Kungani ukuphazamiseka kokuzimela komzimba kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane?

Imfundo Yezempilo

Lapho ngangikhona kutholakala ukuthi unesifo samathambo , Ngavele ngafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sifo nokuthi kungaba namthelela muni empilweni yami. Iqiniso elilodwa engimangele ngalo ukuthola ukuthi ngenkathi abantu ababalelwa ku-8% behlaselwa yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba, abesifazane bayakha cishe amacala angama-80% e-U.S . Kungani abesifazane bethinteka ngokungenakulinganiswa? Ukuthola izimpendulo,kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uqonde ukuthi yini okuyisifo sokuzilimaza komzimba.

Kuyini ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo?

Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba senzeka lapho amasosha omzimba, ngokuvamile elwa namagciwane, amabhaktheriya kanye nokutheleleka kuhlasela umzimba wakho ngephutha. Kunezifo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezizimele. Isifo ngasinye sihlukile, kepha abaningi babelana ngalezi zimpawu:

• Ukukhathala
• Isiyezi
• Kunzima ukugxila
• Umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele
• Izinguquko zesikhumba noma ukuqubuka

Ngoba lezi zimpawu zokuqala azicaci kahle, kungaba nzima (futhi kuthathe isikhathi) ukuthola ukuxilongwa okulungile.Izifo ezizimele zivame ukutholakala ngomlando ophelele nokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukucabanga (ama-X-ray, ama-MRI, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound), nokunye ukuxilongwa.

Yiziphi izifo ezivame ukuzimela?

Ezinye zezifo ezivame ukuzimela zihlanganisa:

• Izifo zendlala yegilo
• I-Psoriasis
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
• Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo
• Isifo samathambo
• ILupus
• I-Multiple sclerosis

Abesifazane bavame ukuthuthukisa izifo ezizimele phakathi neminyaka yabo yokubeletha , abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-12 no-51.Izifo ezizimele njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Hashimoto’s disease [low thyroidism], Sjogren’s syndrome, Grave’s disease [high thyroidism], kanye ne-multiple sclerosis kuthinta abesifazane kakhulu kunamadoda, kusho IMagdalena Cadet, MD , isazi samathambo saseNew York esisebenza kanye nozakwabo abaya eNYU Langone Medical Center.

Kungani abesifazane benezifo ezizimele kakhulu kunamadoda?

Iningi lochwepheshe likholelwa ukuthi liyinhlanganisela yamahomoni (ikakhulukazi i-estrogen), izakhi zofuzo (i-X chromosome), kanye nempendulo yesistimu yomzimba.

Ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi i-estrogen ingadlala indima ekwandeni kwezifo ezizimele kwabesifazane. Abesifazane abaningi batholakala ukuthi bane-lupus phakathi neminyaka yokubeletha lapho amazinga e-estrogen ephakeme, kusho uDkt Cadet. I-Estrogen empeleni ingakhuphula ukuvuvukala (okukhonjisiwe ukuthi kubangele futhi kuthuthukise abaningi izifo ezivamile ) ngenkathi i-testosterone kucatshangwa ukuthi inciphisa omaka bokuvuvukala. Ukuvuvukala kunendima ezifweni eziningi ezingalapheki.

Abesifazane bangase babe sethubeni lokuthola izifo ezizimele ngokwengxenye ngenxa yendima izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene namasosha omzimba noma i-X chromosome, kuchaza uDkt Cadet. Ezinye izifundo zabantu nezilwane zithole isakhi zofuzo ku-X chromosome engachaza ukucabanga komuntu wesifazane ukuba nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, Kodwa, kudingeka kwenziwe izifundo eziningi ukuhlola le mbono.

Alexander Shikhman, MD, i-rheumatologist ehlanganayo eneziqu zobudokotela ku-immunology esithathelwanayo kanye nomsunguli we Isikhungo Semithi Ekhethekile eSan Diego igcizelela indima yezakhi zofuzo nokuphendula kwamagciwane njengezinto ezinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezizimele.Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwempatho yokuzalwa komzimba kwabesifazane kuphakeme kakhulu okwenza abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ezifweni ezizimele, kuchaza uDkt. Shikhman. Ama-receptors anjenge-toll, amaseli ethula i-antigen, amaseli we-dendritic, amaseli we-B aphezulu kakhulu kwabesifazane. Kalula nje, abesifazane bane-immune reactivity (uma iqhathaniswa neyabesilisa) - okwenza ukuthi bangangenwa kalula yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa futhi ibabeka engcupheni yokuzimela ngenxa yezimpendulo ze-immune-immune.

Yini ebangela izifo ezizimele kwabesifazane?

Kunemibono eminingana yokuthi yini ekugcineni edala izifo zokuzivikela komzimba kwabesifazane kubandakanya ukutheleleka, ukuphendula komzimba okuqinile, ukucindezeleka, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nokudla.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izifo zingasebenza njengesikhuthazi semvelo sokuzimela komzimba (impendulo engaqondakali yomzimba eyenza umzimba uzihlasele uqobo). Ekusebenzeni kwethu, sihlala sivivinya ukutheleleka okungapheli okuyisisekelo okuqhuba isifo se-autoimmune, kuchaza uDkt Shikhman. Kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, ukuvezwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kubanga ubungozi obukhulu bokuzilimaza kwabesifazane kunabesilisa; njengoba sihlala sibona ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona kunzima kakhulu kwabesifazane. Okusho ukuthi, abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthi babe nokuphendula okuzenzakalelayo ngemuva kokutheleleka kunamadoda.

Ngokusho kukaDkt Cadet,Abesifazane futhi kungenzeka babe nethuba lokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba amaningi ekuphenduleni komzimba wabo lapho bebhekene nokutheleleka, ukuhlukumezeka, noma ukugoma. Uthi izifo eziningi ezizimele zixhunyaniswa ngama-auto-antibodies afana neRA, Sjogren's syndrome, ne lupus. Amasosha omzimba azenzakalelayo angamaqembu amaprotheni omzimba angalimaza umzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba edidekile futhi engakwazi ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwamaprotheni awakho nawazona. Ama-antibodies okuzenzakalelayo angadala ukuvuvukala futhi alimaze izicubu nezitho ezinempilo, okuholela kwisifo esizimele.

Ezinye izimbangela zezifo ezizimele zingabandakanya izakhi zofuzo, noma i- Ukudla kwaseNtshonalanga , okubandakanya okunamafutha amaningi ne-cholesterol, amaprotheni aphezulu, ushukela ophakeme, nosawoti oweqile nokudla okucutshungulwayo.

Ingabe abesifazane bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa izifo eziningi ezizimele?

Mayelana I-25% yeziguli ezinezifo ezizimele babe nokuthambekela kokuthuthukisa izifo ezengeziwe zokuzivikela komzimba. Ngamanye amazwi,izifo ezizimele zingenzeka ngamaqoqo.

Kunesimo esaziwa kakhulu ku-immunology esibizwa ngokuthi yi-'autoimmune epitope spread,' kuchaza uDkt Shikhman. Kuchaza ukwenziwa kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezizimele kumuntu onikiwe. Ukuphendula i-antigen, ama-B cell enza ama-antibodies; i-antibody ‘engcono kakhulu’ iyanqoba futhi idale ukuhlaselwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-antibody yokuqala ewinayo iqala ukuthola amanye amaseli B akhiqiza amasosha omzimba alimazayo enweba ukuhlaselwa kwezinye izicubu.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe e- IBoston Children's Hospital kanye neHarvard Medical school ichaza le nqubo njengesici sesitimela esibalekile sesifo se-autoimmune. Lapho ukuphendula okuzenzakalelayo sekuqalisiwe, kunomphumela we-cascade wezimpendulo ezizimele, ezingaholela ekwakhiweni kokuphazamiseka okwengeziwe kwe-autoimmune.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezizimele

Yize lungekho ikhambi lezifo ezizimele, ukuthuthuka emithini kunikeza ukubikezela okuthuthukile nokusebenza kwesiguli. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kungasiza kakhulu ekwehliseni noma ekunciphiseni ama-auto-immune flare ups. Kubandakanya:

• Ukwehliswa kwengcindezi
• Ukudla okunempilo
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• I-Biofeedback
• Ukunciphisa utshwala, ugwayi, noma okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• Imikhuba emihle yokulala
• Ubudlelwano obunempilo
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba

Izinketho zokwelashwa ziyahlukahluka ngezifo ezithile, kepha zingafaka:

• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ( ibuprofen , umabhebhana ): Eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-NSAID, le mithi ilapha ubuhlungu futhi yehlise ukuvuvukala.
• Ama-Corticosteroids ( umabhebhana , i-cortisone ): Le miyalelo ilwa nokuvuvukala futhi inciphisa ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba.
• Ukufaka esikhundleni seHormone ( insulini , lezince ): Izimo zokuzilimaza ezinjengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kanye ne-hypothyroidism zidinga ukushintshwa okuqhubekayo kwehomoni ethile.
• Ama-immunosuppressants ( cyclosporine , imethotrexate ): Le mithi icindezela amasosha omzimba futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, ne-psoriasis.
• I-immunoglobulin efakwa ngaphakathi : Le ndlela yokwelapha isebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-antibody ukwelapha izimo eziningana zezempilo.
• I-Biologics ( Humira , Umhlanganisi , I-Remicade , ICosentyx , Ocrevus ): Le mithi ivela ezintweni eziphilayo futhi ivimba izindlela zokuzivikela kumaseli.

Imfihlakalo yokuthi kungani izifo ezizimele zithinta abesifazane kakhulu kakhulu kunamadoda ziningi, kepha njengoba isayensi iqhubeka, kanjalo nethuba lokuthuthuka ekwelashweni nasezigulini ukuthi zibe nempilo engcono. Abesifazane abahlangabezana nokuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo bangazuza ikhwalithi ephezulu yempilo ngethimba lokwelashwa eliqukethe izinto eziningi kanye nendlela yomzimba wonke yokuphila kahle.