Ayini amazinga ejwayelekile egazi?
Imfundo YezempiloIshadi lamazinga wegazi | Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | Umfutho wegazi ophansi | Ukubonana nodokotela nini
Umfutho wegazi ungamandla egazi ngokumelene nezindonga zemithambo yegazi njengoba ihamba kulo lonke uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Umfutho wegazi womuntu uzokhuphuka futhi wehle usuku lonke, kodwa ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokungajwayelekile noma ongaphansi kungakhombisa izimo zempilo ezingaphansi. Ake sibheke ngokujulile emazingeni omfutho wegazi ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini uma umfutho wegazi uphezulu noma uphansi.
Yiluphi uhla lwegazi olujwayelekile?
Kujwayelekile ukuthi amazinga omfutho wegazi wabantu abadala ovamile aguquguquke usuku lonke kuye ngokuthi badlani, bacindezeleke kangakanani, nokuthi bayazivocavoca yini umzimba. Umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa kusetshenziswa izinombolo ezimbili: i-systolic (inombolo ephezulu) ne-diastolic (inombolo engezansi). Umfutho wegazi weSystolic ulinganisa ingcindezi emithanjeni lapho inhliziyo ishaya, kanti i-diastolic blood pressure ilinganisa ingcindezi emithanjeni lapho inhliziyo ilele phakathi kokushaya. Nayi ishadi lomfutho wegazi kusuka ku- Inhlangano Yezinhliziyo ZaseMelika (AHA) ukukusiza uqonde kangcono izilinganiso zomfutho wegazi:
Umfutho wegazi wabantu abaningi uzoba ngaphansi kuka-120/80 mmHg nangaphezulu kuka-90/60 mmHg. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi okukhombisa izinombolo ezingaphandle kwalolu hlu kungakhombisa ukuthi othile unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension). Uma kukhulunywa ngezinombolo zomfutho wegazi, zombili ingcindezi ye-systolic ne-diastolic ibalulekile. Noma kunjalo, umfutho wegazi we-systolic (inombolo ephezulu) unakwa kakhulu ngoba ukuba nengcindezi ephezulu ye-systolic kungahle kuhlotshaniswe ne- ingozi eyengeziwe yesifo sohlangothi nesifo senhliziyo.
Njengoba abantu bekhula, ingozi yabo yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu iyakhuphuka. Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19-40 ubudala bazoba namazinga omfutho wegazi oguquguquka phakathi kuka-90-135 / 60-80 mmHg. Umhlahlandlela wakamuva we-hypertension ovela ku-2017 ubiza laba bantu abancane ukuthi bane-hypertensive uma umfutho wegazi we-systolic ungu-130-139 noma i-diastolic blood pressure iphakathi kuka-80-89, kepha ukwelashwa kuzoncika engcupheni yabo ebaliwe yesifo senhliziyo.
OKUSHIWO: Yini ukushaya kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile?
Izinga lomfutho wegazi ophakeme
Cishe isigamu sabantu abadala baseMelika banomfutho wegazi ophakeme, futhi umuntu oyedwa kuphela kwabane onesimo esilawulwayo, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention ( i-CDC ). Izibalo ze-World Health Organisation ( I-WHO ) kwembula ukuthi abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-1.13 banengcindezi ephezulu yegazi emhlabeni jikelele nokuthi kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kuthinta umzimba ngezindlela eziningi. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ubangela inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile, ingalimaza imithambo yegazi, ikhulise i-ventricle yangakwesobunxele yenhliziyo, futhi ibangele nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukushaya kohlangothi nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Izinga lomfutho wegazi ophakeme lingalimaza ama-retina emehlweni, libangele ukwehluleka kwesibindi, isifo sezinso, kanye nokungasebenzi kocansi.
OKUSHIWO: Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo
Izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophakeme
Noma amazinga omfutho wegazi ophakeme angathinta umzimba kabi, imvamisa awubangeli zimpawu uze uholele enkingeni enkulu yezempilo njengesifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. Yingakho kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiselwa kuye njengombulali othule. Uma kubangela izimpawu nemiphumela emibi, abantu abane-high blood pressure bangathola okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:
- Isiyezi
- Ukuphathwa ikhanda
- Ukuqhuma ebusweni
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ukudideka
- Ukopha ngamakhala
- Kunzima ukuphefumula
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
- Igazi emchameni
Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi umfutho wegazi uphakeme kakhulu. Abanye abantu bazoba nesinye noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu ngezizathu ezingahlobene, ngakho-ke kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo.
Izimbangela zomfutho wegazi ophakeme
Abantu abathile bazoba nengozi ephezulu yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu kunabanye, futhi labo bantu kufanele banakekele kakhulu ekuqapheni umfutho wegazi. Ngokuvamile, amazinga omfutho wegazi ophakeme avela kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yize okuthile okufana nokukhathazeka kungadala ama-spikes wesikhashana emfuthweni wegazi. Nazi izinto eziyingozi kakhulu nezimbangela zomfutho wegazi ophakeme:
- Isifo sikashukela
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- Akukho ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele
- Ukudla okungenampilo
- Ukubhema
- Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala
- Umlando womndeni we-high blood pressure
- Ukuguga
Noma ingcindezi yegazi ibhekwa njengephakeme uma ingu-130/80 mmHg noma ngaphezulu, kungenzeka futhi ukuba nenombolo yomfutho wegazi ophezulu nenombolo ejwayelekile yomfutho wegazi. Lesi yisimo esibizwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-systolic , ikakhulu okubangelwa yizimo zezempilo ezingaphansi kwesifo sikashukela, i-hyperthyroidism, nezinkinga ze-valve zenhliziyo. Inani eliphansi kakhulu ekufundweni kwengcindezi yegazi kungenzeka ukuthi lingumphumela wokudla kakhulu i-sodium, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala nokungatholi ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngokwanele.
Ukwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu
Ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yezinguquko zokuphila nemithi. Nansi imishanguzo ejwayelekile yomfutho wegazi ophezulu:
| Imithi ethandwa kakhulu yengcindezi yegazi | ||
|---|---|---|
| Igama lomuthi | Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Ukonga kwe-SingleCare |
| I-Atenolol | I-beta blocker | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Altace | I-Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Accupril | I-ACE inhibitor | Thola isigqebhezana |
| Prinivil | I-ACE inhibitor | Thola isigqebhezana |
| IVasotec | I-ACE inhibitor | Thola isigqebhezana |
| ILotensin | I-ACE inhibitor | Thola isigqebhezana |
| UDiovan | I-Angiotensin II receptor blocker (i-ARB) | Thola isigqebhezana |
| UNorvasc | Isivimbeli sesiteshi seCalcium | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Hydrochlorothiazide | Isisu | Thola isigqebhezana |
OKUSHIWO: Ama-ACE inhibitors kuqhathaniswa ne-beta blocker
Qaphela: I-CDC ifaka phakathi iziguli ezine-hypertension ku amaqembu asengozini enkulu ngokuthola i-COVID-19 noma ukuthuthukisa izinkinga ze-coronavirus.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila futhi yehlisa amazinga egazi. Olunye ushintsho olusebenzayo lubandakanya:
- Ukuthola ukuvivinya umzimba njalo
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo
- Ukunciphisa ukungenisa usawoti ngokweqile
- Ukugcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo
- Ukulawula ukucindezeleka
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
- Ukuyeka ukubhema
Izinga lomfutho wegazi ophansi
Noma kunjalo ngqo ukusabalala komfutho wegazi ophansi akwaziwa, kusesimweni esivamile esithinta abantu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophansi kungathinta umzimba ngezindlela eziningi.
Izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophansi
Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-hypotension:
- Isiyezi
- Ubuthakathaka
- Ubumhlophe
- Ukudideka
- Umbono ofiphele
- Isicanucanu
- Ukukhathala
- Isikhumba esibandayo futhi esijulukayo
- Ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokungajulile
Ukwehla okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yegazi kungadala noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, futhi uma umfutho wegazi wehla ngokungazelelwe, umzimba wakho ungashaqeka. Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophansi ongapheli kungaba yingozi ngoba umzimba ngeke uthole i-oxygen eyanele enhliziyweni nasengqondweni, engadala ukulimala unomphela. Noma kungenzeka ukuthola izimpawu kusuka kumfutho wegazi ophansi, kuvamile ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophansi futhi ungabi nazimpawu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo umfutho wegazi lakho ngomqaphi wegazi.
Izimbangela zengcindezi yegazi ephansi
Noma yiliphi izinga lomfutho wegazi elihamba ngaphansi kuka-90/60 mmHg libhekwa njengeliphansi. Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokwehlisa umfutho wegazi kungumthamo wegazi ophansi (cabanga: ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukulahleka kwegazi), ukwelashwa kwengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, noma ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile engehlisa umfutho wegazi, kusho uSusan Besser, MD, ongumhlinzeki oyinhloko Isikhungo Sezokwelapha Somusa eBaltimore.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu ezijwayelekile zamaconsi angazelelwe emazingeni wegazi kanye ne-hypotension engapheli:
- Ukukhulelwa
- Imithi ethile, njengemithi yenhliziyo noma imithi yokudangala
- Izinkinga ezithile zempilo njengesifo senhliziyo noma isifo se-thyroid
- Ukuhlukumezeka okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi noma ekutheleleni kwegazi
- Izinguquko ezinkulu ekushiseni komzimba
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba namazinga aphansi egazi ngokususelwa eminyakeni yabo, ubulili, nomlando wezokwelapha. Nazi izimbangela eziphezulu zokuthola i-hypotension:
- Ukuguga
- Ukukhulelwa
- Ukuba nesifo sikashukela
- Ukuba nezinkinga zenhliziyo
- Ukuba nesifo sesibindi
- Ukuba nokungalingani kwamahomoni
- Ukuba nokushoda kwamavithamini kanye / noma kwezakhi
Ukwelashwa kwengcindezi yegazi ephansi
Uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele lwe-hypotension luzohluka ngokuya ngomuntu nokuthi yini ebangela umfutho wegazi ophansi. Umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongabuza ukuthi angajwayelwa kanjani amazinga wegazi lakho ngudokotela, kepha ngokujwayelekile, ukuhola indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuthatha imishanguzo yegazi kungasiza ukulungisa umfutho wegazi ophansi:
| Imithi ethandwa kakhulu yengcindezi yegazi | ||
|---|---|---|
| Igama lomuthi | Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Ukonga kwe-SingleCare |
| I-Fludrocortisone | ICorticosteroid | Thola isigqebhezana |
| IMidodrine | I-Alpha-1-agonist | Thola isigqebhezana |
Ezinye izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezingaphakamisa nemvelo umfutho wegazi, zifaka:
- Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi
- Ukwengeza ukudla kwakho usawoti uma kuvunywa udokotela
- Ukuphuza utshwala obuncane
- Ukugwema ukuma isikhathi eside
- Kudla amanani amancane e-caffeine uma kuvunywa ngudokotela
- Ukudla ukudla okuvamile, okuncane, okuphansi kwe-carb usuku lonke
OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa kwengcindezi yegazi nemithi
Izinga lomfutho wegazi eliyingozi — lapho kufanele ubonane nodokotela
Ukuba nezinga lomfutho wegazi elikhuphuka lehla kancane kuyinto ejwayelekile, kepha amanye amazinga wegazi abhekwa njengangampilo. Lapho amazinga omfutho wegazi ephezulu kakhulu, lokhu kubeka ingcindezi enhliziyweni, emithanjeni yegazi, ebuchosheni nasemehlweni.
I- i-CDC ibika ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo babheka amazinga wegazi aphakeme uma befunda u-130/80 mmHg, kodwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme awusongeli impilo uze ufike ku-180/120 mmHg noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hypertensive crisis futhi kudinga usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. Uma umfutho wegazi lakho udlula ngaphezu kuka-180/120 mmHg futhi unezinhlungu esifubeni, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, noma isifo senhliziyo, kufanele uye kwa-ER, kusho uDkt. Besser. Amazinga omfutho wegazi ayingozi angahloliwe nawo angadala:
- Izinkinga zememori
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
- Ama-Aneurysms
- Ukulahleka okungazelelwe kokusebenza kwezinso
- Izinkinga zokukhulelwa
- Ubumpumputhe
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yegazi kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala asebekhulile, ngoba bathambekele kakhulu ekubhekaneni nobuthakathaka, isiyezi, nokuquleka. Ukuba nokufundwa komfutho wegazi ophansi owodwa ngokungajwayelekile ongaphansi kuka-90/60 mmHg kulungile, kepha uma uqhubeka uhlangabezana nomfutho wegazi ophansi, kungahle kube yisikhathi sokuvakashela ihhovisi likadokotela.
