Yini ama-NSAID?

Imininingwane Yezidakamizwa

Uhlu lwe-NSAID | Yini ama-NSAID? | Basebenza kanjani | Isebenzisa | Ngubani ongathatha ama-NSAID? | Ukuphepha | Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo | Izindleko

Uma uke wahlangabezana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lobuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala, kungenzeka ukuthi uthathe imithi ye-NSAID yokuphumula kobuhlungu besikhashana (umphumela we-analgesic). Ama-NSAID yizidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala. Kusetshenziswa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, basiza izifo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezingadala ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala. Funda ukuze ufunde konke mayelana nama-NSAID-kufaka phakathi amagama ajwayelekile omkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa, nolwazi lokuphepha. Leli shadi libala ama-NSAID ajwayelekile kanye nolwazi lwamanani entengo.

Uhlu lwama-NSAID
Igama lomkhiqizo (igama elejwayelekile)	Intengo emaphakathi yemali ejwayelekile	Intengo ye-SingleCare	Funda kabanzi
I-Advil, iMotrin (ibuprofen) *	$ 50 per 30, 800 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-ibuprofen	Imininingwane ye-Ibuprofen
I-Aleve, Anaprox, Anaprox DS, Naprosyn, Naprelan (naproxen) *	$ 53 per 30, 500 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-naproxen	Imininingwane yeNaproxen
I-Celebrex (celecoxib)	$ 360 for 30, 200 mg amaphilisi	Thola isigqebhezana seCelebrex	Imininingwane yeCelebrex
I-Clinoril (sulindac)	$ 65 ngamaphilisi angama-60, 200 mg	Thola isigqebhezana seClinoril	Imininingwane yeClinoril
I-Feldene (piroxicam)	$ 183 for 30, 10 mg amaphilisi	Thola isigqebhezana sikaFeldene	Imininingwane kaFeldene
I-Indocin (indomethacin)	$ 32 for 30, 50 mg amaphilisi	Thola isigqebhezana se-Indocin	Imininingwane ye-Indocin
I-Lodine (etodolac)	$ 70 ngamaphilisi angama-60, 400 mg	Thola isigqebhezana seLodine	Imininingwane yeLodine
I-Mobic (meloxicam)	$ 210 ngamaphilisi angama-30, 15 mg	Thola isigqebhezana seMobic	Imininingwane ye-Mobic
I-Orudis (ketoprofen)	$ 52 ngamaphilisi angama-30, 75 mg	Thola isigqebhezana se-Orudis	Imininingwane ka-Orudis
I-Relafen (nabumetone)	$ 80 ngamaphilisi angama-60, 500 mg	Thola isigqebhezana seRelafen	Imininingwane kaRelafen
I-Toradol (ketorolac)	$ 127 ngamaphilisi angama-20, 10 mg	Thola isigqebhezana seToradol	Imininingwane ye-Toradol
IVoltaren, iVoltaren-XR (i-diclofenac sodium, ngomlomo)	$ 25 ngama-30, 50 mg amaphilisi	Thola isigqebhezana seVoltaren (ngomlomo)	Imininingwane ye-Voltaren (yomlomo)
Ijeli leVoltaren (diclofenac, isihloko) *	$ 82 nge-100-gram tube	Thola isigqebhezana seVoltaren (ngezihloko)	Imininingwane ye-Voltaren (ngezihloko)

* Kutholakala ekwakhiweni kwencwadi kadokotela naku-OTC

Amanye ama-NSAID afaka:

• I-Ansaid (flurbiprofen)
• I-Arthrotec (diclofenac / misoprostol)
• ICataflam (i-diclofenac potassium)
• I-Daypro (oxaprozin)
• I-Disalcid (salsalate)
• I-Dolobid (diflunisal)
• I-Flector (diclofenac topical)
• I-Meclomen (meclofenamate)
• I-Nalfon (fenoprofen)
• I-Pennsaid (diclofenac topical)
• IPonstel (mefenamic acid)
• I-Solaraze (diclofenac topical)
• I-Tolectin (tolmetin)
• I-Zipsor (i-diclofenac potassium)

Yini ama-NSAID?

Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ziyimithi ethandwayo elapha izinhlungu nokuvuvukala okuvela ezimeni ezahlukahlukene ezifana nesifo samathambo, izinhlungu zasemhlane kanye nekhanda. Futhi zingasiza ukunciphisa umkhuhlane. Yize kunama-NSAID amaningi kadokotela, amanye atholakala ngaphezu kwe-counter (OTC) njenge-aspirin ne-ibuprofen.

Qaphela ukuthi iTylenol, equkethe i-acetaminophen, ivame ukushiwo nale mithi, kepha UTylenol akayona i-NSAID.

Ngabe ama-NSAID asebenza kanjani?

Ama-NSAID asebenza ngokuvimba ama-enzyme abizwa nge-COX-1 ne-COX-2. I-COX imele i-cyclooxygenase. La ma-enzyme enza ama-prostaglandin, abangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala. Ngokuvimba la ma-enzyme, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-prostaglandin ambalwa, okudala izinhlungu nokuvuvukala okuncane. ( UCelebrex yi-NSAID eyi-COX-2 inhibitor. Ngokuvimba i-COX-2 kuphela, kungahle kube nemiphumela emibi esiswini.)

Ama-NSAID ayasebenza futhi angavama ukulawula izinhlungu, esindisa iziguli ekuthatheni imishanguzo enamandla njengama-opioid, anemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi abe namandla amakhulu okuhlukumeza nokuncika.

Uma unobuhlungu obuncane kuya kokulingene noma ukuvuvukala okudinga i-NSAID, ezinye izinyathelo zingasiza futhi. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokunye ukwelashwa okuphathelene nobuhlungu njengeqhwa noma ukushisa, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, nokuphumula.

Ama-NSAID asetshenziselwa ini?

Ama-NSAID awusizo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene ezibangela ubuhlungu obumaphakathi kuya kokulingene nokuvuvukala, okufana:

• Ubuhlungu beqolo
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukulimala / ukuqhuma kwezemidlalo
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bamazinyo
• Isifo samathambo
• Isifo samathambo sentsha
• I-osteoarthritis
• I-tendonitis
• I-Ankylosing spondylitis
• Ukunambitheka kwesinkwa
• I-Bursitis
• Amajaqamba okuya esikhathini

Njengoba izinkomba ezithile ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwemikhiqizo, cela isazi sakho kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi sikunikeze usizo lokulungisa izinhlungu.

Ngubani ongathatha ama-NSAID?

Kepha

Iningi lamadoda amadala angathatha ama-NSAID ngaphandle kokuthi awele ngaphansi kwanoma yimaphi amaqembu avinjelwe ngezansi.

Abesifazane

Iningi labesifazane abadala lingathatha ama-NSAID ngaphandle kokuthi liwele esigabeni esivinjelwe esingezansi. Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bathathe ama-NSAID ku-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa ngoba angadala ingozi enkulu enganeni engakazalwa.

Izingane

Amanye ama-NSAID angabhaliswanga, njenge-Advil neMotrin, ayatholakala ezinganeni ezindala kunezinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi uhlola umthamo ofanele nodokotela wezingane noma wemithi. Umthamo uyehluka ngokwakhiwa, ngeminyaka, nangesisindo. Okunye ukwakheka kugxilwe kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ingane izothola umuthi omningi ngobuncane. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ifayili le- Ilebuli Yezidakamizwa ngomkhiqizo othile, bese uhlola kabili nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ungaqiniseki. Futhi, sebenzisa inkomishi yokulinganisa noma isirinji yomlomo ukukala umthamo ofanele. Ungasebenzisi izinkezo zokulinganisa zasekhishini, ngoba lezi zingaba ezingalungile ekulinganiseni imithi.

Yize i-Aleve itholakala nge-OTC, akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12 ubudala.

Ama-NSAID kadokotela ahluka ngokweminyaka nobunkomba, ngakho-ke buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unemibuzo.

Abadala

Ama-NSAID aku- Uhlu Lwabhiya yemithi engahle ingalungele abantu abadala asebekhulile. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuphuma kwegazi esiswini noma izilonda kubantu asebekhulile kuneminyaka engama-75 ubudala. Ukuthatha i-proton pump inhibitor efana ne-Prilosec kungehlisa ingozi yemiphumela esiswini, kepha ayiqedi ubungozi. Abantu abadala asebekhulile kufanele futhi bagweme ama-NSAID ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukugcinwa koketshezi nokonakala kwezinso.

Ingabe ama-NSAID aphephile?

Imikhawulo ye-NSAID

Ungathathi i-NSAIDS uma:

• Ingabe i-allergen kunoma yimaphi ama-NSAID.
• Yiba nomlando we-asthma noma ukusabela okweqile kusuka ku-aspirin noma amanye ama-NSAID.
• Cishe sebezohlinzwa (noma basanda kuthola) i-CABG.
• Zise-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Uma use-trimester yokuqala noma yesibili, noma uma uncelisa, cela iseluleko sakho kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Izexwayiso ze-NSAID

Wonke ama-NSAID ane- isixwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama . Isexwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama yisixwayiso esibi kakhulu njengoba kudingwa yi-FDA (i-United States Food and Drug Administration). Lesi sexwayiso sifaka:

• Ingozi yenhliziyo : Ama-NSAID abangela ingozi eyengeziwe yama-clots egazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, nokushaywa yisifo, okungaba yingozi. Ubungozi bukhona ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, futhi ingozi iyanda uma umuthi usetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ama-NSAID akufanele asetshenziswe ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa komthambo we-coronary bypass graft (CABG).
• Ingozi yamathumbu (GI) : Ama-NSAID akhulisa ubungozi bokuphuma kwegazi, ukucasulwa ulwelwesi lwesisu / izilonda, nokugcwala kwesisu namathumbu. Lokhu kungabulala. Lezi zinkinga ze-GI zingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-NSAID futhi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Izici zobungozi zifaka abantu abadala asebekhulile neziguli ezinomlando we-GI opha kanye / noma izilonda.

Ezinye izexwayiso zifaka:

• Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinkinga zesibindi zingenzeka. Zingaba zimbi noma zibulale. Yazisa udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukukhathala, ukulunywa, ubuhlungu besisu obuphansi, i-jaundice, noma isifo sohudo.
• Umfutho wegazi kufanele ubhekwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Ngenxa yokuthi ama-NSAID akhulisa ubungozi bokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kanye ne-edema, kufanele ngokuvamile kugwenywe kubantu abanokwehluleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kungadala izinkinga zezinso futhi kufanele kugwenywe ezigulini ezinesifo sezinso esithuthukile.
• Thola usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha uma kwenzeka izimpawu zokuthinta i-anaphylactic, njengokulunywa, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ubuso, noma ulimi.
• Ama-NSAID angadala ukusabela okungathi sína kwesikhumba njengoStevens-Johnson Syndrome noma i-epidermal necrolysis enobuthi (TEN). Lokhu kungabulala futhi kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Yeka ukuthatha i-NSAID bese uthola usizo oluphuthumayo uma unesikhumba. Ungathathi ama-NSAID uma uke waba nokusabela kwesikhumba kwangaphambilini ku-NSAID.
• Ama-NSAID angadala i-anemia. Ingozi yokopha kuma-NSAID iyanda ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile efana ne-corticosteroids, anticoagulants (njenge-warfarin), ama-antiplatelets, noma i-SSRI noma i-SNRI antidepressants.
• Uma uthatha i-NSAID isikhathi eside, cela udokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwebhu. Ngenxa yazo zonke izingozi ezihambisana nama-NSAID, kungcono ukuthatha umthamo ophansi kakhulu ongaba nawo, ngesikhathi esifushane. Uma usebenzisa i-OTC NSAID, cela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10. Ubuhlungu obungapheli bungadinga umuthi ohlukile.

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngayo yonke imishanguzo oyiphuzayo, kufaka phakathi incwadi kadokotela, i-OTC, namavithamini, ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi i-NSAID iphephile neminye imithi oyiphuzayo. Ama-NSAID ahlangana nemithi ethile efana ne-SSRI noma i-SNRI antidepressants, anticoagulants, lithium, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, kanye ne-diuretics.

Ama-NSAID akufanele asetshenziswe ku-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa, ngoba angadala ingozi enkulu enganeni engakazalwa.

I-NSAID iyakhumbula

• Ukukhumbula umjovo weKetorolac (Mashi 2020)
• Ukukhumbula umjovo weKetorolac (Ephreli 2019)
• Ukukhumbula ngomlomo kwe-Ibuprofen (Januwari 2019)
• Izinsana 'ibuprofen khumbula (Disemba 2018)

IVioxx neBextra bobabili bezivimbela i-COX-2 ezisuswe emakethe ngenxa yezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo.

Ungakwazi yini ukuthatha ama-NSAID ngenkathi ukhulelwe noma uncelisa?

Ungathathi ama-NSAID ku-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Le mithi ingadala ingozi esongela impilo enganeni engakazalwa. Uma use-trimester yokuqala noma yesibili, noma uma usuvele uthatha i-NSAID futhi uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze akuthole.

Uma uncelisa, thintana nodokotela wakho wezempilo ukuthola izeluleko zezokwelapha.

Ingabe ama-NSAID alawulwa yizinto?

Cha, ama-NSAID awazona izinto ezilawulwayo.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yama-NSAID

Ukudambisa izinhlungu kwe-NSAID kuvame ukubekezelelwa kahle kepha kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingi, eminye yayo engaba mibi. Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi imiphumela emibi ye-GI (emathunjini) njengobuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, uhudo, igesi, isilungulela, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Isizunguzane futhi siwumphumela ojwayelekile ohlangothini.

Okunye, imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingenzeka. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zezinso noma zesibindi
• Izinkinga ze-GI njengokuphuma kwegazi nezilonda esiswini nasemathunjini
• Amaseli abomvu aphansi
• Isikhumba esisongela impilo noma ukusabela okweqile
• Ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma ezigulini ze-asthma

Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, thola ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubuthakathaka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba
• Inkulumo eshisiwe
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo

Yeka ukuthatha i-NSAID yakho bese ushayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Isicanucanu
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka ngokungavamile
• Ukulunywa, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma amabhamuza anomkhuhlane
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma okumhlophe kwamehlo
• Izimpawu ezinjengezomkhuhlane
• Kuhlanza igazi
• Izitokisi ezimnyama, ezilindile, noma ezinegazi
• Ukuvuvukala kwezingalo / imilenze / izandla / izinyawo

Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwemiphumela emibi. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthola uhlu olugcwele lwemiphumela emibi.

Kubiza malini ama-NSAID?

Ama-NSAID ayindlela ethandwayo phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngoba awasebenzi nje kuphela kepha awabizi futhi. Ungathenga ama-OTC NSAID ngama- $ 5 nangaphezulu, ngokuya ngosayizi wephakheji nokwakheka. Ama-NSAID amandla kadokotela nawo ayonga, ngamanani ahluka ngomkhiqizo, amandla nobungako. Ungahlala usebenzisa i- free Ikhadi le-SingleCare ukonga imali kumuthi kadokotela wakho we-NSAID ngisho namafomu e-OTC anencwadi kadokotela evumelekile.