Isikhathi se-Flu 2020: Kungani ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili
Imfundo YezempiloIsizini yomkhuhlane 2020-21 | Umkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19 | Uthola nini umkhuhlane | Lapho ungathola khona umkhuhlane | Yini ongayilindela kusuka ku-2020 flu shot
Njalo inkathi yomkhuhlane ngumdlalo wokuqagela: Ama-flu flu kumele akhiqizwe kusasele izinyanga eziyisithupha kusengaphambili, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bezempilo balandelela umkhuhlane emhlabeni wonke ngokuqhubekayo futhi babheke emazweni aseningizimu yezwe, njenge-Australia, ukuthola izinkomba zokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingase zisakaze I-United States ngokuwa kwethu nobusika. Akunaso isiqinisekiso sokuthi lezo zinhlobo zizosakazeka lapha; futhi asikwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi zizosabalala kangakanani noma ukuthi umuthi wokugoma walowo nyaka uzosebenza kanjani ekulweni.
Kepha inkathi yomkhuhlane 2020-2021? Kuyinto ngisho Okuningi yomdlalo wokuqagela kunokujwayelekile, kepha hhayi ngoba ukuqonda kwethu umkhuhlane kushintshile. Ukungaqiniseki kwethu mayelana nenkathi yomkhuhlane yalo nyaka kukhona ngenxa yombuzo owodwa omkhulu: COVID-19.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-'inovel coronavirus 'ngesizathu, kusho uDavid Cutler, MD, udokotela wemithi yomndeni eProvidence Saint John's Health Centre eCalifornia. Kwakungekho ngisho ngaphambi kukaNovemba odlule futhi kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi kuzoziphatha kanjani.
Ukuzivikela kwakho okuhle kakhulu kumkhuhlane ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-coronavirus? Ukuthola umkhuhlane ! Kubalulekile ukuthola eyodwa njalo ngonyaka, kodwa kulo nyaka bekungeke kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kwabanye abantu, umkhuhlane ungadala izifo zesibili ezifana sinusitis , i-bronchitis , futhi inyumoniya . Ezinye zalezi zifo zingaze zibulale; I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ilandelela umsebenzi womkhuhlane futhi ibika ukuthi ngenkathi ka-2019-2020 yomkhuhlane kube nezigameko ezifika ezigidini ezingama-56 phakathi Ukufa kwabantu abangu-24,000 no-62,000 futhi noma yikuphi kusuka ezibhedlela ezingama-410,000 kuya ku-740,000.
Ngenxa yokuthi umkhuhlane unomthelela omkhulu kubantu baseMelika minyaka yonke, i-CDC incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 ubudala awuthole, ngaphandle kokumbalwa. Nakhu konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nesikhathi esizayo somkhuhlane nezinhlobo zemithi yokugoma enikezwayo, kanye nokuthi kufanele uthole eyakho nini futhi kuphi.
Isikhathi se-flu 2020-2021
Isikhathi esivamile somkhuhlane e-U.S. Siqala ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli, kanti izifo zanda phakathi kukaDisemba noFebhuwari. Isikhathi somkhuhlane we-2020 asilindelekile ukuthi siqale noma yini ekuqaleni konyaka ngoba i-COVID-19 iseduze, kepha kungaba yinkathi yomkhuhlane enzima kakhulu ngenxa yokusabalala ngasikhathi sinye kwe-coronavirus yenoveli.
Akukwenzi unayo ukuba njalo: Ngokusho kukaSandra Kesh, MD, iphini lomqondisi wezokwelapha kanye nochwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo eWestmed Medical Group, indawo eseningizimu ibone inkathi yomkhuhlane elinganisene kakhulu kunokujwayelekile — mhlawumbe ngenxa yazo zonke izindlela zokuzivikela abazithathile ukunciphisa Izifo ze-COVID-19, njenge ukuziqhelelanisa nomphakathi futhi ukugqoka imaski .
Lowo mbono ulandela lokho esikubone lapha e-U.S kule ntwasahlobo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkathi ezimbalwa zomkhuhlane ezedlule, umsebenzi wesizini yomkhuhlane we-2019/2020 wehlisiwe kusuka ekusakazekeni kuye ngezikhathi ezithile ezifundazweni eziningi eziningi phambilini — ngokuhambisana nesikhathi lapho i-coronavirus yamenyezelwa njenge ubhubhane futhi izindlela zokulawula ukutheleleka zaqala ukuvuselela futhi izifundazwe zaqala ukuvala.
Umkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19
Iqiniso lokuthi i-COVID-19 iyasakazeka alishintshi kakhulu ngobucayi bomkhuhlane; kuzosigulisa njengoba kuhlale kusenza, kusho uDkt. Kesh, kodwa isizathu esisabisa kakhulu kunakuqala kungenxa yosongo lokutheleleka ngokuhlanganyela.
Asazi ukuthi kwenzekani uma uthola womabili amagciwane ngasikhathi sinye… futhi awufuni ukuba ngumuntu ozokwazi, uDkt. Cutler uyaxwayisa.
Njengoba kuningi kwe- ukuhlangana kwesifo phakathi kwegciwane lomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane ovamile, ne-coronavirus , kuzoba nzima ukwazi ukuthi yini ekuhluphayo uma uthola umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, noma umphimbo obuhlungu; uma uthole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, noma kunjalo, izimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane zingase zingabi namandla kakhulu (futhi umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19).
Ngaphandle komuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19 otholakalayo, ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane we-2020 kuyinto eyodwa engcono kunazo zonke ongayenza ukugwema isibhakela esingalindelekile esisodwa nambili se-coronavirus nomkhuhlane.
OKUSHIWO: Coronavirus vs. umkhuhlane vs. umkhuhlane
Uthola nini umkhuhlane
Imishanguzo yemikhuhlane ivame ukuqala ukutholakala ngo-Agasti, kodwa kunokungavumelani phakathi kodokotela mayelana nesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuyithola. Njengoba amandla omzimba ethatha izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha kuphela, kungaba yinkohliso ukubeka isikhathi umuthi wokugoma: Uma kuyisikhathi sokuqala komkhuhlane, ufuna ukuvikelwa nge-ASAP… kepha futhi ufuna lokho kuvikelwa kuhlale isikhathi sonke somkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi uma ukusabalala kuqala ngemuva kwesikhathi ekwindla.
Kulo nyaka, noma kunjalo, ukusabalala ngasikhathi sinye kwe-COVID-19 kusho ukuthi awufuni ukuzibeka engcupheni ulahlekelwe yithuba lakho lokuvikelwa ngumkhuhlane .
Engikutshela abantu ukuthi kungcono umuntu obeka engcupheni ejwayelekile ukuthi ayithole ngokushesha lapho isitholakala, uDkt Kesh weluleka. Ngezigaba ezinobungozi obuphakeme, sifuna ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuhlale isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kuzo bengizohlose u-Okthoba.
OKUSHIWO: Yini abantu abadala okufanele bayenze ukuzivikela ku-coronavirus
Lapho ungathola khona umkhuhlane
Imigomo yokugomela imikhuhlane ibilokhu ikhona futhi isazoqhubeka nokutholakala ngezindlela zokwelashwa njengabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kanye namahhovisi ezingane. Muva nje, kunamakhemisi amaningi endawo (nezitolo ezinkulu zamabhokisi, njengeWalmart neTarget) abelokhu enikela ngemikhuhlane, futhi-futhi ungalindela ukubona okuningi kwalokho kulo nyaka.
Uhulumeni uzama ukukhipha imishanguzo ngokusebenzisa amakhemisi kakhulu kulo nyaka ukugwema ukuminyana emahhovisi odokotela, kusho uDkt. Kesh, okusho ukuthi kufanele kube lula kunakuqala ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi ethile.
Iningi lamaketanga ekhemisi-kusuka ku-Rite Aid kuya ku-CVS kuya kuma-Walgreens - akhulisa imikhankaso yawo yokukhuthaza imikhuhlane vele enezinye izixwayiso ze-COVID engqondweni. Amaketanga amakhulu ekhemisi ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokushisa kwesiguli nokugqoka izihlangu zobuso ngenkathi ugoma ukuphepha kweziguli. Futhi lapho ngaphambili izingane ezincane zazingathola umkhuhlane odutshulwe kuphela lapho zivakashele udokotela wazo wezingane, uMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Usanda kushintsha leyo nqubomgomo, ukugunyaza osokhemisi ukuba banikeze imigomo yezingane , kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane, emzameni wokwenza ukuvikeleka emkhuhlane kube lula ukuza.
UDkt. Kesh wengeza ukuthi iningi labakhiqizi bemithi yokugoma bayakhuphula umkhiqizo wabo ukuze baphendule kulokho iCDC ethemba ukuthi kuzoba yisidingo esiphakeme semithi yokugoma: Kwamanye amazwe, abantu abaningi bayagonywa kulo nyaka kunokujwayelekile — eminyakeni edlule, mhlawumbe ama-50% abantu baseMelika ngiyitholile, futhi kulo nyaka i-CDC inethemba lama-65%.
Ithemba ngukuthi lapho abantu abaningi begonywa, amacala omkhuhlane amancane esizowabona — ukunciphisa uhlelo lwezempilo oselusindwa kakade phakathi nalolu bhubhane.
Yini ongayilindela kumuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane we-2020-2021
Kunemithi yokugoma ehlukene eyisishiyagalolunye ekukhiqizweni, kusho uDkt. Cutler, kodwa yonke izohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo zomkhuhlane. (Abakhiqizi abahlukene bakhiqiza imigomo ehlukene yokuqinisekisa ukuthi kunokwanela ukuzungeza.)
Imikhuba eminingi izokhetha eyodwa yezinhlobo ezintathu zaleyo mithi yokugoma eyisishiyagalolunye: isifutho samakhala, umjovo ojovwayo ojwayelekile, kanye nomuthi wokugomela ohlanganisayo, usho kanjalo.
| Izinhlobo zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane | Amagama omkhiqizo | Ngubani ongayithola | Thola isigqebhezana |
| Isifutho se-Nasal (umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ophila bukhoma) | I-Flumist | Abantu abaneminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-49 abangakhulelwe, abangakhubazeki emzimbeni, abakaze babhekane nomkhuhlane, futhi abangenayo i-asthma noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziningana | Thola ikhadi le-Rx |
| Umjovo ojwayelekile | I-Afluria, iFluarix, iFluzone, iFluLaval | Noma ngubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha | Thola isigqebhezana se-Afluria Thola isigqebhezana seFluarix Thola isigqebhezana seFluzone Thola ikhuphoni le-Flulaval |
| I-Fluad, i-Fluzone High-Dose | Noma ngubani ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 | Thola isigqebhezana se-Fluad Thola ikhuphoni le-Fluzone High-Dose | |
| Okuphindayo (akunamaqanda) | I-Flublok | Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 abanokungezwani namaqanda; imifino | Thola isigqebhezana seFlublok |
| Kususelwa kuseli (ngaphandle kweqanda) | I-Flucelvax | Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-4 abanokungezwani namaqanda; imifino | Thola isigqebhezana seFlucelvax |
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomkhuhlane ezithelela abantu ngu-A no-B, futhi ngalunye luye lube nokuhlukahluka kohlobo lwalo ekusakazeni unyaka nonyaka. Imishanguzo yomkhuhlane manje seyijwayelekile i-quadrivalent , okusho ukuthi bakhombe izingcindezi ezine sezizonke — ezimbili u-A no-mbili B. Imikhuhlane ejwayelekile i-A strains, i-H1N1 ne-H3N2, iguquka kaningi kusuka onyakeni kuya komunye, kepha imikhuhlane engu-B iyahlukahluka, kusho uDkt. Izinhlobo zama-A zalo nyaka zihlukile kunangonyaka odlule kodwa amagciwane e-B ahambisana kakhulu nalokho okusetshenziswe esikhathini esedlule.
Noma imishanguzo emisha yomkhuhlane iguqulwe ukuze ihlose kangcono ochwepheshe bezinhlobo cabanga izosakazwa kulo nyaka, ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokugoma kusalokhu kunjalo: cishe 40% kuya ku-60% .
Ngoba kufanele zenziwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, asikutholi ukusebenza ngo-100%, kusho uDkt Kesh. Iqiniso lokuthi yingxenye yabantu kuphela ethola umkhuhlane nhlobo futhi yehlisa ukusebenza okuphelele, ngoba amazinga okugoma aphansi akhulisa ukusabalala komphakathi . Umngcele wokuzivikela womhlambi umele igciwane lomkhuhlane 33% kuya ku-44% .
Okubalulekile
Kukho konke ukwethembeka, akekho owaziyo ukuthi inkathi yomkhuhlane ka-2020 izokuba mbi kangakanani. Yize sazi ukuthi yimaphi amagciwane abelokhu ejikeleza eningizimu yezwe, asazi ukuthi iziphi ezizosabalala kabanzi lapha — futhi omunye umthwalo walokho kusakazeka uhlala kithi.
Uma siqhubeka nokugqoka izifihla-buso zomphakathi esidlangalaleni, ukuqhela emphakathini, ukugeza izandla, nokuhlala ekhaya lapho sigula, singakwazi ukugcina izinombolo zethu zomkhuhlane ziphansi. Futhi-ke, enye ingxenye yephazili ekwehliseni ukusabalala umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.
Isifutho nesibhamu kusebenza ngokulinganayo — into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufaka umuthi wokugoma kuwe, kusho uDkt. Kesh. Akukho lutho olungenabungozi, kodwa ingozi yakho yokuthola umkhuhlane nokuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi ingozi yokuthola umuthi wokugoma.
