Umhlahlandlela wama-prediabetes: izimpawu, izimbangela, kanye nokwelashwa

Imfundo Yezempilo

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu baseMelika une-prediabetes, ngokwe-CDC. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamacala alitholakali futhi alelashwa. I-Prediabetes kulapho amazinga kashukela egazini lakho (eglucose egazini) ephakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, kepha engakabi phezulu ngokwanele ukuba ahlukaniswe njengesifo sikashukela. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zivame ukungabonakali, futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwama-prediabetes, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa kungalimala. Lokhu kungaholela esifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi, futhi ekugcineni, kukhule kube uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2, isigaba esilandelayo ngemuva kwama-prediabetes, kulapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini ngendlela efanele ngoba awusakwazi ukukhiqiza noma ukusebenzisa kahle i-hormone insulin. Lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukusebenzisa kahle i-insulin, waziwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-insulin, amazinga kashukela egazi angakhuphuka ngokuyingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-insulin iyi-hormone esiza amaseli akho asebenzise futhi asebenzise i-glucose.

Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela

Kunezici eziningi eziba nomthelela kuma-prediabetes, iningi lawo elihlobene nendlela yokuphila. Ubungozi izici zokuthuthukisa i-prediabetes kanye nokumelana ne-insulin zifaka:

• Ukhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca / ukuhlala phansi
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Amalungu omndeni ngokushesha anesifo sikashukela
• Uhlangabezana nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)
• Ungowesifazane on i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Amazinga aphansi we-cholesterol enhle (HDL)
• Ungumuntu wase-Afrika waseMelika, owomdabu waseMelika, owaseLatin American noma owase-Asia / Pacific Islander
• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala
• Ukulala i-apnea

Ingabe isifo sikashukela sinofuzo?

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyinkimbinkimbi, izici eziningana kuvame ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Izici zokuphila zingakhuphula kakhulu ubungozi, kepha, ufuzo nomlando womndeni kudlala indima enkulu kuzo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Kucwaningwe kahle ukuthi uma umndeni Ilungu linesifo sikashukela, maningi amathuba okuthi usithuthukise lesi simo.

Ngabe isifo sikashukela sivame kakhulu kwabesilisa noma kwabesifazane?

Izifundo khombisa ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 luvame kakhulu emadodeni, futhi maningi amathuba okuthi baludlulisele enzalweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, yize abesifazane phambilini babekhombisa inkomba yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, manje sesidlange ngokulingana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yisimo sokuzimela esivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, umzimba wakho uhlasela amanyikwe awo ngakho awunakukhiqiza i-insulin. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala, futhi yize luvame ukuba lukhuni kune-type 1, lusengadala imithelela emikhulu kwezempilo, kubandakanya isifo sezinso noma ukulimala, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi. Ngokungafani nohlobo 1, ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 enye i-insulin ingakhiqizwa, kepha umzimba uyaphikisana nayo noma ayanele. Lokhu kumelana ne-insulin kuvela kumaseli anamafutha, isibindi, nemisipha, yingakho kukhula kakhulu kucwaningwe ukuhlangana phakathi kokukhuluphala nohlobo 2 sikashukela.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela

Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko abantu abaningi une-prediabetes engatholakali yingoba ungahamba iminyaka ngaphandle kokuthola izimpawu ezisobala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuvame ukushiywa kungatholakali kuze kube yilapho iba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.

Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho ukuhlolwa okulula koshukela wegazi ukuze abheke ukuthi unawo yini ama-prediabetes. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezici ezinobungozi obuphakeme, njengokukhuluphala, iminyaka engama-45 noma ngaphezulu, noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezintathu ngesonto.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela okufanele sizinakekele yilezi:

• Ukuzizwa womile kakhulu
• Ukuchama njalo
• Umlomo owomile
• Indlala ngemuva kokudla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma inzuzo
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Ukubona okufiphele

Ukwanda kwalezi zimpawu kungaba yinkomba yokuthi usudlulile kusuka kuma-prediabetes waba uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-prediabetes, khuluma nodokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko bese ucela ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwegazi okungasetshenziswa udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi ngabe une-prediabetic. Okulandelayo okuthathu kuvame kakhulu futhi kuyasebenza:

1. Ukuzila ukudla kweglucose

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lokhu kuhlolwa kuthathwa ngemuva kokuthi uzilile okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Ukuze kube lula, odokotela abaningi bazokusikisela ukuthi usheshe ngokushesha bese ufika entweni yokuqala ekuseni ukuze uhlolwe.

Izinga likashukela egazini elisheshayo elisuka ku-100 kuye ku-125 mg / dL (5.6 kuye ku-7.0 mmol / L) libhekwa njenge-prediabetes, noma kunjalo, izinga lokushukela egazini lika-126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) noma ngaphezulu likhombisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ngomlomo

Odokotela imvamisa benza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kwama-prediabetes ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Njengokuhlolwa kukashukela wegazi okuzilile, udokotela uzothatha isampula yegazi ngemuva kokuthi isiguli sizile ukudla okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Ngemuva kwalokho, isiguli sizodla uketshezi olunoshukela bese luhlolwa futhi amazinga kashukela egazini lawo emahoreni amabili.

Kulesi sivivinyo, izinga likashukela egazini kusuka ku-140 kuye ku-199 mg / dL (7.8 kuya ku-11.0 mmol / L) kuthathwa njenge-prediabetes. Noma yikuphi okuphezulu kubonisa isifo sikashukela.

3. Isivivinyo se-hemoglobin (A1C) esikhanyisiwe

Okunye ukuhlolwa kwamazinga kashukela egazini, ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kukala isilinganiso sikashukela egazini lakho ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha kuya kumashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngokuvamile ayisetshenzisiwe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye neziguli ezinezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-hemoglobin njengoba kungadala imiphumela yokuhlola enganembile.

Izinga le-A1C eliphakathi kuka-5.7 no-6.4 wamaphesenti libhekwa njenge-prediabetes. Ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-6.5 kukhombisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Imithi yokwelashwa ngesifo sikashukela

Ezindabeni ezimnandi kakhulu, yize ama-prediabetes ejwayelekile, angahlehliswa futhi ahambe. Ngezinguquko ezithile zokuphila okunempilo, isiguli esine-prediabetes singavimba noma sibambezele ukukhula kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezintathu ze-prediabetes eziphumelela kakhulu yilezi:

1. Ukwehlisa isisindo somzimba

Imvamisa, amakhilogremu ayi-10 kuya kwayi-14 womuntu ongamakhilogremu angama-200 anele ukuthola inzuzo enkulu.

2. Khulisa umsebenzi womzimba

Ngokusho ezikhungweni Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo, imizuzu engama-30 kuphela ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, kwanele ukuba nomthelela futhi kunciphise ama-prediabetes. Zama ukuhamba ngamandla ekuseni noma ntambama, uthathe izitebhisi nsuku zonke, noma upake ibhulokhi elilodwa kuya kwamabili kude nehhovisi.

3. Yidla ukudla okunempilo

Qala ngokunciphisa inani lama-carbohydrate acolisisiwe nacutshunguliwe, bese ugxila kwimifino engeyona yesitashi nenyama engenamafutha. Shintshela kuma-protein asekelwe ezitshalweni njengobhontshisi, udali, namantongomane. Ukhiye ukwenza ifayela le- ukudla okunempilo, okunomsoco ingxenye yokuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke. I-dietitian ebhalisiwe ingakusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokudla oluqonde isisindo sakho, i-allergies, nezinye izinto eziqondene nempilo yakho nesimo sakho.

Kuyasiza futhi ukwehlisa inani lotshwala obudlayo, ngoba lokhu kungaba noshukela omningi futhi kungabi namandla emzimbeni. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisindo, futhi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu lapho ushiya iziphuzo ezinoshukela njenge-soda nejusi yezithelo.

Ukubhema futhi ukwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukusika lo mkhuba. Isikhathi esilandele ngqo ukuyeka ukubhema singenza umuntu abe sethubeni lokuba nesifo sikashukela, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuqapha inqubekelaphambili yakho nokuphendula ekuguqukeni kwendlela ophila ngayo.

Kuphela lapho umuntu ebhekwa njengengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 lapho udokotela ezonikeza khona imishanguzo yama-prediabetes. Isibonelo kungaba yisiguli esinenkomba yomzimba (BMI) esikhudlwana noma esilingana no-35 kg / m2. I-Metformin ukuphela kwemithi i-American Diabetes Association kweluleka Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fir ekwelashweni kwama-prediabetes. Igcina izinga lakho le-glucose egazini lisendaweni evikelekile ngokuvimbela isibindi ekukhiqizeni i-glucose engadingeki kakhulu.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma u-prediabetic?

Uma uke wabona udokotela wakho, futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisa ukuthi une-prediabetic, kunezinyathelo eziningi ezilula ongazithatha ukubuyisa lesi simo futhi usivimbele ekubeni sikashukela.

Abahlinzeki bakho bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazophakamisa usizo nokuholwa, njengezinguquko ezinhle kakhulu zokuphila ngokucabangela umlando wakho nezimo zakho. Izinyathelo abangazincoma zifaka phakathi ukusika ushukela osetshenzisiwe, ukudla imifino eminingi nokusanhlamvu okuphelele, nokuhambahamba njalo ekuseni.

Okubalulekile insiza ezigulini eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela e-United States yiNational Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). Ngobambiswano lwangasese nolukahulumeni, kuhloswe ngalo ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokwenza kube lula kubantu baseMelika ukwenza ushintsho endleleni yokuphila abayidingayo.

Kwezinye izimo, bangase batuse ngisho nemithi. Noma ngabe uthini udokotela wakho, khumbula ukuthi ama-prediabetes angabuyiselwa emuva futhi kuhle ukuthi uwubambe kusenesikhathi.