Ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa: Izinketho zamanje kanye nokuqhamuka okusha

Imfundo Yezempilo

Ukutholakala kwezinketho zokuvimbela inzalo kube yigugu elimangalisayo kubantu uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlela umndeni futhi ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe . Lokho kushiwo, bekungumthwalo wabesifazane ikakhulukazi ngoba kube nezindlela ezitholakala kalula kubo. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva yokuvikela ukukhulelwa kwabesilisa ikwenze ukuthi kube nezindlela eziningi zokulawula ukubeletha zamadoda zombili ezikhona neziseduze.

Izinketho eziyi-8 zokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa

Kuze kube muva nje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwabesilisa zibandakanya ukuhoxa, amakhondomu nama-vasectomies. Kodwa-ke, inqubekela phambili entsha yenziwe emhlabeni wokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa: Kunezinketho ezintsha zombili ezikhona njengamanje kanye nasentuthukweni.

Njengasendabeni yokuvimbela inzalo yabesifazane, indlela ngayinye iza nobuhle nobubi bayo, kuya ngezimo zakho ezihlukile.

Izinketho zokulawulwa kokuzalwa ezitholakala emadodeni zifaka:

1. Amakhondomu
2. Indawo yokuqhuma
3. Ukuhoxa (noma ukukhipha)
4. Iphilisi lokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa
5. Isilawuli sokubeletha sabesilisa
6. Ijeli lokulawula ukuzalwa kowesilisa
7. I-Vasectomy
8. Ama-vasectomies angenasidingo

1. Amakhondomu

Ukutholakala: Kuyatholakala ukuthi kuthengwe phezu kwekhawunta

Amakhondomu abe yindlela ethandwayo yokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo ngempumelelo ekukhulelweni kanye nasezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Amakhondomu asebenza kangcono kunokuhoxa futhi angasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokulawula ukubeletha (isibonelo, nomlingani wesifazane ophuza iphilisi lokulawula ukubeletha).

Uma esetshenziswa kahle, amakhondomu angasebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa; kodwa-ke, kunamathuba amaningi wephutha lomuntu angabenza basebenze kancane. Isibonelo, uma ikhondomu ifakwa ngokungafanele, noma inezimbobo ezincane noma izinyembezi, esinye isidoda singadlulela esibelethweni, kwenze ukuthi kube nokukhulelwa.

Uma usebenzisa amakhondomu njengendlela yokulawula inzalo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi awaphelelwa yisikhathi, agcinwe kahle, futhi afakwa kahle.

2. Ukuqhuma

Ukutholakala: Iyatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe

Ngokuvumelana ne Umzali Ohleliwe , i-outercourse isenzo socansi esingafaki ukungena kwendabuko (umthondo esithweni sangasese). Njengendlela yokulawula inzalo, i-outercourse iyasebenza ekuvimbeleni isidoda neqanda ekuhlanganeni, okudingekayo ukuze ukukhulelwa kwenzeke.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasho izinto ezihlukile kubantu abahlukile, ngakho-ke kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungabandakanya ucansi lomlomo noma lwendunu. Yize le misebenzi ingeke iholele ekukhulelweni (ngaphandle kokuthi isidoda sigcine singene esithweni sangasese), amakhondomu ayelulekwa ukuvikela izifo zocansi.

3. Ukuhoxa

Ukutholakala: Iyatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe

Ukuhoxa kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yi-The Pull Out Method. Yilapho-ke lapho owesilisa ekhipha khona isitho sakhe sangasese ngaphambi kokukhipha umchamo ukuze kuvinjelwe isidoda ukuthi sifinyelele eqandeni lesifazane. Njengendlela yokulawula ukubeletha, ayisebenzi kakhulu, ngoba kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyenza kahle ngokuvumelana. Kukhona ithuba lokuthi isidoda sisengafinyelela eqandeni, kubangele ukukhulelwa kwenzeke.

Yize le ndlela ingasebenzi kahle, iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa kunokusebenzisa nhlobo indlela yokuvimbela inzalo.

4. Iphilisi lokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa

Ukutholakala: Ekuthuthukisweni

Ngo-Mashi ka-2018, kwaba nentuthuko lapho kukhulunywa ngenketho yokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa abasefomini lamaphilisi. Ososayensi eNational Institutes of Health no-Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development kumenyezelwe ukuthi babeqede ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwepilisi lesilisa eliqukethe i-dimethandrolone undecanoate ( I-DMAU ). Esifundweni sabo, abesilisa abaphilile abayi-100 bathathe umthamo wansuku zonke we-DMAU, kwathi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28 kwaqashelwa ukukhulelwa okusebenzayo. Ucwaningo lwabo luthole ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa sabekezelelwa kahle ngabahlanganyeli besilisa nokuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28, ukuzala kwabo kwehlisiwe kwasondela emazingeni okususwa.

Isidakamizwa sisebenza ngokunciphisa amazinga ama-hormone wesilisa afana ne-testosterone nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana wesidoda. UDkt Kendra Segura , I-OBGYN eqinisekiswe yibhodi ichaza ukuthi iDimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) iyiphilisi le-androgen / anabolic steroid / progesterone kanye yansuku zonke elicindezela i-FSH ne-LH okwenza ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone nesidoda. Uthi njengamanje kusezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ukuhlola imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezinso, isibindi, i-libido, [kanye] nokudangala.

Ezinye izifundo zomtholampilo nazo ziphenya i Uhlobo olujova lwe-DMAU . Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenqubo ende yokugunyazwa kwezidakamizwa yi-FDA, kungenzeka singakuboni lokhu emakethe isikhathi eside.

5. Isilawuli sokubeletha sabesilisa

Ukutholakala: Ekuthuthukisweni

Ucwaningo lwango-2016 olwaluxhaswe yiCONRAD neWorld Health Organisation lwabheka ukuthi inhlanganisela yamahomoni ahanjiswa emadodeni ngomjovo iyasebenza yini ekuvikeleni inzalo. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo lunqanyulwe kusenesikhathi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi emibi nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo okuholele ekudutshulweni.

Lesi sibhamu besinezinhlobo ezisebenza isikhathi eside ze-progestin, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), kanye ne-androgen, testosterone undecanoate (TU). Ababambiqhaza besilisa banikezwa isibhamu njalo emasontweni ayisishiyagalombili njengendlela yokuvimbela inzalo. Imiphumela kukhonjisiwe ukuthi ngenkathi imijovo ibisebenza cishe ekuvimbeleni ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda, imiphumela emibi ibinzima kakhulu ukuthi ucwaningo luqhubeke. Abahlanganyeli besilisa babhekana nezinduna, ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova, ukukhuphuka kocansi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.

Ezinyangeni ezedlule, abacwaningi baseNdiya sebeqedile izivivinyo zokwelashwa komjovo wokujova owesilisa onomjovo obizwa nge-RISUG (ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwesidoda ngaphansi kokuqondiswa). Ngokusho kukaDkt Segura, lo ngumjovo ofana nejeli, owenza isidoda singasebenzi. I-RISUG isebenza ngokujova i-gel ye-polymer kuma-vas deferens wesilisa ukuvimba amaseli wesidoda ekuphumeni emzimbeni. Lokhu kubulala inzalo kowesilisa, kuvimbele ukukhulelwa. Umjovo owodwa ungasebenza kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-13 futhi ungaguqulwa uma kunesidingo ngomunye umjovo osebenza ukuqeda ijeli. I-RISUG ikhombisa isithembiso esikhulu kwabesilisa abangafuni i-vasectomy ehlala njalo, yokuhlinzwa. Izilingo zifaka ngaphezu kwezifundo zesilisa ezingama-300 futhi zikhiqize izinga lokuphumelela elingaphezu kuka-97% lokuvikela ukukhulelwa. Njengamanje kusalindwe ukuvunyelwa kwemithi elawulayo eNdiya.

E-United States, iVasalgel, okuyindlela yokuvimbela inzalo esuselwa ku-RISUG, iyakhiwa. Akucaci ukuthi uVasalgel uzongena nini ezimakethe zase-U.S. Uma izivivinyo ziphumelela.

6. Ijeli lokulawula ukuzalwa kowesilisa

Ukutholakala: Ekuthuthukisweni

Ijeli yokuvimbela inzalo ebizwa ngokuthi I-Nestorone-Testosterone (I-NES / T) ibisemsebenzini isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi futhi inamandla okuba yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokulawula ukubeletha kwabesilisa kwabesilisa. Ijeli ivala ama-hormone e-gonadotropin futhi inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone emasendeni. Lokhu kusebenza ukwehlisa isibalo sesidoda, nakho okuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Ijeli, i-FDA elincoma ukuthi ilisebenzise ehlombe nsuku zonke, ikhonjiswe ukuthi iyasebenza ekucindezeleni ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda ngonyaka ka-2012 funda kwabesilisa abangama-99. Olunye uvivinyo lomtholampilo iqale ngonyaka we-2018.

Ngenxa yezivivinyo ezinzima zokuphepha kanye nenqubo yokugunyazwa edingwa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA), lo muthi kungenzeka ungatholakali okokuthengisa isikhashana. Ijeli kulindeleke ukuthi liqede inqubo yokuhlolwa komtholampilo ngonyaka ka-2022, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi kuzothathwa isinqumo sokuhambisa lo muthi ocwaningweni olukhulu lweSigaba III.

7. IVasectomy

Ukutholakala: Kutholakala njengenqubo yokuhlinzwa

Enye yezinketho zokulawula ukubeletha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwabesilisa i-vasectomy. IVasectomy ifaka inzalo yokuhlinza, esebenza kahle kakhulu, kepha kufanele ibhekwe njengonomphela. Zingaguqulwa kwezinye izimo, kepha hhayi kuzo zonke, futhi noma ziguquke ngempumelelo, amathuba okukhulelwa ancipha ngokuya ngobude besikhathi kusukela i-vasectomy igcwaliswe okokuqala. Nge-vasectomy, amashubhu athwala isidoda emasendeni ayasikwa futhi avalelwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le ndoda ichazwa iyinyumba ngezinhloso zokukhulelwa. Isidoda sihlala emasendeni — futhi siphume isidoda — sigcine simuncwa ngumzimba.

Ama-vasectomies inqubo ejwayelekile enezingozi eziphansi futhi enziwa ngokujwayelekile ehhovisi .. Imiphumela emibi engavela ngemuva kokwenziwa kwenqubo ingafaka ukopha, ukuvuvukala nokulimala. Izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu azivamile. Ama-Vasectomies asebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukukhulelwa, kepha-ke awavikeli kuma-STI.

8. Ama-vasectomies we-Nonsurgical

Ukutholakala: Iyatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe

Ukuqamba okusha kuholele ezindleleni ezingasetshenziswanga ze-vasectomy. Kunjalo nge-vasectomy engeyona eyokuhlinzwa. Ngokufana ne-vasectomy ejwayelekile, i-vas deferens iyasikwa ukuvimbela isidoda ekuphumeni emasendeni. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ihlukile ngoba esikhundleni sokusebenzisa isikhumba sokwenza isigaxa esikhunjeni, isikhumba esincane senziwa esikhumbeni ngethuluzi elikhethekile. Leli thuluzi libe selelula isikhumba ngobumnene, livumela ukuvuleka ukuthi kufinyelele kuma-vas deferens. Lokhu kubangela ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane, izinkinga ezimbalwa, asikho isidingo semithungo, nokululama ngokushesha.

Izinselelo zokuthola ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa emakethe

Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okusha, ukuthola indlela entsha yokulawula ukubeletha emakethe kubonisa inselele enkulu. Inselelo enkulu yokwenza ukuthi izidakamizwa zivunyelwe emakethe e-U.S. Yisikhathi nesikhathi sokutshalwa kwemali esidingekayo ukwenza izivivinyo zomtholampilo ezinzima, kusho u-Amber Cann, Pharm.D. futhi umnikazi we Ubungqabavu beVenus . Ukusuka ekutholakaleni kwezidakamizwa kuya esigabeni sokugcina sezilingo kungathatha amashumi amabili eminyaka namakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi. Uyanezela ukuthi izidakamizwa ezingenayo imakethe enkulu ziba nesikhathi esinzima nakakhulu ukucwaningwa.

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi omusha, imiphumela emibi kufanele ilungiswe uma kufanele ibhekwe njengephephile futhi esebenzayo ngokwanele ukuthi isetshenziswe emphakathini jikelele. Uma kukhulunywa ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa, esinye isithiyo isidingo sokuthi umkhiqizo usebenze ngempumelelo njengezindlela ezikhona zokulawula ukubeletha (njengezinketho eziningi esezikhona zokuvikela ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zamahomoni kanye nama-IUD).

Iphuzu elisemqoka lezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zesilisa

Yize kunentuthuko entsha ethokozisayo yokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabesilisa emisebenzini, okwamanje izinketho ezitholakalayo emakethe zilinganiselwe. Ngokuzayo, ukuba nezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo zokuvimbela inzalo yowesilisa kungaba nakho izinzuzo eziningi futhi sisize ukukhulula abesifazane ekubeni neqhaza elikhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuvikela ukukhulelwa.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha yiphi indlela yokulawula ukubeletha, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokusebenza kwayo nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ongaba nayo. Ngeminye imininingwane mayelana nezinketho zokulawulwa kwabesilisa, hlola Ikusasa Lokulawulwa Kokuzalwa Kwabesilisa .