Kuhlolwa nini ingane yakho

Imfundo Yezempilo

Emhlabeni jikelele, izinga lokukhuthaza abantu ukuba nomzimba ojwayelekile ezigulini ezinganeni zesikole lisondela ku-40% kuye ku-50%, ngokusho kwe- Inhlangano Yezwe Yokungezelela komzimba (WAO). E-United States, izingane ezingama-6.5% zine-allergies yokudla, i-7.7% yezingane ine-hay fever, kanti i-13.5% yezingane ine-allergies yesikhumba, ngokusho Idatha kaZwelonke yeNhlolovo Yezingxoxo Zempilo . Iqiniso: Ukungezwani komzimba yinkinga ejwayelekile emakhaya anezingane ezincane.

Lapho ukungezwani komzimba nomuntu kubi kakhulu, kungaba nemiphumela esabekayo yezempilo. Izingane zingalahlekelwa ukulala noma zilahlekelwe isikole ngemuva kokulala ubusuku bonke zikhwehlela. Noma, ezimweni ezinzima, yiba nokusabela okuyingozi ekulunyweni yizinambuzane noma ekuchayekeni kokudla. Ikakhulukazi ngokungezwani nokudla, kubalulekile ukuthola umthombo wezimpawu ngokushesha okukhulu ukuphepha kwengane yakho. Ukudla kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-anaphylaxis, ukusabela okweqile okukhula futhi okusongela impilo, ezinganeni, okubalwa kuze kube ngu-81% wamacala, kusho uLakiea Wright, MD, umqondisi wezokwelapha wezindaba zase-U.S. I-Thermo Fisher Scientific .

Uma ingane yakho ithimula ilingana ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, noma iba nesifuba ngemuva kokudla isinongo esithile — esingalawulwa yimithi yokwaliwa komzimba - kungaba yisikhathi sokucabanga ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba .

Ngokushesha lapho uthola ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu, ngokushesha uzokwazi ukuphatha izimpawu ukuze ingane yakho ibuyele empilweni ejwayelekile.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba?

Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kuyinqubo yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, noma ukuhlolwa kokudla kokuqeda okuzama ukukhomba ukuzwela kuma-allergen ajwayelekile njenge:

• Impova yezitshalo
• Isikhunta
• I-dander yezilwane
• Ukulunywa yizinambuzane
• Ukudla (isb., Amakinati, amaqanda, ubisi, i-shellfish, noma ukolweni)
• Imithi

Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ekutholeni imishanguzo yokudla nokuningi, kusho uDkt. Wright. Isibonelo, kukhona nokuhlolwa okutholakalayo kokungezwani komzimba okuvamile kwemvelo kufaka phakathi izibungu zothuli, isikhunta, i-animal dander, ne-pollens. Uhlobo lokuhlola luyahlukahluka, kuya ngokuthi ingane yakho ine-aleji yezemvelo noma yokudla.

Ngabe abazali kufanele bacabangele nini izingane ezihlola ukungezwani komzimba?

Odokotela bangancoma ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba uma ingane yakho inesimo sokuphefumula njenge-asthma ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu. Noma iyiphi ingane enenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nemvelo kufanele ihlolwe ukungezwani komzimba, kusho UGary Soffer, MD , uprofesa osizayo wezifo zezingane zokwelashwa e Isikole Sezokwelapha saseYale . Lokhu kusiza ukuqondisa izincomo zethu zokugwema izimbangela, kanye nokuthola i-immunotherapy ngokuzayo. Okuvamile izinkomba zomzimba noma ukusabela okweqile ezinganeni kufaka phakathi:

• I-Rhinitis (ukuthimula, ukuminyana, ikhala eligijimayo, noma ukuvuza ngamakhala)
• Khwehlela
• Ukuqhuma
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Isifuba
• Amehlo alumayo noma isikhumba
• Izinkinga zokugaya (amajaqamba, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo)

Izingane ezinokungezwani komzimba nemvelo, ezivame ukuba khona nokucinana kwamakhala, amehlo alumayo, nokuthimula, kusho uDkt. Soffer. Uphawu oluphathelene kakhulu kimi, ukuhogela nokuphefumula umlomo ngoba ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ingane ayilali kahle ebusuku.

Izingane ezihlola ukungezwani komzimba zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zengane yakho zihlobene nokungezwani komzimba noma zibangelwa okunye okuthile.

Kodwa-ke, uma usola kuphela ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba nokuzwela kokudla, ukuhlolwa akwenzi mqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuhlolelwa ukungezwani komzimba nokudla akufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle komlando ocacile wokwelashwa okwenzekayo, kuchaza uDkt. Soffer. Amapaneli okudla, ngeshwa, avame ukuthunyelwa athambekele ekubeni namazinga aphakeme kakhulu amahle futhi aholela ekugwemeni okungenasidingo kokudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi uxoxe ngemiphumela yakho nodokotela oqinisekisa ukwaliwa komzimba onemithombo yokwenza izinselelo zokudla ngomlomo.

Ubani ongavivinya ukungezwani komzimba nomntwana?

Uma udokotela wezingane wakho ecabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingahle ibe ne-allergies, cishe uzokuthumela ukuthi ubone i-allergist noma i-immunologist egxile ekuphenduleni komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba.

Ingane yakho kufanele ibe neminyaka emingaki ukuze ihlolwe ukungezwani komzimba?

Abazali abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izingane kufanele zifinyelele eminyakeni ethile ngaphambi kokungezwani komzimba. Empeleni, izingane zanoma ibuphi ubudala zingaba nazo futhi zihlolwe ukwaliwa komzimba ngokuya nge- I-American College of Allergy, i-Asthma, ne-Immunology (ACAAI).

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi (kusuka ezinganeni kuya kwabadala), uDkt Wright uyavuma. Lapho ingane inenkinga yokungezwani komzimba, ingavela okokuqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ezinye izingane ziyeka ukusabela kokungezwani nezinto ezithile, njengobisi neqanda, njengoba zikhula, kepha ukungezwani komzimba nokudla okufana namantongomane kuvame ukuhlala.

Bazivivinya kanjani izingane nge-allergies?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze- ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba :

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuqedwa kokuhlolwa kokudla

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokungezwani komzimba okusolwayo, i-allergist izokhetha ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba okufanele kakhulu noma inhlanganisela yezivivinyo. Ukuxilongwa kokungezwani kokudla kuyinkimbinkimbi, kusho uDkt. Wright. Ngaphezu kokuthola umlando oningiliziwe womtholampilo esigulini, abelaphi abaningi bazosebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Nakhu ongakulindela ekuhlolweni komzimba kwengane yakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba komzimba

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwesikhumba ezinganeni ukuhlolwa kwe-prick noma ukuklwebheka, ukuhlolwa kwe-intradermal, nokuhlolwa kwama-patch. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuvame ukubiza kakhulu futhi kunenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqagela komzimba, kusho uDkt. Soffer. Ekuhlolweni kokubhoboza isikhumba, i-allergist izothepha inani elincane le-allergen ebusweni besikhumba sengane yakho ngenaliti. Ekuhlolweni kwe-intradermal, i-allergist ifaka inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen engxenyeni ephezulu yesikhumba sengane yakho. Ekuhlolweni kwe-patch, ama-allergen asetshenziselwa ukunamathela, okugqokwa engalweni amahora angama-48. Uma ingane yakho iguliswa yisifo, kuzovela iqhubu elibomvu nelibomvu – elibukeka futhi lizwakale njengokulunywa umiyane.

Imvamisa ingane yakho izosabela esivivinyweni esihlabayo noma esivivinyweni se-intradermal kungakapheli imizuzu engama-20 noma ngaphansi, yize kwesinye isikhathi ububomvu bungavela amahora ambalwa noma amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba. I-allergenist izohlola ukusabela ekuhlolweni kwe-patch ngezikhathi ezibekiwe ngemuva kokuthi isichibi sisuswe. Ezinganeni ezinokungezwani komzimba okukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwesinye isikhathi kungadala i-anaphylaxis.

Ukungezwani komzimba nokuhlolwa kwegazi

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kwegazi, kuya nge-allergen esolwayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukudingeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi futhi kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kunokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, kuchaza uDkt. Soffer.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza futhi ekuboneni amaprotheni athile we-allergenic abangela ukusabela kokudla-lolu hlobo lokuhlola lubizwa ngokuthi yi-allergen component testing, kusho uDkt Wright. Isibonelo, uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokungezwani nobisi, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa umlando womtholampilo wengane yakho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwengxenye ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho idinga ukugwema ubisi ngazo zonke izindlela noma uma ingane yakho ingakwazi ukubekezelela okubhakiwe imikhiqizo yobisi efana namakhukhi, amakhekhe, noma ama-muffin.

Ingane yakho izodonswa igazi, futhi ithole imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba ngemuva kwelebhu eyicubungulile — imvamisa osukwini olulodwa kuya kwezimbili. I-allergen yakho ingancoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi uma ingane yakho izwela kakhulu kuma-allergener ngoba ayikho ingozi yokuphendula okungalungile.

Ukuqedwa kokuhlolwa kokudla

Lapho kusolwa ukungezwani komzimba nokudla, abengezwani nokwelashwa komzimba bangancoma ukudla okunomkhawulo kakhulu okuqeda ukudla okuthile okungadala ukusabela okubi.

Izithako zomzimba ezivame kakhulu ubisi, iqanda, amakinati, amantongomane ezihlahla, ukolweni, isoya, inhlanzi kanye ne-shellfish, ngokusho UKWENZA . Ama-Allergists angancoma ukudla kokuqeda isonto noma ngaphezulu, futhi azogada ukusabela njengoba kukhishwa ukudla. Uma ukudla kokuqeda kunzima kakhulu ukulandela, noma i-allergen isola ukuthi ingane yakho isidlulile ukungezwani komzimba nokudla, ingahle izame inselelo yokudla-inikeze inani elincane lokudla okusolwayo endaweni elawulwayo ukukala ukusabela.

Lapho sesazi ukuthi isiguli siguliswa yiphi inhloso yokuqala yokuphatha ukugwema izinto ezidala izimpawu, kuchaza uDkt Soffer. Sisebenza nemindeni ngezindlela zokulawula imvelo yengane yabo. Uma lokhu kungaphumeleli, imishanguzo noma ukuthwebula komzimba kuyadingeka.

Kuyethusa lapho usola ukuthi ingane yakho ingahle ibe nenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nayo, kepha uma usheshe wabona ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela izimpawu, kungashesha ukuthi unqume uhlelo lokwelashwa ukuze uziqede – futhi ubuyele empilweni ejwayelekile.

Kubiza malini ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba?

Izindleko zokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba zingaba kusuka ku- $ 60 kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamaRandi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukukhetha izivivinyo ezifanele zengane yakho. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kusuka ku- $ 60 kuye ku- $ 300. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabiza kusuka ku- $ 200 kuye ku- $ 1,000, ngokusho kwe- Isisekelo se-ABIM . Ngokuya ngesembozo sakho, umshuwalense wezempilo ungahlanganisa noma ungavali lezi zivivinyo.

Amakhadi esaphulelo ekhemisi, njengeSingleCare, angasiza ekwehliseni intengo yemithi yokungezwani komzimba, efana neZyrtec (cetirizine), Allegra (fexofenadine), Claritin (loratadine), noma iBenadryl (diphenhydramine).