaka yonke. (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Semininingwane Ye-Biotechnology, 2004)

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Izindleko zokukhuluphala ngokweqile

Izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zokukhuluphala cishe zingama- $ 150 billion ngonyaka e-U.S.Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, 2020)
Abantu abakhuluphele bachitha cishe ama- $ 1,500 ngaphezulu ekuzinakekeleni ngokwabo ukwelashwa kunabantu abanesisindo esinempilo. (Iphrojekthi Yezindleko Zokusetshenziswa Kwezempilo, 2012)
Izindleko zokwelashwa ezihlobene nokukhuluphala zingakhuphuka ngama- $ 48 kuye ku- $ 66 billion ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2030. (IHarvard, 2020)

Izimbangela zokukhuluphala

Ukukhuluphala kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa inhlanganisela yezinto ezinobungozi ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, kwezemvelo, kanye / noma kofuzo. Ezinye izifo nezimo zezokwelapha nakho kungadala noma kube nomthelela ekukhuluphaleni.

Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezihamba phambili zokukhuluphala:

Izindlela zokuphila , kufaka phakathi ukudla ukudla okungenampilo, okugayiwe, okuthosiwe; ukungasebenzi komzimba; nokubhema kungaholela ekutheni ukhuluphele ngokweqile.
Umlando womndeni wokukhuluphala ngokweqile kungasho ukuthi umuntu ugcina amafutha ngokuhlukile futhi ahlanganise ukudla kancane. Zombili lezi zinto zingaletha ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Izinkinga zenhlalo nezomnotho zilolonga imikhuba yethu yezempilo. Isibonelo, izingane ezingafundisiwe ukudla okunempilo noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungenzeka zikhuluphale. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuba neholo eliphansi kungasiza kakhulu ekukhuluphaleni ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsiza zokuthenga ukudla okunempilo.
Izimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi, njenge-polycystic ovary syndrome noma isifo sikaCushing, kungaba nomthelela ekuzuzeni isisindo nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Bona lolu hlu lwemithi ebanga ukuzuza kwesisindo .

Ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala

Ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala kubandakanya inhlanganisela yezinguquko eziningi, njenge:

Umsebenzi womzimba
Ukudla ukudla okunempilo
Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka
Ikhawulela isikhathi sesikrini
Ukugwema ukudla okusetshenzwe
Kudla ifayibha eningi
Ukuba nokusekelwa okuqinile neqembu lomphakathi

Ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, kusho uTaylor Graber, MD, umnikazi we Ama-ASAP IVs . Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco ophakeme ngezithelo ezintsha, imifino, inyama enamafutha / inhlanzi / izinkukhu ezinamafutha amancane, kuhlangene nokuvivinya umzimba okwenele kwemithambo yegazi ukugcina ukudla okunekhalori okungathathi hlangothi noma okuswele ikhalori, kulungile.

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Odokotela abaningi abanjengoDkt. Graber basebenzisana neziguli ukusiza ukulwa nokukhuluphala, futhi kunezinhlangano nezinhlangano ezingenakubalwa ezigxile ekuvimbeleni, ekwelapheni nasekukhuliseni ukuqwashisa ngokukhuluphala. Nazi ezinye izinhlangano nezikhungo ezigxile ekukhuluphaleni nasekuvimbeleni ukukhuluphala ngokweqile:

Singakwazi! wethule i- ikharikhulamu yemfundo yezempilo ukufundisa izingane ezineminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengu-5 ngokwenza izinqumo ezinempilo.
I-World Obesity Federation kusungulwe Usuku Lomhlaba Lokukhuluphala ngo-2015 ukuqaphela izinhlangano emhlabeni wonke nokwandisa ukuqwashisa ngenkinga yokukhuluphala emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sekhwalithi Yezempilo Yezingane kufinyelelwe Abantu abayi-149,000 kuya kwabangu-232,000 ngemiyalezo yasendaweni mayelana nesisindo esinempilo futhi uqeqeshwe kakhulu kune- Abaholi bendawo abangama-350 ukusebenzisana nezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala emiphakathini yabo.
I-Obesity Action Coalitionikhuthaza okungaphezu kwe- 70,000 abantu nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ukulwa nokuchema kwesisindo nokucwaswa.

Imishanguzo yokukhuluphala

Ukwelapha ukukhuluphala kungabandakanya okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
Ukuvivinya umzimba
Ukudla okunempilo
Imithi
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bariatric
Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwesisindo
Izinhlelo zebhaluni zesisu

Nayi imishanguzo yokukhuluphala eyaziwa futhi evame ukwenziwa:

Saxenda
Phikisa
Qsymia
Lapho
I-Xenical
UBelviq (noma kunjalo, UBelviq wahoxiswa kusuka emakethe yase-U.S. ngoFebhuwari 2020)

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Abanye imithi emisha , njengama-ejenti wesistimu yezinzwa aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-ejenti aqondene nesisu, angasiza ekunciphiseni isisindo. Le mithi njengamanje isezivivinyweni zokwelashwa.

Indlela enhle yokufunda kabanzi ngemithi yokwelashwa ngokweqile nemithi ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Uzokwazi ukukwenzela uhlelo lokwelashwa oluzokusiza ukuthi ufinyelele isisindo esinempilo.

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Imibuzo nezimpendulo zokukhuluphala

Kungani ukukhuluphala sekuvame kangaka?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukukhuluphala sekuvame kakhulu. Abantu badla ukudla okwenziwe kakhudlwana futhi okunamafutha amaningi, badla izingxenye ezinkulu, basebenza kancane, futhi bachitha isikhathi esiningi phambi kwezikrini. Lezi ngezinye nje zezizathu zokwanda kokukhuluphala emhlabeni jikelele.

Yimaphi amaphesenti amaMelika akhuluphele?

Cishe ama-40% abantu abadala baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu abakhuluphele. U-71.6% wabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu ukhuluphele, kufaka phakathi ukukhuluphala. ( Ucwaningo Lukazwelonke Lwezempilo Nokudla Okunomsoco , 2017-2018; IHarvard School of Health Public , 2020).

Yiziphi izifundazwe ezinabantu abakhuluphele kakhulu?

Lezi zifundazwe zinezinga eliphakeme lokukhuluphala, ngamazinga angaphezu kwama-35%:

I-Alabama
I-Arkansas
I-Iowa
EKentucky
ELouisiana
UMississippi
EMissouri
ENyakatho Dakota
ENtshonalanga Virginia

Athini amazinga wamanje wokukhuluphala kubantu abadala?

I-Centers for Disease Control (CDC) ilinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abadala abangama-40% e-United States abakhuluphele.

Ingabe ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kubangela ezinye izifo?

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha noma izifo ezifana nalezi:

Umdlavuza
Isifo sikashukela
Isifo senhliziyo
I-osteoarthritis
I-apnea yokulala
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
Unhlangothi

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Ingabe izifo ezithile zingadala ukukhuluphala?

Ezinye izifo zingadala noma zifake isandla ekukhuluphaleni:

Isifo sikaCushing
I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
I-Hypothyroidism
Ukumelana ne-insulin

Bangaki abantu ababulawa ukukhuluphala?

Ngeshwa, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungadala ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi yize kunzima ukwazi ukuthi bangaki abantu ababulawa ukukhuluphala, abanye izifundo balinganisela ukuthi bangu-300 000 ababulawa ukukhuluphala minyaka yonke e-U.S.