Ungakubuyisa kanjani ukunambitheka nephunga ngemuva kwe-coronavirus

Izindaba

OKUSHA KWE-CORONAVIRUS: Njengoba ochwepheshe befunda kabanzi nge-coronavirus yenoveli, izindaba nolwazi lushintsha. Okwamuva ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sicela uvakashele Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo .

Imfiva, ukuqaqamba komzimba, nokukhwehlela okomile yizimpawu eziphawuleka nge-COVID-19; isifo esibangelwa i-coronavirus yenoveli. Ezinye izimpawu ezimbili zezinzwa ziye zabikwa kabanzi kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi zibhekwa njengesibonakaliso sokuqala esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu sokutheleleka: ukulahleka kwephunga (anosmia) nokunambitheka (ageusia). Kepha kuyini ukusabalala kwalo mphumela wecala elingalingani? Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe zikhona ezinye izifo ezingadala lezi zimpawu? Qhubeka ufunde ukuthola izimpendulo zale mibuzo.

Kuvame kangakanani ukulahleka kokunambitheka nephunga kusuka ku-coronavirus?

Cishe i-74% yeziguli ze-COVID-19 zilahlekelwa umuzwa wokuhogela, ngokusho kuka isifundo esisodwa . Amaningi futhi alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo wokunambitha — mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi ukunambitheka namaphunga kuhlangene. Ngamanye amagama, ukulahleka kokunambitha nephunga kungenye yezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-COVID-19. Imvamisa, kungesinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala ezibonakalayo ukuthi umuntu kungenzeka ukuthi unenkontileka ye-i-coronavirus.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, odokotela bazi ukuthi izifo zokuphefumula ezithinta ukuphefumula ziyisizathu esivame kakhulu sokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwephunga, kushoUJaveed Siddiqui MD, MPH, isikhulu sezokwelapha e I-TeleMed2U . Ngobhadane lwakamuva lwe-SARS-CoV-2, ucwaningo oluningi lwezifo ezibonisa izifo ezithathelwanayo lubonise ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2 kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu e-anosmia (noma ukulahleka kwephunga) okwake kwabonwa ngaphambilini nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Kunobufakazi obuthile lokho kulahleka kokunambitha nephunga kungaba okuvame kakhulu ngezinhlobo zesifo eziphakathi nendawo kuya kokulingene, ngokungafani namacala abucayi. Kuphela ngama-26.9% eziguli ezibhedlela ezine-COVID-19 ezibike i-anosmia, kuyilapho u-66.7% wezifo ze-COVID-19 ziphathwe njengeziguli ezingaphandle zibike lesi sifo, ngokusho kwe-UC San Diego Health . Amaphesenti afanayo atholakele ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka.

Ngabe i-coronavirus ikubangela kanjani ukulahleka kokunambitha nephunga?

Ososayensi basaqhubeka nokufunda ukuthi i-COVID-19 ibangela kanjani ukunganambitheki nokunuka kokungasebenzi, yize besola ukuthi kuhilela uhlelo lwezinzwa. Abaphenyi baseHarvard Medical School bakholelwa ukuthi bakhombe izinhlobo zamaseli ku-bulb olfactory (etholakala engxenyeni ephezulu yamakhala) ezisengozini yokutheleleka ngegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2, futhi muva nje bashicilele imiphumela yabo . Ukuqonda kangcono umqondo we-anosmia (noma ukulahleka kwephunga), okokuqala sidinga ukuxoxa ngokuthi ulwelwesi lwekhala lwakhiwe ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi yi-olfactory epithelium (OE), kusho uDkt. Siddiqui. Indima eyinhloko ye-OE ukuthola iphunga. Njengoba uDkt. Siddiqui echaza, indawo eyinhloko yokutheleleka kwaleli gciwane ebangela i-COVID-19 yi-nasopharynx, okuyingxenye ephezulu yomphimbo, ngemuva kwekhala.

Siyazi ukuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 isebenzisa i-ACE2 receptor (iphrotheni ebusweni bezinhlobo eziningi zamaseli) ukuthola ukungena kumaseli ahlukene emzimbeni, kuchaza uDkt Siddiqui. Iqembu locwaningo laseHarvard lithole ukuthi amaseli akhethekile ngaphakathi kwe-olfactory epithelium aveza ama-ACE2 receptors ngemvamisa ephezulu. Kanjalo isizathu esingenzeka sokulahleka kwephunga kungenxa yokutheleleka okuqondile kwamaseli we-olfactory epithelium yi-SARS-CoV-2. Ngamanye amagama, i-COVID-19 ayitheleleli ngqo izinzwa zezinzwa ezithwala iphunga eliya ebuchosheni. Kuthinta ukuthi amaseli asekelayo asebenza kanjani.

Indlela igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 elibangela ngayo ukulahleka kwephunga nokunambitheka kungahle kube nzima, kepha uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa yilezi zinzwa kuyasiza ukwazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 okubandakanya:

• Imfiva / amakhaza
• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kuhlangene nokulahleka kwezinzwa, kufanele ushayele umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ezinye izimbangela zokulahleka kokunambitha nephunga

Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wakho wokunambitha nephunga akusho ukuthi une-COVID-19. Ukuhlolwa okuhle kokutheleleka okusebenzayo, noma ukuba khona kwama-antibody egazini lakho ukuphela kobufakazi beqiniso bokutheleleka kwe-coronavirus. Kunezinye izincazelo eziningi zokulahleka kwale mizwa emibili, kufaka phakathi:

• Amagciwane: Amagciwane afana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile angadala ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka noma iphunga.
• Ukungezwani komzimba: Ukungezwani komzimba kanye ne-nonallergic rhinitis (ukuqina kwamakhala okungabangelwa ukungezwani komzimba noma i-hay fever) nakho kungadala ukuncipha kwephunga.
• Polyp acinene: Ama-polyps amakhulu acinene angavimba izindinyana zamakhala ezidala ukuphefumula kanzima, ukulahleka kwephunga, ikhala eligijimayo, kanye nokutheleleka okungapheli kwesono.
• Izimo zezokwelapha: Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingadala ukuncipha kwephunga kubandakanya isifo i-Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, nesifo sikaParkinson. Izinguquko zehomoni, njengesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, nazo zingadala ushintsho ekunambithekeni nasekunukeleni.
• Ukulimala ekhanda noma ukulimala ekhaleni: Ukulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokunambitha nephunga.
• Imithi: Imithi ethile ingadala ukwehla kokunambitha nephunga kufaka ama-antibiotic, imithi yenhliziyo, nemithi yomfutho wegazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemikhiqizo ye-intranasal zinc noma ama-decongestants nakho kungadala ukulahleka kokunambitha nephunga.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Imisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ekhanda nasentanyeni kungadala umuzwa obuthakathaka wokunambitha nephunga.

Inzwa yokuhogela nayo iyancipha ngokwemvelo njengoba sikhula. Uma ukhathazekile ngokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nephunga xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ungawuhlola kanjani ngokuphepha umuzwa wakho wokunambitha nephunga

Ngenkathi i-COVID-19 inezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, ngokusho kwamaCentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , ukulahleka okusha kokunambitha nephunga kuvame ukuphela kwesibonakaliso abantu abaningi abanesifo abasibonayo. Ngakho-ke, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuvivinya lezi zinzwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngenqubo yasekhaya ebizwa nge-jellybean test, njengoba kubikwe yi-CNN .

USteven Munger, umqondisi weCentre for Smell and Taste e-University of Florida, uthi isivivinyo singenziwa ngokubamba i-jellybean ngesandla esisodwa ebe umboze ikhala lakho ngokuphelele ngesinye isandla; ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukugeleza komoya. Ngemuva kwalokho, ufake i-jellybean emlonyeni wakho bese uyayihlafuna. Ngenkathi usahlafuna, ususa isandla sakho ebesimboze ikhala lakho futhi uma umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ungaphelele, kufanele ubhalise iphunga nokunambitheka kwejellybean ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-retro nasal olfaction, futhi kwenzeka lapho iphunga ligeleza lisuka ngemuva komlomo wakho linyuke ngepharynx yakho yamakhala futhi lingene emgodini wamakhala wakho.

Uma uhluleka ukuhlolwa kwe-jellybean, kungaba uphawu lokuthi une-COVID-19 Ungabuza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma udinga ukuhlolwa, noma uxoxe ngokuthola iphunga elilula. Isivivinyo sihilela ukuhogela iphunga elihlukile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene futhi kuvame ukwenziwa ngudokotela wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo noma udokotela wezinzwa. Lokhu kungaba futhi uphawu lokuthi une-COVID-19.

Ungakuthola kanjani ukunambitha nephunga (nokuthi uzobona nini umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo)

Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wakho wokunambitha nephunga kungazwakala kuthusa — kuthiwani uma ungeke unuke ukuvuza kwegesi? Noma ukudla okushisayo? It ibuye ihlotshaniswe ne- ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi abantu abaningi abalahlekelwe ukunambitheka nephunga kusuka ku-coronavirus kufanele bakubuyise kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa.

Iziguli ezingaphezu kwezimbili kwezintathu ze- [COVID-19] zivame ukubuyisa umuzwa wazo wokunambitha nephunga kungakapheli amasonto amathathu, kusho Omid Mehdizadeh , MD, otolaryngologist (ENT) nodokotela we-laryngologist eProvidence Saint John's Health Centre eSanta Monica, CA. Kwabanye abantu, noma kunjalo, ukulahleka kwale mizwa kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi baphinde bathole. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabonisa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zeziguli zisabika ukunuka nokunambitheka kokuphazamiseka emavikini ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa ukuphuma ekuthelelekeni kwe- [COVID-19], kuxwayisa uDkt. Enqubeni yokuthola ukunambitheka, ungahle ubhekane ne-dysgeusia, noma ukuhlanekezela ukunambitheka kwakho, lapho izinto ezithile zinganambitha ngendlela efanayo ezazisebenzisa ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19.

Izimpawu ongazidinga ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nephunga zifaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa iphunga isikhathi eside (okungaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa)
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Ubuhlungu
• Umsele wamanzi acinene
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Kuphuma igazi ekhaleni
• Imfiva

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisa umuzwa wakho wokuhogela kanye / noma ukunambitha ngemuva kwe-COVID-19, kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo futhi angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe we-otolaryngology.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwephunga

Ezimweni zokulahleka kwephunga okuthelelekayo, okuyi-COVID-19 yinye, ukunukelwa kokuvuselela iphunga kuboniswe ukuthi kunikeza ukululama, kushoUDkt. Mehdizadeh. Utusa ukunukaamaphunga anamandla — noma amafutha abalulekile — njengamawolintshi ashisiwe, uketshezi lukalamula, ugamthilini nama-clove kathathu noma kane ngosuku izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvuselela imizwa ye-olfactory.

Imithi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDkt. Mehdizadeh uthi kukhona neminye imithi umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angayinikeza okubandakanya:

• I-Nasal steroid sprays: I-Flonase (i-fluticasone) , I-Nasacort (i-triamcinolone) , I-Nasonex (mometasone)
• Ama-steroids omlomo: Prednisone , IMethylprednisolone (medrol)

Ngokusho kukaDkt Mehdizadeh, Eminye imithi kubandakanya UGinkgo Biloba , Izinki , I-Alpha Lipoic Acid , futhi Theophylline kuphakanyisiwe, kepha ukusebenza kwabo ngempumelelo akubonakalisiwe.

Ngoba i-COVID-19 idalwa yigciwane lenoveli (okusho uhlobo olusha olungazange lukhonjwe phambilini), abacwaningi nososayensi basaqhubeka nokufunda kabanzi ngemiphumela yalo emzimbeni nsuku zonke; kufaka phakathi ukuthi kuthinta kanjani umuzwa wethu wokuhogela nokunambitha. Ngokuqapha lezi zinzwa, nokwazi noma iziphi izinguquko, singasiza ukuzigcina thina nalabo abasizungezile siphephile futhi siphilile.