Konke odinga ukukwazi ngokunikela ngegazi

Ukuphila kahle

Nsuku zonke, iziguli e-United States zidinga amayunithi angama-36,000 wamaseli abomvu egazi, ngokusho kwe- I-American Red Cross . Kuyinto yokwelashwa okusindisa impilo ehlala ifunwa kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye ngoba iminikelo yegazi ayihlali unomphela. Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisindisa ukuphila, imikhiqizo yegazi iyonakala futhi ayikwazi ukugcinwa noma yenziwe, kusho uYvette Miller, MD, oyisikhulu sezokwelapha e-American Red Cross. Amaseli egazi abomvu anempilo eshalofini yezinsuku ezingama-42, kanti ama-platelet kufanele asetshenziswe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu.

Ngenkathi abantu beqhelile emakhaya ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19, ukushayela okuningi kwegazi kukhanseliwe. Izinkulungwane ze-American Red Cross eziqhutshwa yigazi zithintwe yi-COVID-19 futhi ukukhanselwa ezweni lonke kuholele emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zeminikelo yegazi, kuchaza uDkt. Kodwa-ke, isidingo segazi sihlala njalo futhi siye saqhubeka kulo lonke lolu bhubhane. Ukumpontshelwa igazi lonke akulona ukwelashwa kwe-coronavirus yenoveli, kepha i-convalescent plasma (ingxenye yegazi elivela kubantu ababelulame kuleligciwane) isetshenziselwe ukwelapha ezinye iziguli ezibucayi. Ngamanye amagama, ubhadane lomhlaba jikelele lukhulise isidingo esivele sikhona.

Balinganiselwa ku-3% kuphela abantu abafanelekile abanikela ngegazi minyaka yonke. Uma ufuna indlela elula yokusiza umuntu, futhi unikela okokuqala ngqa, qala lapha ukuze ufunde izisekelo.

Ukubhaliswa nokufaneleka

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi ufanelekile yini ukunikela ngegazi, nokuthi uzonikela kuphi.

Ubani onganikela ngegazi?

Izidingo eziyinhloko zokufaneleka ngobudala nangesisindo. Kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka engu-17 ubudala, ube nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-110, futhi ube nempilo enhle.Uma ungumuntu ophilile, ungangena, futhi bazohlola abantu abangekho endaweni ekahle yokunikela, uthiUJoyce Mikal-Flynn, EdD, FNP, umsunguli nomsunguli we I-MetaHab .

Kunezimo ezithile zezempilo, izindawo ohambela kuzo, nezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezikwenza ungafaneleki ukunikela okubandakanya i-anemia, ukukhulelwa, umdlavuza, i-HIV, i-hepatitis, nokuba nama-tattoos amasha noma ukubhoboza. Phambilini bekunemikhawulo ebivimbela amadoda amaningi athandana nabesilisa nabesifazane ukuthi anikele. Muva nje, ekuphenduleni kwesidingo esikhuphukile ngenxa ye-COVID-19, i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) izikhulule lezo imihlahlandlela . Ngokusho kukaKim Langdon, MD, uchwepheshe obambe iqhaza ku I-Poding yomzali , okubandakanya i-kulandela izinguquko, ezizosetshenziswa ngokushesha, kusiqondiso sangoDisemba 2015:

• Kubanikeli besilisa ababezodalulwa ngokuya ocansini nenye indoda: Ushintsho ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlehliswa esinconywayo sisuka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ziye ezinyangeni ezintathu.
• Kwabanikeli besifazane ababezodalulwa ngokuya ocansini nowesilisa owalala nenye indoda: Ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi sokuhlehliswa kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuye ezinyangeni ezintathu.
• Okwalabo abanama-tatoo nokubhoboza kwakamuva: I-ejensi iguqula isikhathi sokuhlehliswa esinconywayo kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuye ezinyangeni ezintathu.

OKUSHIWO: Ubani onganikela ngegazi-futhi ngubani ongakwazi

Ngibhalisela kanjani ukunikela?

Sesha ifayela le- Indawo yase-American Red Cross , Isayithi lezikhungo zegazi laseMelika , noma AABB.org ukuthola idrayivu yegazi noma isikhungo sokunikela esiseduze nawe. Ungacelwa ukuthi ugcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo olufushane oluku-inthanethi ngolwazi oluyisisekelo, njengegama lakho, usuku lokuzalwa, nemininingwane yokuxhumana nawe. Izikhungo eziningi zeminikelo zendawo zizokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe isikhathi esiku-inthanethi. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga nje ukufika esikhungweni ngosuku nesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho.

Uma ukhetha, ungashayela no-1-800-RED-CROSS. Uma ungumuntu onikela njalo, ungahlala udala igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ngesikhungo sakho sendawo ukwenza kube lula ukubhalisa ngokuzayo.

Inqubo yokunikela ngegazi

Ukunikelwa ngegazi kuphephile, kuyashesha, futhi abantu abaningi ngeke babe nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, kunezinyathelo ezithile ongazithatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunikela kwakho ngegazi okokuqala kuyinto enhle, nokuthi uzizwa ungcono kakhulu emva kokunikela.

Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe

Ukulungiselela ukunikela ngegazi kufanele kuqale okungenani usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba abanikeli bangene endaweni yokushayela igazi noma esikhungweni sokunikela ngegazi. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu badle ukudla okunomsoco ngayizolo, baphumule kahle ebusuku futhi baphuze iziphuzo ezengeziwe, kusho uDkt. Miller. Zonke lezo zinyathelo zizosiza ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi usesimeni esifanelekile somzimba womnikelo. Ukwehla emzimbeni kunganyusa amathuba okuzizwa uphela amandla, ngemuva kokunikela noma kwenze kube nzima ukuthola umthambo.

Ngosuku lokunikela ngegazi abantu kufanele baphuze ama-ounces angu-16 amanzi, badle ukudla okunempilo futhi bagqoke ihembe eligingqika ngenhla kwendololwane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-phlebotomists akwazi ukuqeda umnikelo wegazi kalula, kuchaza uDkt. Ngaphambi kokuhamba ekhaya, abantu kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bane-ID yabo yezithombe futhi babe nesifihla-buso sobuso noma isembozo sobuso abazogqoka lapho bengena egazini.

Ukunikela ngegazi kubhekwa njengensizakalo ebalulekile ezindaweni eziningi, ngakho-ke noma ngabe izwe lakho lihlala kuma-oda asekhaya endaweni, uzokwazi ukunikela.Abasebenzi bacacile futhi banonembeza ngokugcina abantu bephephile ku-COVID-19, kusho uMikal-Flynn.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kwegazi akubhekwa njengokuhlangana kwabantu abaningi, kunalokho kuyimicimbi elawulwayo enabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nezinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha ukuvikela abanikela ngegazi nalabo abalamukelayo, kuchaza uDkt. Miller.

Emnikelweni wegazi lakho

Lapho befika lapho kuqhutshwa khona igazi, abantu ngamunye kuzothathwa izinga lokushisa kwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi baphile ngokwanele ukungena, kusho uDkt. Ngemuva kokufaka idrayivu, bazocelwa ukuthi banikeze amagama abo, ikheli, inombolo yocingo kanye ne-ID yesithombe.

Isinyathelo sesibili ngumlando wezempilo lapho labo abangabaxhasi bezobuzwa imibuzo ngesikhathi sokuxoxwa ngasese nangokuyimfihlo ngomlando wabo wezempilo kanye nezindawo ezihanjiwe, kusho uDkt. Isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lakho liphephile ukunikela ngalo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uphendula imibuzo ngokuthembeka. Izofaka ne-mini-physical lapho abasebenzi behlola khona izinga lokushisa, i-hemoglobin, umfutho wegazi nokushaya ngamandla.

Uma nje ungenayo i-anemic futhi ungenayo eminye imibandela, unganikela ngegazi, kusho uLangdon.

Isinyathelo sesithathu sithatha abanikeli esihlalweni somnikelo, lapho siqoqa khona umnikelo wegazi, kusho uDkt. Uzohlala endaweni enethezekile kungaba ukuhlala noma ukubeka phansi. Abasebenzi bazohlanza ingalo yomnikeli, bese kulandela ingcosana esheshayo, isikhwama sizoqala ukugcwaliswa… Lapho sekuqoqwe cishe ipayinti legazi, umnikelo usuke usuphelile, futhi umsebenzi uzobhandisha ingalo, kuchaza uDkt. Miller .

Ukunikelwa okuphelele kwegazi kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10. Uma unikela nge-plasma noma ama-platelets, kungathatha isikhathi eside. Lezo zinhlobo zeminikelo zisebenzisa inqubo ebizwa nge- apheresis, okusho nje ukuthi igazi lakho lihlungwa ngomshini onamathele ezingalweni zombili ngenkathi unikela. Umshini uthatha ingxenye yegazi edingwa isikhungo, bese ushintsha okusele emzimbeni wakho. Le nqubo ingathatha amahora amabili ukunikela nge-plasma nokunikela ngeplatelet.

Ngemuva kokunikela ngegazi

Lapho umnikelo wakho usuqedile, uzonikezwa isiphuzo nesidlwana, kanye nemiyalo yokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ngemuva kokunikela. Konke kumayelana nokushintsha uketshezi olulahlekile ngokunikela ngegazi, ngokusho kukaMikhal-Flynn.

Abanye abantu baba nemiphumela engemihle ngokunikela ngegazi, njengokuzizwa uphela amandla, unamakhanda alula, unesiyezi, uyaxanxatheka, noma uyajuluka. Imvamisa leyo mizwa ihlala kuphela imizuzu embalwa, futhi ithuthuke ngokudla nange-hydration.

Ungase futhi ube nomhuzuko lapho kwafakwa khona inaliti. Uma uhlangabezana nesicanucanu esiqhubekayo noma ikhanda elikhanyayo, ubuhlungu noma ukuba ndikindiki engalweni yakho, iqhubu eliphakanyisiwe noma ukopha okuqhubekayo, kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma isikhungo sabanikeli.

Imvamisa, imiyalo yokunikela ngemuva ifaka phakathi ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi, nokugwema ukubhema noma ukuphuza utshwala okungenani amahora angama-24. Linda amasonto ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi futhi.

Umthelela womnikelo wakho

Ngemuva komnikelo wakho, igazi lakho elinikelwe lithunyelwa esikhungweni sokucubungula. Ngokuvamile, igazi lihlukaniswa libe izingxenye zalo ezintathu, i-plasma, ama-platelets namaseli abomvu — ingxenye ngayinye ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izidingo ezingafani. Kufakwe kumayunithi, okuyimali ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukufaka ukumpontshelwa. Iminikelo yegazi ihanjiswa emabhange egazi esibhedlela.

Isizathu esisobala kakhulu sokunikela ukusiza abantu, kusho uMikal-Flynn. Ngisho nangalesi sikhathi, kuba khona ukuhlukumezeka. Igazi liyadingeka ukusiza ekunakekelweni kweziguli. Iziguli zingadinga ukumpontshelwa uma zopha kakhulu ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo, njengengozi yemoto noma ukuhlinzwa. Zingaba yingxenye yokwelashwa kwezimo ezithile zezempilo, njengomdlavuza noma i-sickle cell anemia .

Abanikeli begazi base-Afrika baseMelika bangasiza iziguli ezilwa nesifo se-sickle cell. Iziguli ezinesifo sokugula ikakhulukazi zivela e-Afrika futhi zidinga ukumpontshelwa igazi kaningi kubantu abanobuhlanga nobuzwe obufanayo ukuvimbela izinkinga ezikhona lapho kwelashwa ngokumpontshelwa, kusho uDkt. Ngeshwa, kusukela maphakathi no-Mashi sibone inani labanikela ngegazi base-Afrika baseMelika lehla ngaphezu kwengxenye. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi sikholelwa ukuthi leli nani lehle kakhulu ngenxa yokukhanselwa kwegazi emabhizinisini, emasontweni, nasezikoleni, kanye namanani angenakulinganiswa okutheleleka nge-COVID-19 kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu, kusho uDkt. Ngenkathi siyibona le nselele, iRed Cross idinga usizo lwabanikeli begazi base-Afrika baseMelika ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwegazi okuhlukahlukene.

Lapho igazi lakho lilungele ukusiza abanye, lihlolwe uhlobo lwegazi nezimo ezithile. Lokho kuyinzuzo eyodwa yomnikelo, ngaphandle kokusiza abantu: Kuwukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwamahhala. Uzokwaziswa nganoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuhle, futhi ungathola mayelana nezimo ezingaphansi, njengensimbi ephansi.

Uzofunda nohlobo lwegazi lakho: A, B, AB, noma u-O. Kunezindlela ezithile igazi eliqondaniswa ngazo nokumpontshelwa igazi okuphephile, futhi nohlobo lwegazi luyingxenye yalokho. Uhlobo O- luhlobo lwegazi jikelele, okusho ukuthi, lunganikezwa iziguli ezinanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Uhlobo lwe-AB + plasma ngumnikeli we-plasma jikelele. Uma unolunye lwalezi zinhlobo zegazi, umnikelo wakho ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba nguyena oceliwe kakhulu, futhi uvame ukutholakala kancane.

Ukunikela ngegazi okukodwa kungonga izimpilo ezifika kwezintathu, ngokusho kwe-American Red Cross. Ayikwazi ukwenziwa, kufanele inikezwe ngabantu abaphilile. Othile e-U.S. Udinga igazi njalo ngemizuzwana emibili. Lokho kunezela amayunithi afinyelela kuma-7,000 wamaplatelets namayunithi ayi-10 000 e-plasma. Abantu abangamaphesenti angama-38 banelungelo lokunikela. Ukuqokwa kwakho kungasiza ukuba yingxenye yesixazululo kothile oswele.