Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo 2021

Izindaba

Siyini isifo senhliziyo? | Sivame kangakanani isifo senhliziyo? | Izibalo zesifo senhliziyo emhlabeni wonke | Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo e-U.S. | Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo ngocansi | Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo ngokohlanga | Izibalo zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo / isifo sohlangothi | Izimbangela, izingozi, kanye nokwelashwa | Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa | Ucwaningo

Inhliziyo iyisithonjana, esihlobisa amakhadi okubingelela, avela emafasiteleni ezitolo zobucwebe, noma enezela ukuthintwa okukhethekile emyalezweni onothando. Ifanekisela uthando, uthando nokuzibophezela. Futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi isitho sethu esibaluleke kakhulu. Ukubaluleka kwenhliziyo kudlula kude ukuvuma kwe-emoji nokwakhiwa kwamaphepha wokwakha-kuyinjini elingana nesibhakela egcina imizimba yethu iqhubeka.

Izinkinga ngenhliziyo zisho izinkinga kuwo wonke umzimba, ngakho-ke kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani isifo senhliziyo sikhathazeka kakhulu kwezempilo yomphakathi. Noma ngabe sikhuluma ngomfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, izingqinamba zemithambo yegazi, noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinto ezinobungozi, izimpawu, nezimo ezihambisana nesifo senhliziyo.

OKUSHIWO: 13 izimpawu zezinkinga zenhliziyo okufanele uzikhathaze ngazo

Siyini isifo senhliziyo?

Isifo senhliziyo, esibizwa nangokuthi isifo senhliziyo (CVD), yigama lesambulela elihlanganisa izimo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta inhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo semisipha yenhliziyo (i-cardiomyopathy), ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia), kanye nezinkinga zemithambo yegazi njenge-peripheral or coronary artery disease. Cishe isigamu sabaseMelika sinohlobo oluthile lwesifo senhliziyo.

Izifo eziningi zenhliziyo zisuka ekuphazanyisweni komsebenzi ojwayelekile wenhliziyo. Ukwakheka kodaka, amahlule egazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu nokukhuluphala konke kungaba nomthelela esifweni senhliziyo. Eziningi zalezi zimo zivinjelwe ngokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo nokudla.

Isimo ngasinye senhliziyo sinezimpawu ezihlukile, kepha izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuxwayisa zibandakanya ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukuqina noma amakhaza, ukukhathala nobunzima. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angabuza ngalezi zimo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba ukusiza ukuthola isifo senhliziyo. Futhi anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi, i-electrocardiogram (EKG), noma ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-X-ray, i-CT scan, i-ultrasound, noma i-MRI.

Sivame kangakanani isifo senhliziyo?

• Isifo senhliziyo siyimbangela yokufa ehamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngo-2016, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-17.6 babulawa ama-CVD, ahlanganisa u-31% wokufa emhlabeni jikelele. (Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, 2016)
• Isifo senhliziyo siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa nase-US, okudala ukuthi kube nokufa kwabantu ababalelwa ku-647,000 ngonyaka. (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, i-2019)
• Cishe abantu abadala base-U.S. 121.5 banezinhlobo ezithile zesifo senhliziyo. (I-American Heart Association, 2019)

Izibalo zesifo senhliziyo emhlabeni wonke

• Ngaphezu kwe-75% yokufa okuhlobene ne-CVD kwenzeka emazweni aphansi naphakathi. (Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, 2017)
• IWorld Heart Federation ibikezela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-23 ezihlobene ne-CVD ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2030. (I-World Heart Federation, 2019)

Izibalo zesifo senhliziyo saseMelika

• Umuntu oyedwa kwaba-4 e-United States ubangelwa isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lokho kungukufa njalo ngemizuzwana engama-37. (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, i-2019)
• Ngo-2035, i-American Heart Association iphrojusa ukuthi abantu abadala abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-130 base-US bazoba nohlobo oluthile lwesifo senhliziyo. (I-American Heart Association, 2018)
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme yisifo senhliziyo esidlange kakhulu e-U.S., Njengoba abantu abangama-45% (abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-108 baseMelika) betholwe ukuthi bane-hypertension. (Million Hearts, 2017)
• Cishe abantu abadala base-U.S. Abayizigidi eziyi-18.2 banesifo semithambo yenhliziyo, kanti abaseMelika abangama-805,000 bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo unyaka nonyaka. (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, i-2019)

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa kwengcindezi yegazi nemithi

Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo ngohulumeni

Izifundazwe eziyi-10 eziphezulu ezinesilinganiso sokufa se-CVD esiphakeme kunabo bonke (kubantu abayi-100,000) yilezi:

1. I-Oklahoma (228.5)
2. I-Alabama (224.7)
3. I-Mississippi (222.1)
4. I-Arkansas (217.4)
5. I-Louisiana (212.2)
6. I-Tennessee (202.4)
7. I-Kentucky (198.3)
8. I-West Virginia (196.4)
9. EMichigan (195.0)
10. I-Ohio (191.1)

(Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo, i-2020)

Futhi ithi iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu labantu abane-hypertension yile:

1. ENtshonalanga Virginia (43.5%)
2. I-Alabama (41.9%)
3. I-Arkansas (41.3%)
4. I-Mississippi (40.8%)
5. I-Kentucky (39.4%)
6. I-Louisiana (39%)
7. I-Tennessee (38.7%)
8. INingizimu Carolina (38.1%)
9. I-Oklahoma (37.7%)
10. I-Indiana (35.2%)

(Amazinga Ezempilo aseMelika, 2019)

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, lezi zifundazwe zinamaphesenti aphezulu ezenzakaliso phakathi kwabantu bazo:

1. ENtshonalanga Virginia (8.6%)
2. I-Kentucky (6.7%)
3. I-Arkansas (6.7%)
4. I-Tennessee (6.5%)
5. I-Maine (6.1%)
6. I-Alabama (6.1%)
7. IFlorida (6%)
8. I-Indiana (5.7%)
9. I-Oklahoma (5.6%)
10. I-Ohio (5.5%)

(Amazinga Ezempilo aseMelika, 2019)

Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo ngocansi

• Isifo senhliziyo siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwabesilisa nabesifazane e-U.S. (American Heart Association, 2019)
• Ngo-2017, isifo senhliziyo sabulala abesilisa abangama-347,879 (1 kwabangu-4 abashona besilisa) nabesifazane abangu-299,578 (1 kwabahlanu kwabesifazane ababulawa). (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo, 2017)
• Isilinganiso seminyaka lapho amadoda ezohlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo singama-65, kanti kwabesifazane, kungama-72. (IHarvard, 2016)
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-45-65 abanesifo senhliziyo banamathuba amaningi okufa kunabalingani babo besilisa kungakapheli unyaka. Abesifazane asebekhulile kuneminyaka engama-65 abahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo basemathubeni amaningi okufa kunabesilisa abalingana nabo kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa. (UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S., 2020)

Izibalo zezifo zenhliziyo ngohlanga nobuzwe

• Abantu abadala abamnyama abangama-47% e-U.S. Banezinhlobo ezithile zesifo senhliziyo, kanye nabantu abadala abangama-30% baseSpain baseMelika. (I-American College of Cardiology, i-2018)
• Abantu abadala abamnyama abangewona amaSpanishi banezinga eliphakeme lokufa kwe-CVD (ukufa kwabantu abangama-208 kubantu abayi-100,000), kulandelwa abantu abadala abamhlophe (168.9 kwabayi-100,000), abantu abadala baseMelika baseMelika / base-Alaska (151.4 kwabayi-100,000), abantu abadala baseSpain (114.1 kwabayi-100,000), kanye Abantu abadala base-Asia / Pacific Islander (85.5 kwabayi-100,000). (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zezempilo, 2017)
• Ukudlanga komfutho wegazi ophakeme ngu-41.2% wabantu abadala abamnyama, ama-28% kubantu abadala abamhlophe, ama-25.9% kubantu abadala baseSpanishi, kanye nama-24.9% kubantu abadala base-Asia. (I-American College of Cardiology, i-2018)

Izibalo zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi

• Cishe i-1.5 million yenhliziyo (i-myocardial infarctions) nemivimbo kwenzeka e-United States unyaka nonyaka. (Million Hearts, 2019)
• Othile e-U.S. Unesifo sohlangothi njalo ngemizuzwana engama-40, ebala umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-19 abashonile. (I-American Heart Association, 2020)
• Isifo se-Cerebrovascular yisona esabulala abantu abayizigidi ezingama-6.2 emhlabeni wonke ngo-2017. (American Heart Association, 2020)
• Unyaka nonyaka, cishe kuhlaselwa izinhliziyo ezintsha ezingama-605,000 kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo okuphindayo okungama-200,000 kwenzeka eU.S. (American Heart Association, 2020)
• Ngo-2016, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwabangela ukulaliswa esibhedlela okuyizigidi eziyi-2.2. (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, i-2018)
• Ama-infarction ama-myocardial acute abhekele ukuvakashelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthumayo angama-260,000 ngo-2017, kanti isifo se-cerebrovascular sibala amanye ama-492,000. (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo, 2017)

Izindleko zesifo senhliziyo

• Phakathi kuka-2014 no-2015, isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yabiza i-United States $ 351.2 billion emisebenzini yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, emithini, nasekulahlekelweni komkhiqizo ngenxa yokufa. (I-American Heart Association, 2020)
• Abaphenyi balindele ukuthi izindleko ze-CVD zizokhuphukela ku- $ 749 billion ngonyaka ka-2035. (American Heart Association, 2020)
• AmaNational Institutes of Health asebenzise imali engaphezulu kwe- $ 1.4 billion ocwaningweni lwezifo zenhliziyo ngo-2019. (National Institutes of Health, 2020)
• 1 kuwo wonke amadola ayisithupha okunakekelwa kwezempilo achithwa kwisifo senhliziyo. (Million Hearts, 2019)
• Ukwelashwa esibhedlela ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo kubiza imali engama- $ 53,384 aphakathi, kanti ukuhlinzwa okudlula kungabiza u- $ 85,891 kuya ku- $ 177,546. (I-American Heart Association, 2017)
• Abantu abane-hypertension basebenzisa cishe ama- $ 2,000 ngonyaka ngaphezulu kontanga yabo abangenayo i-hypertension ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. (I-American Heart Association, 2018)

Izimbangela zesifo senhliziyo

Manje njengoba sinamanani asangulukisayo asesendleleni, ake sifike emsukeni wenkinga. Yini ebangela isifo senhliziyo kwasekuqaleni? Kunohlu olude lwezinto ezinobungozi benhliziyo; ezinye ziyalawuleka kanti ezinye azikho. Isibonelo, ubudala, ubuhlanga, nomlando wezempilo womndeni kungabeka umuntu engcupheni ephezulu, kepha akukhona ukukhetha komuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi ezinobungozi ezithonywa ukukhetha kwethu kwendlela yokuphila, njenge:

• Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala

Futhi akupheleli lapho. Imvelo yomuntu ingathinta nempilo yenhliziyo, nayo. Izinhlaka zezenhlalo ezifana nobuphofu, ukungavikeleki kwezindlu, imfundo, kanye nokushoda komshuwalense kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu yenhliziyo. Ngaphandle kokuthola izinsizakusebenza kanye nekhono lokugcina ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, njll., Umuntu uzothinteka kalula esifo senhliziyo.

Ungasigwema kanjani isifo senhliziyo

Awukho umlando womndeni noma iminyaka eguqukayo, kepha kusenezindlela eziningi zokugcina isifo senhliziyo sikhona. Ukudla kuyitshe legumbi lokuvimbela isifo senhliziyo, futhi ukuvivinya umzimba ngomunye umdlali oyinhloko, kusho U-Anthony Kaveh , MD, isazi semithi esihlanganisiwe.

Ukubeka iso kwi-cholesterol yegazi nesisindo kubalulekile, futhi, njengoba i-cholesterol ephezulu nokukhuluphala kuyizinto eziyingozi enkulu. Ukugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi nokuphuza ngokweqile nakho kuyasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni i-CVD. Amasu wokulawula ukucindezeleka okunempilo nokulala ngokwanele kubeka i-cherry phezulu. Empeleni, ukugwema izinto ezinobungozi ezilawulwayo kumane nje kuholele empilweni enempilo ephelele.

Kepha izindlela zokuvimbela zisebenza ngokuhlukile kumuntu ngamunye, ngokusho kukaDkt. Kaveh. Okusemqoka ukuthola amasu ahambisana nomuntu ngamunye, usho kanje. Njengokuthi nje umuthi ofanayo wegazi ungasebenza kanjani ngokungafani kubantu ababili abahlukene, amasu afanayo okuphila kungenzeka angasebenzi ngokufanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Sonke siletha imilando yethu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu empilweni yethu, futhi sidinga ukuthola izindlela ezihlanganisiwe ezihambisana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ukuze sizibandakanye ekukhethweni kwempilo enempilo ngokungaguquguquki.

UDkt Kaveh ukhuthaza iziguli zakhe ukuthi kunenani elikhulu ekuguqulweni kwendlela yokuphila emincane. Ukukhetha kwethu okuncane nsuku zonke kunomthelela omkhulu wokuqongelela, usho kanje. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kubonakala sengathi akukephuzi kakhulu ukuvuna izinzuzo zendlela yokuphila evikela inhliziyo.

Sebenzisa ikhadi lesaphulelo se-SingleCare

Ukwelapha isifo senhliziyo

Vele, izindlela zokwelashwa ze-CVD ziyehluka ngokuya ngesimo nobukhali baso, kepha imishanguzo eminingana ingaphatha izimbangela zezifo zenhliziyo ezivamile. Ezigulini ezine-cholesterol ephezulu, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangahle banikeze ama-statins, isigaba sezidakamizwa esehlisa i-LDL (cholesterol embi), njengeLipitor (atorvastatin) noma iCrestor (rosuvastatin). Cishe isigamu sabantu baseMelika abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ama-beta blockers nama-ACE inhibitors angasiza ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi. Ama-beta blockers afana ne-Sectral (acebutolol) avimba isenzo se-adrenaline ukubambezela inhliziyo, ukwelapha isigqi esingajwayelekile, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, nokusiza ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okuphindayo. Ama-ACE inhibitors afana neLotensin (benazepril) anciphisa umfutho wegazi ngokuphumula nokwandisa imithambo yegazi. Ukusiza ukuvimbela amahlule egazi, abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangaphinda bancome i-aspirin, i-clopidogrel, noma i-warfarin.

Izimo ezinzima kakhulu noma ezisongela impilo zingadinga izinqubo zokuhlinzwa njengokuhlinzwa kokudlula, ukufaka i-pacemaker, noma ukubekwa kwe-stent.

OKUSHIWO: Imininingwane yeLipitor | Imininingwane yeCrestor | Imininingwane ye-Acebutolol | Imininingwane yeLotensin | Imininingwane ye-Aspirin | Imininingwane yeClopidogrel | Imininingwane yeWarfarin

OKUSHIWO: I-ACE inhibitors vs. beta blockers: Yikuphi okulungele wena?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo zesifo senhliziyo

Yimaphi amaphesenti wabantu abanesifo senhliziyo?

I-American Heart Association ilinganisela ukuthi ama-48% wabantu base-U.S. Banehlobo oluthile lwesifo senhliziyo.

Yiliphi izwe elinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lesifo senhliziyo?

Idatha yeWorld Health Organisation yango-2012 ikhombisa ukuthi iTurkmenistan inesibalo esiphakeme kakhulu sokufa kwesifo senhliziyo, njengoba kufa abantu abangu-712 kubantu abayi-100,000, kulandele iKazakhstan, nokufa kwabantu abangu-635 kwabangu-100,000.

Ingabe isifo senhliziyo siyakhula noma siyancipha?

Ukufa okuhlobene ne-CVD kuyehla emhlabeni wonke, kepha kuyanda e-U.S., Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association.

Lithini inani lokufa kwesifo senhliziyo?

Isifo senhliziyo sibangela ukufa komuntu oyedwa kwabane e-U.S., Ukufa kwabantu abayi-198.8 kubo bonke abantu abayi-100,000.

Yimaphi amaphesenti wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ayingozi e-U.S.?

Cishe u-10% wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuyabulala. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi isifo senhliziyo esisodwa senzeka njalo ngemizuzwana engama-40 e-U.S kusho ukuthi zisabangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi. Ngo-2017, isifo senhliziyo sabangela ukufa kwabantu abangu-365,914 eMelika.

Yini imbangela ehamba phambili yesifo senhliziyo?

Ukuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni zomthambo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis, kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo. I-atherosclerosis imvamisa ingumphumela wokuziphatha okungenampilo njengokudla okunomsoco, ukubhema, nokuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba.

Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani isifo senhliziyo sibe imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa?

Isifo senhliziyo akuyona inkinga entsha e-United States. Bekuyimbangela yokufa yesizwe ehamba phambili kusukela ngo-1921, ngokusho kuka isifundo se-2006 .

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo?

Naka ubuhlungu besifuba / ukungakhululeki, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukukhathala, ukukhwehlela / ukushaywa umoya, nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, njengoba konke kungaba yizinkomba zesifo senhliziyo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo senhliziyo?

Isifo senhliziyo yigama elibanzi elichaza izimo ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi isifo semisipha yenhliziyo (i-cardiomyopathy), isifo semithambo yegazi, i-arrhythmia (efana ne-atrr fibrillation), kanye nesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso.

Ucwaningo lwezifo zenhliziyo

• Izibalo zesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi 2019 buyekeza , Ukujikeleza yi-American Heart Association (AHA)
• Izifo zenhliziyo ( Ama-CVD ) , Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba Wonke (WHO)
• Izibalo zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi , AHA
• Isifo senhliziyo iphepha lamaqiniso , Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC)
• Amaqiniso ngomfutho wegazi ophezulu , I-CDC
• I- isifo senhliziyo igebe lobulili , EHarvard
• Isifo senhliziyo nabesifazane , IHhovisi Lezempilo Labesifazane
• Izindleko nemiphumela ye- isifo senhliziyo , Million Izinhliziyo by the CDC
• Ukungafani ngokobuhlanga nangokobuhlanga ku Isifo senhliziyo , I-CDC
• Usayizi owodwa awulingani konke: indima yezocansi, ubulili, ubuhlanga nobuzwe emithini yenhliziyo , Umagazini Wezenhliziyo yi-American College of Cardiology
• Izimpawu ze-Vital: ukwehluka kwezinga lombuso emicimbini yenhliziyo engazalanga neyibulalayo eyenzelwe ukuvimbela , Million Izinhliziyo by the CDC
• Ucwaningo lwesibhedlela sikazwelonke lokuhlola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngo-2017 , I-CDC
• Iziguli ezingenawo umshwalense zibhekene nezikweletu ezibhubhisayo esibhedlela ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, AHA
• Amathrendi ku- ukunakekela impilo izindleko phakathi S. abantu abadala nge-hypertension: izilinganiso zikazwelonke, 2003-2014 , Ijenali ye-American Heart Association
• Isifo senhliziyo , Amazinga Ezempilo aseMelika yi-United Health Foundation
• Ukulinganiselwa kwemali yokuxhaswa kwezigaba ezahlukahlukene zocwaningo, isimo, nezifo (i-RCDC) , Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zezempilo (NIH)