Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza abesilisa abakudingayo

Imfundo Yezempilo

Cabanga ngawo wonke amadoda emndenini wakho — obaba, obabamkhulu, abafowenu, omalume. Ngokwezibalo, umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-9 kubo uzotholakala enomdlavuza wendlala yesinye esikhathini esithile sempilo yakhe. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi, ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza okulungile, cishe bonke bazosinda. Lapho kutholakala umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ngesikhathi sokuqala — okuwukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usabalalele engxenyeni ekude yomzimba — izinga lokusinda cishe liyi-100%, ngokusho I-SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) egcinwe yiNational Cancer Institute (NCI) .

Eqinisweni, izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza zinezinga eliphakeme lokusinda lapho odokotela bewasheshe bawathola. Kungakho ifayili le- I-NCI incoma ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kwabesilisa ngomdlavuza ovame kakhulu eminyakeni ethile.

Ngubani okufanele athole ukuhlolwa komdlavuza?

Wonke amadoda kufanele ahlolwe umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa, umdlavuza wamathumbu, nomdlavuza wamasende, kusho U-Anjali Malik, MD , uchwepheshe we-radiologist nomdlavuza eWashington, DC. Abesilisa abasengozini enkulu, njengabantu ababhemayo noma abantu abanomlando womndeni, nabo kufanele bahlolwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Futhi abantu abane-syndromes ethile yezofuzo, abathatha imishanguzo ethile, noma abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza we-pancreatic kufanele nabo bahlolwe lokho.

Kepha kuthiwani uma ngabe uphilile ngenye indlela futhi ungenazo izici zomdlavuza?

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okwenzelwe iziguli ezingenasifo, ngakho-ke nalabo abanempilo enhle badinga ukuhlolwa njalo ngemihlahlandlela ye-NCCN, kusho uDkt Malik. I-NCCN yiNational Comprehensive Cancer Network. Imihlahlandlela yayo yamukelwa njengezinga lemikhuba yokwelashwa nokunakekelwa komdlavuza.

Kufanele amadoda ahlolwe umdlavuza nini?

Uhlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza lunezici zalo zobungozi ezihlobene nobudala. Landela lo mhlahlandlela wokuhlolwa komdlavuza ngamadoda ngokobudala nangohlobo lomdlavuza, noma sebenzisa izixhumanisi ezingezansi ukweqa esigabeni.

• Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye
• Umdlavuza wamasende
• Umdlavuza weColorectal (colon)
• Eminye imidlavuza

Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye

Iminyaka yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye: Ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke kufanele kuqale eminyakeni engama-40 kwabesilisa abanesihlobo sokuqala esine-prostate noma umdlavuza webele, kusho Futhi Sperling , MD, umqondisi wezokwelapha weSperling Prostate Center eDelray Beach, eFlorida. Kwabesilisa base-Afrika baseMelika abangenazo ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, nakwabesilisa abanazo zonke ezinye izinto ezinobungozi iminyaka yokuqala ukuqala ukuhlolwa ingama-45, futhi iminyaka yobudala ingama-50 yawo wonke amadoda. Uyakuphawula lokho Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC) ziphakamisa ukulahla ukuhlolwa kwendlala yesilisa kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-70 uma benempilo enhle ngenye indlela. Kepha njengoba amadoda amadala ejwayele ukuba nesifo esinolaka kakhulu uma kutholakala ukuthi sekwephuzile empilweni, uDkt Sperling uncoma ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke inqobo nje uma indoda ineminyaka okungenani eyishumi yeminyaka yokuphila.

Izici zobungozi: Umdlavuza wokuqala wesibeletho awunazo izimpawu, kusho uDkt. Sperling. Ngakho-ke amadoda anezici zobungozi ezilandelayo kufanele ahlolwe i-PSA minyaka yonke ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuqala eneminyaka yobudala engama-45: umlando womndeni wesibeletho noma umdlavuza webele; ubuhlanga (abesilisa base-Afrika baseMelika babonakala besengozini enkulu, yize lokhu kuye kwabuzwa njengempahla yezomnotho kanye nejografi); ubudala (ingozi yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye inyuka njengamadoda amadala); ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ezifana ne-Agent Orange, njll .; imikhuba emibi yokuphila exhunyaniswe nokukhuluphala, ukuvuvukala nesifo sikashukela.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho: Iningi lezici zomdlavuza wesibeletho zingaphezu kwamandla akho. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi unciphise ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza ngokudla amafutha aphansi, ukudla okunamafayibha amaningi, ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, nokugcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okuningi okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PSA (Prostate-specific antigen): kuthola amazinga aphakeme e-PSA egazini, okungakhombisa umdlavuza wesinye.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhompiyutha edijithali (i-DRE): Udokotela ufaka umunwe ofakwe igilavu, othanjisiwe engxenyeni yakho ukuze uzwe ngesandla indlala yakho yesibindi izigaxa noma ukukhuliswa.
• I-Prostate MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Ukufanekisa okusebenzisa uzibuthe onamandla ukukhombisa isithombe se-prostate yakho.

UDkt Sperling usitshela ukuthi esikhathini esedlule, ukuhlolwa kwePSA kwakwenziwa kuphela yi-PSA blood test kanye ne-DRE, okwaholela ekutholeni ngokweqile umdlavuza wesinye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi into etholwe ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA ikhona nakubesilisa abanesifo noma ukuvuvukala kwendlala yesibindi. Futhi i-prostate ekhulisiwe kwesinye isikhathi ibangelwa yi-benign prostatic hyperplasia, engeyona umdlavuza.

Uncoma ukuthi abesilisa bathole ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA minyaka yonke. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola iphezulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kufanele kuphindwe. Uma impinda isasolisa, uDkt Sperling uncoma iMRI ye-multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) ukugwema ukuxilongwa okungafanele.

Lolu hlobo lokucabanga lunembile okungenani ngama-95% ekutholeni izicubu ezingaba yingozi ezingadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, kusho uDkt. Sperling. Lokhu kungabuye kutholakale nge-biopsy eqondiswe yi-MRI, esebenzisa izinaliti ezincane eziqondiswe endaweni esolisayo ngokunemba okuphezulu kokuxilonga. Uma kutholakale umdlavuza, kungahlelwa ukwelashwa okwenzelwe izidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Abantu abelashwa nge-testosterone supplementation ye-hypogonadism nabo bahlolwe kakhulu umdlavuza we-prostate.

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho nemithi

Umdlavuza wamasende

Iminyaka yobudala yokuhlola umdlavuza: Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kobufakazi kufanele kuqale lapho uneminyaka engu-15 futhi kufanele kwenzeke minyaka yonke lapho wonke umuntu evakashela kahle. Kodwa-ke, i- i-CDC uthi abukho ubufakazi obenele bokuthi ukuhlolwa kwehlisa ukufa ukuncoma ukuhlolwa njalo.

Izici zobungozi: Ngokusho kwe-NCI, Umdlavuza wamasende akuvamile . Kutholakala kakhulu emadodeni nakubafana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-34. Abesilisa abamhlophe basethubeni eliphindwe kane kunelabantu abamnyama lokuthola lolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Ukuba nesende elingafuneki nakho kuyingozi.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho: Ayikho indlela yokwehlisa ngempela ingozi yomdlavuza wamasende, yingakho izivivinyo zokuhlolwa konyaka zibaluleke kangaka. Umdlavuza wamasende uyelapheka, noma ngabe utholwe kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola: Akukho kuhlolwa ngokusemthethweni komdlavuza wamasende. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho kufanele ahlole amasende akho lapho uhlolwa ngokomzimba minyaka yonke, ezwela noma yiziphi izigaxa ezisolisayo. Imvamisa umdlavuza wamasende uqala ukutholwa abesilisa uqobo, kungaba ngengozi noma ngesikhathi sokuzihlola.

Umdlavuza weColorectal (colon)

Iminyaka yokuhlolwa umdlavuza wamakholoni : Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamakholoni kufanele kuqale kungakadluli iminyaka yobudala engama-50, kepha-ke, imiphakathi eminingi esezingeni eliphezulu isiqala ukuncoma ukuthi ihlolwe ngaphambi kweminyaka [engama-40] njengoba sibona izigameko ezincane nezincane zomdlavuza wamathumbu, kusho URebecca Berens , MD, udokotela womndeni kanye nomnikazi weVida Family Medicine eHouston.

I- I-CDC incoma ukuhlolwa kuqala eminyakeni yobudala engama-50. Yize, isinqumo sokuqala ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kufanele senziwe sodwa ngokuya ngezici zobungozi bakho. Kubantu abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wekoloni, ukuhlolwa kunconywa ukuqala ekuqaleni. Abesilisa kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal immunochemical minyaka yonke. Ama-Colonoscopy anconyiwe lapho ethola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-fecal engajwayelekile, noma njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 uma yonke imiphumela yokuhlolwa ijwayelekile. Uma i-colonoscopy ikhombisa noma yimaphi ama-polyps, kungadingeka ukuthi iphindwe kaningi, kusho uDkt Berens. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamakholoni kunconywa kuze kube yiminyaka yobudala engama-75, kepha kungaqhutshwa ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-75 kususelwa engxoxweni ehlukile phakathi kwesiguli nodokotela waso.

Izici zobungozi: Izici eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza wekoloni yiminyaka, izakhi zofuzo, umlando womndeni, nomlando womuntu siqu wesifo samathumbu esivuthayo. Ukudla okungekuhle (ikakhulukazi ukudla okungenayo i-fiber / izithelo nemifino kanye nokudla okuphekwe kakhulu), ukuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselwe, ukusebenzisa ugwayi, nokuphuza utshwala nakho kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni, kusho uDkt. Berens.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho: Yidla ukudla okune-fiber okuqukethe izithelo nemifino eningi nokudla okuncane okucutshunguliwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bomdlavuza wekoloni. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba, hlala ukhuthele, futhi ugweme ugwayi notshwala. Ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu kuyasiza ekunciphiseni izehlakalo zomdlavuza wamathumbu.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola: Kunabambalwa izinketho zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni . I-colonoscopy ne-fecal test zivame kakhulu. Uma uthola ukuhlolwa komgogodla, udokotela uqoqa isampula lendle ukuze afune imichilo emincane yegazi esitokisini sakho. Uma kukhona igazi nhlobo, udokotela wakho kufanele a-ode i-colonoscopy. I-colonoscopy izwakala iyethusa kwabanye abantu, kepha empeleni ayibuhlungu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho ufaka insimbi ende, eguquguqukayo ku-rectum yakho nakuyo yonke indlela emathunjini akho amakhulu. Lokhu kuzodlulisa isithombe sangaphakathi kwikholoni yakho ukuze udokotela akwazi ukusihlola ngokungajwayelekile.

Eminye imidlavuza

Iningi labesilisa lizodinga kuphela ukuhlolwa okuvamile komdlavuza we-Prostate, wamasende nowe-colon. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uvakashele kahle unyaka nonyaka nodokotela wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo bese ubuza ukuthi ngabe unezinto ezithile eziyingozi ezingadinga ukuhlolwa kwamanye amagciwane, njengesikhumba, amaphaphu noma umdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Izingozi zobungozi bomdlavuza othile zifaka:

• Ukubhema
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Umlando womndeni
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Izakhi zofuzo
• Imithi ethile
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Izifo ezithile

Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele. Xoxa ngezidingo zakho zezempilo nodokotela wakho oyinhloko wokunakekelwa.

OKUSHIWO: Izinto eziyi-9 ongazenza ukuvikela umdlavuza

Kubiza malini ukuhlolwa komdlavuza?

I-Medicare, iMedicaid, nezinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense zimboza ukuhlolwa komdlavuza okunconywayo ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho nezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Kepha noma ungenayo imishwalense, kunezinketho zokuthola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kwamahhala.

Izivivinyo zamahhala ze-PSA / digital rectal ziyatholakala ngezikhathi ezithile emiphakathini eminingi, kusho uDkt. Sperling, ekhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwamahhala komdlavuza eminyangweni yezempilo yombuso kanye neyasendaweni. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo nayo inikela ngokuhlolwa kwamahhala komdlavuza wamakholoni nowamasende. Buza nomnyango wakho wezempilo ukuthola ukuthi ngabe bayakuhlola yini.

Ungathola nezindawo zamahhala zokuhlola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa ezingenzi-nzuzo UZero: Ukuphela Komdlavuza Wendlala Yesinye , nokuhlolwa mahhala komdlavuza wamathumbu ku Misa i-Colon Cancer Manje .