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Ngabe uhlobo lwegazi lakho lusho ukuthini empilweni yakho?

Ngabe uhlobo lwegazi lakho lusho ukuthini empilweni yakho?Imfundo Yezempilo

Uma konke okwaziyo ngegazi lakho ukuthi kubomvu, unokuthola okufanele ukwenze.





Igazi lakhiwe ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene. Kunamaseli abomvu namhlophe egazi, aphethe umoya-mpilo futhi asize ukulwa nokutheleleka, ngokulandelana. Kunama-platelet, asiza igazi lakho ukuba ligaye. Futhi kune-plasma, enikeza umzimba ngezinto ezifana nezakhamzimba namahomoni. I-plasma yakho iqukethe amasosha omzimba, okuyizinto amasosha omzimba wakho azisebenzisayo ukulwa nabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe njengamagciwane namagciwane.



Igazi lakho liqukethe nama-antigen. Lawa angama-protein namanye ama-molecule akhona ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi; banquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwegazi onalo. Igazi liphinde lihlukaniswe nge-rhesus factor yayo (aka, Rh factor). Uma igazi lakho liqukethe isici se-Rh D — okuyisona esidlange kakhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu sezici ze-Rh — unohlobo lwegazi oluqondile. Uma igazi lakho lingenalo, unohlobo olungelona lwegazi.

Ukuhlukanisa igazi ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile kubalulekile ezintweni ezifana nokumpontshelwa igazi, okuthathela indawo igazi elilahlekile ngokuhlinzwa, izingozi, nokuphazamiseka kokopha. Ukuxuba uhlobo oluthile lwegazi olungahambisani nolunye — ngenxa yezinto ezifana nama-antigen ne-Rh factor — kungabulala.

Igazi elinempilo libalulekile empilweni enempilo. Kusukela ekuthayipheni ukuya ekufakeni igazi, nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngegazi lakho nempilo yakho.



Zingaki izinhlobo zegazi ezikhona?

Iningi labantu linolunye lwezinhlobo zegazi eziyisishiyagalombili. Futhi, izinhlobo zegazi zisekelwe kuma-antigen (noma ukuntuleka kwawo) atholakala kumaseli akho egazi nokuthi ngabe igazi lakho liqukethe i-Rh D. Igazi lifakwa ngomshini ngokohlelo lwe-ABO lweqembu legazi. Uma igazi lakho linama-antigen, une-A uhlobo lwegazi. Uma unama-antigen B, unohlobo lwegazi olungu-B. Abanye abantu banakho kokubili ama-antigen ka-A no-B, abanikeze igazi le-AB. Futhi abantu abanohlobo lwegazi O abanama-antigen ka-A noma B.

Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zibuye zihlukaniswe ngokuya nge-Rh factor yazo. Isibonelo, abanye abantu bane-A positive kanti abanye bane-A negative. Inani elincane kakhulu labantu linalokho okubizwa nge-Rh null blood (ebizwa nangokuthi igazi legolide), okusho ukuthi ayinazo nhlobo izici ze-Rh. Lokhu kuyaqabukela ngokwedlulele, kwenzeka kubantu abambalwa kuphela emhlabeni jikelele.

Uhlobo lwegazi olwejwayelekile noma olungajwayelekile luyehluka ngohlanga, imvelaphi, nokuthi uhlala kuyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba. Ngokwencwadi Amaqembu Egazi Nama-antigen Obomvu Wamaseli , uhlobo lwegazi B luvamile kubantu base-Asia kuyilapho uhlobo lwegazi A lutholakala eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu. E-U.S naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, O Owuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwegazi, njengokuthola i-Rh factor enhle. I-AB negative yi-rarest. Kuthiwani ngezinye izinhlobo zegazi? I- IStanford Blood Center inikeza lezi zibalo.



Uhlobo lwegazi Amaphesenti abantu baseMelika abanohlobo lwegazi
O + 37.4%
A + 35.7%
B + 8.5%
NOMA- 6.6%
KU- 6.3%
AB + 3.4%
B- 1.5%
KUSUKA- 0.6%

Yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi lami?

Uhlobo lwegazi lakho ulizuze njengefa kubazali bakho — futhi ngeke ukwazi ukulishintsha njengoba usungashintsha umbala wamehlo akho.

Umzali ngamunye unikela nge-alleles yabo eyodwa engu-A, B, noma u-O (uhlobo lwesakhi sofuzo) ohlotsheni lwegazi lomntwana. I-O allele ibhekwa njengeqile, okusho ukuthi ayivezwa njalo. Ngakho-ke uma owesifazane one-OO alleles enengane nendoda enama-BB alleles, ingane izoba nohlobo lwegazi olungu-B.

Ingabe ingane ingake ibe nohlobo lwegazi oluhlukile kunabazali bayo? Kungenzeka impela, uthi UDeva Sharma , MD, MS, i-hematologist-oncologist eVanderbilt University Medical Center eNashville, Tenn. Isibonelo, umama we-AO uzoba nohlobo lwegazi A, nobaba we-BO uzoba nohlobo lwegazi B. Kodwa-ke, kunamathuba angama-25% okuthi bangaba nengane enohlobo lwegazi O (olunefa lama-OO alleles), futhi babe nethuba elingama-25% lokuthi bangaba nengane enohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB (nefa le-A allele elivela kumama kanye no-B allele kubaba ).



Yikuphi okunye ukuhlanganiswa okungenzeka? I-Emory University School of Medicine hlanganisa leli shadi:

Ama-alleles omzali # 1 Ama-alleles omzali # 2 Uhlobo lwegazi Lomntwana
I-AA noma i-AO (Uhlobo A) I-AA noma i-AO (Uhlobo A) Thayipha u-A noma u-O
I-AA noma i-AO (Uhlobo A) I-BB noma i-BO (Uhlobo B) Thayipha u-A, B, AB, noma u-O
I-AA noma i-AO (Uhlobo A) AB (Uhlobo AB) Thayipha u-A, B, noma u-AB
I-AA noma i-AO (Uhlobo A) YEBO (Thayipha O) Thayipha u-A noma u-O
I-BB noma i-BO (Uhlobo B) I-BB noma i-BO (Uhlobo B) Thayipha B noma u-O
I-BB noma i-BO (Uhlobo B) AB (Uhlobo AB) Thayipha B, A noma AB
I-BB noma i-BO (Uhlobo B) YEBO (Thayipha O) Thayipha B noma u-O
AB (Uhlobo AB) AB (Uhlobo AB) Thayipha u-A, B, noma u-AB
AB (Uhlobo AB) YEBO (Thayipha O) Thayipha u-A noma u-B
YEBO (Thayipha O) YEBO (Thayipha O) Thayipha u-O

I-Rh factor yakho nayo izuzwe njengefa, futhi njengohlobo lwegazi lakho, uzuza njengelinye lama-Rh alleles kumzali ngamunye. Ngakho-ke ingane ethola i-Rh allele allele kumzali ngamunye iyoba ne-Rh, kanti enye ethola i-Rh allele engalungile kumzali ngamunye iyoba yi-Rh negative. Uma une-Rh allele eyodwa enhle neyodwa engemihle (ikwenza ube ne-Rh positive, njengoba i-Rh negative allele ingeke ibe namandla), ungadlulisela eyodwa iye phansi enganeni yakho. Ukuthi ingane yakho izoba ne-Rh noma cha noma cha ngeke kuxhomeke kulokho okudluliswa omunye umzali.



Ngingaluthola kanjani uhlobo lwami lwegazi?

Kunezindlela ezintathu ongathola ngazo uhlobo lwegazi lakho.

  1. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angalawula ukuhlolwa kohlobo lwegazi.
  2. Unganikela ngegazi. Kuzokwenziwa isivivinyo sokuthayipha bese imiphumela ithunyelwa kuwe.
  3. Ungathenga ukuhlolwa kokuthayipha igazi ekhaya. Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile zihilela ukubhoboza umunwe wakho nokubeka ithonsi legazi ekhadini elelashwa ngamakhemikhali elibheka ama-antigen ne-Rh factor. Ngemuva kwalokho umatanisa okubonayo ekhadini nomhlahlandlela onikeziwe. Okunye ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya isampula yamathe.

Lezi zivivinyo azikhohlisi, noma kunjalo. Kunezimo ezithile lapho sithola ukungahambisani nokuthayipha kwegazi lethu, kusho uDkt. Sharma. Lokhu kungenzeka kumuntu onomdlavuza wegazi, ngokwesibonelo, noma kothile ofakelwe ukumpontshelwa igazi muva nje noma ukufakelwa ama-stem cell.



Yiziphi izinhlobo zegazi ezifanele ukumpontshelwa?

Yize kubonakala kungaphikisani, ukwazi ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi lakho akubucayi ngokuphelele. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abantu abaningi badlula ezimpilweni zabo zonke bengalwazi uhlobo lwegazi labo futhi alubalimazi, kusho UJerry E. Squires , MD, Ph.D., uprofesa e-Medical University yaseNingizimu Carolina eCharleston. Kungani? Ngoba asikho isibhedlela esizofaka isiguli igazi ngaphandle kokwenza izivivinyo kuqala ukuthola uhlobo lwegazi lesiguli. Futhi, cha, isibhedlela ngeke sithathe igama lesiguli ngohlobo lwegazi laso. Ngiyazi ukuthi ngiyiqembu legazi A, kodwa uma ngidinga igazi, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo lwami nokuthi kukhethwa amayunithi aphephile amangqamuzana egazi ukuze ngimpontshelwe.

Ukumpontshelwa uhlobo lwegazi olungahambisani nolwakho kungaba yingozi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba egazini langaphandle angadala ukuphendula komzimba ekuhlaseleni, kubangele ukuqhuma kwezinkinga. Yiziphi izinhlobo zegazi ezihambisanayo futhi yiziphi ezingahambisani? Ngokuvumelana ne Izikhungo zegazi lesikhumbuzo , inhlanganisela ephephile ifaka:



Uhlobo lwegazi Unganikela ngegazi ku- Ungathola igazi kusuka ku-
A + A +, AB + A +, A-, O +, O-
KU- A-, A +, AB-, AB + KUYA-
B + B +, AB + B +, B-, O +, O-
B- B-, B +, AB-, AB + B-, O-
AB + AB + AB +, AB-, A +, A-, B +, B-, O +, O-
KUSUKA- AB-, AB + AB-, A-, B-, O-
O + O +, A +, B +, AB + O +, O-
NOMA- O-, O +, A +, A-, B +, B-, AB +, AB- NOMA-

Kwenzekani uma usesimweni esiphuthumayo ungenasikhathi sokuhlolwa kohlobo lwegazi? Uzothola i-O- igazi. Ngaphandle kwama-antigen noma isici se-Rh D, i-O- igazi iyahambisana nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zegazi. Ngaleso sizathu, abantu abane-O-blood kubhekiselwa kubo njengabaxhasi bendawo yonke.

Ngokusho kwe- I-American Red Cross , njalo ngemizuzwana emibili umuntu kulelizwe udinga ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lokho kwenza iminikelo yegazi okubucayi kakhulu. Uma uphilile, sicela ube umnikeli wegazi, kukhuthaza uDkt. Squires. Ayikho into engathatha indawo yegazi, futhi uma abantu benganikeli sizophela. Lokho bekungasho ukuthi akukho ukuhlinzwa, akukho ukufakelwa, futhi akukho ukwelashwa kwezihlukumezi.

Uhlobo lwegazi lami luthini ngempilo yami?

Ingabe uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungakwenza uthambekele ezifweni ezithile? Ngenkathi abanye ochwepheshe bethi noma yimuphi umphumela wegazi ongaba khona odlala ezempilo awubalulekile kakhulu, abanye bathi kukhona ukuxhumana okuvumelekile.

Ama-antigen e-ABO akha uhlobo lwethu lwegazi awaboniswa kuphela ebusweni bamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kodwa akhona nakwezinye izicubu zomuntu, kusho uDkt. Sharma. Lokhu kunikeza isisekelo sohlobo lwegazi lwe-ABO ukuze lube nokubaluleka komtholampilo ngemiphumela ehlukahlukene yezempilo engaphandle kohlelo lwegazi.

Yini eminye yaleyo miphumela yezempilo engaba yiyo? Ngokuvumelana ne Imithi YaseNyakatho Ntshonalanga , ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi:

  • Abantu abane-type O igazi linobungozi obuphansi kunabo bonke besifo senhliziyo ngenkathi abantu abane-B no-AB benesiphezulu kakhulu.
  • Abantu abane-A ne-AB igazi linezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lomdlavuza wesisu.
  • Abantu abanegazi lohlobo A ungaba nesikhathi esinzima kunabanye abaphethe ukucindezeleka ngoba zivame ukukhiqiza i-hormone yokucindezeleka i-cortisol.

Kepha uma kukhulunywa ngohlobo lwegazi futhi i-COVID-19 iziguli-isifo sesikhashana - kunezindaba ezinhle. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngabaphenyi baseHarvard Medical School abashicilele kulo magazini Izimemezelo zeHematology , Uhlobo lwegazi alunamthelela ekutheni umuntu ugula kanjani nge-coronavirus (ngaphandle kwezimangalo zokuqala ezithi kungenzeka).

FUNDA OKULANDELAYO: Unganikela kanjani ngegazi nokuthi kungani kufanele — ngesikhathi salo bhubhane