Ucabanga ngemithi ye-ADHD? Umhlahlandlela wakho ekwelashweni kwe-ADHD yabantu abadala

Imfundo Yezempilo

Wonke umuntu wengeza kancane. Noma kunjalo isisho siyahamba. Uma ngabe uke wakuthola kunzima ukuhlala emsebenzini, noma uqedele amaphrojekthi ngesikhathi, ungahle uzibuze ukuthi lokho kuliqiniso yini. Uma ungatholakali ukuthi unenkinga yokushoda ngokweqile (ADHD noma i-ADD) useyingane, kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi ukuphazanyiswa kweqa kusuka ekucasuleni, kuya uphawu lwenkinga yezempilo. Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD — kanye nokwelashwa ngemithi yabantu abadala ye-ADHD — kubalulekile ukuze uqhubeke usebenza lapho izidingo zomsebenzi noma impilo yakho yangasese iqala ukunqwabelana.

Ngabe i-ADHD ibukeka kanjani kubantu abadala?

I-ADHD akuyona nje inkinga yobuntwana neyokuthomba. Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe ku Ijenali yaseMelika Yezokwelapha , ukwanda kwabantu abadala abane-ADHD emhlabeni jikelele kungamaphesenti ama-5. Ukubheka lokho, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control, ukusabalala komhlaba wonke kwe-Autism Spectrum Disorder kuphakathi kuka-1% kuya ku-2%.

Kodwa iyini ngempela i-ADHD? I- Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuphakama Kwengqondoh kuyichaza njengokuphazamiseka kobuchopho okugxila ekunganakwa, ukungasebenzi kahle, nokungafisi. Kuthinta ukusebenza okuphezulu kobuchopho, okuholela enkingeni ngokungahleleki kahle, inkumbulo, ukuzethemba okuphansi, amandla okugxila, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi, nokunaka imininingwane. Ukungasebenzi kahle kuvame ukubonwa ezinganeni, kepha abantu abadala abazulazula noma abazizwa bengaphumule ngaphakathi nabo bangaba nengxenye engasebenzi kahle.

Njengezinkinga eziningi zengqondo, izimpawu ze-ADHD zikhona ngokuhambisana; emhlabeni wamanje wezokuxhumana nomjikelezo wezindaba wamahora angama-24, wonke umuntu unenkinga ethile yokugxila. UDuane Gordon, umongameli we Inhlangano Yokunakekelwa Kokulahleka Kokunakwa (ADDA), inethiwekhi enkulu yabantu abadala yokuxhasa i-ADHD ezweni, ichaze umehluko. Ingabe kuthinta kabi izinga lempilo yakho ngendlela ongeke wayikhokhela? Uthena. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma ungakwazi ukuqeda incwadi ngoba umatasa kakhulu udlala imidlalo yevidiyo, uGordon uyachaza ukuthi lokho akuyona neze into enkulu. Uma udinga — noma ufuna — ukufunda leyo ncwadi ukuze wenze iphrojekthi emsebenzini futhi akukho mgomo wokugxila noma amasu akhethekile akusizayo, lokho kungaba uphawu lwento enkulu kuneziphazamiso ezijwayelekile. UGordon uchaza i-ADHD njengesimo esingelapheki ongenakulawula.

OKUhlobene : 6 Izinganekwane ze-ADHD nemibono eyiphutha

Ukuhlonza i-ADHD yabantu abadala

Uma usola ukuthi ungaba ne-ADHD, uGordon uncoma kakhulu ukuthi uphishekele ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni kudokotela wezengqondo noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo. Esinye sezizathu ezinkulu zalokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkinga eziningi zemizwelo (kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka, nokuphefumula kokulala) zilingisa izimpawu ze-ADHD.

Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele kumtholampilo ongaphandle kukadokotela womndeni wakho, ngoba cishe abantu abangama-80% abane-ADHD banenkinga yesibili, kusho uRussell Barkley, uprofesa wezokwelapha e-Virginia Treatment Center for Children naseVirginia Commonwealth University Medical Isikhungo.

Yiluphi ukwelashwa kubantu abadala abane-ADHD?

UDkt Russell ungumbhali futhi Ukulawula i-ADHD yabantu abadala futhi Lapho Umuntu Omdala Omthandayo Ene-ADHD . Uthi kunezinyathelo ezinhlanu kunqubo yokwelashwa ye-ADHD ayincomayo kubantu abadala abazama ukuthola ukuthi banaso yini lesi sifo:

• Ukuhlola
• Ezemfundo
• Imithi
• Indawo yokuhlala
• Ukuguqulwa

Ngokusho kuka-ADDA, ekuqokweni kwakho kokuhlola , udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, kanye nezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene zokulinganisa izifo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo imfundo. UDkt. Barkley ufanisa lokhu nesifo sikashukela — kubalulekile ukuba ngumnikazi futhi ufunde ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD ngoba akusuki uma ungayinaki. Isinyathelo sesithathu — imishanguzo ye-ADHD — ibalulekile ngoba ayikho into ephumelela ngaphezu kwemithi ye-ADHD yabantu abadala, ngokusho kukaDkt. Barkley. Uma senza ukuqhathanisa kwekhanda nekhanda, khona-ke umuthi uzoshaya noma yikuphi ukungenelela kwengqondo ngengxenye yesithathu, usho kanjalo.

Yimuphi umuthi wabantu abadala abadala be-ADHD?

Imithi ye-ADHD iwela ezigabeni ezimbili: izikhuthazi nezingavuseleli. Imvamisa, iziguli zinikezwa izikhuthazi ngoba zizonke zithathwa njengezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ama-non-stimulants asetshenziswa njengokwelashwa komugqa wesibili futhi uma kukhona noma yimaphi ama-tics avelele noma ukukhathazeka okukhulu, okuvuselela okungaba kubi kakhulu.

Imithi ekhuthazayo ye-ADHD yabantu abadala

Ngokuqondene nezikhuthazi, uDkt. Barkley uthi, zimbili kuphela futhi sezikhona amashumi eminyaka: ama-amphetamines ne-methylphenidate. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-amphetamine (afana Adderall ) kanye ne-methylphenidate (njenge URitalin ) ahlukaniswa yi-FDA njengezidakamizwa zeSheduli 2, okusho ukuthi zingaba umlutha, lapho zithathwa ngokungafanele, kepha akufanele zibe yinde uma zithathwa njengoba kunqunyiwe. Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, ukungalali, nokulahlekelwa isisindo kungeminye yemiphumela emibi yemithi evuselelayo.

Njengoba uDkt. Barkley asho, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezikhuthazi sezikhona amashumi eminyaka, kodwa yini entsha izindlela zabo zokuletha. Phambilini, izikhuthazi bezinempilo emifushane kakhulu, ebifuna ukuthi iziguli ziphuze umuthi njalo emahoreni ama-3-4 ukugcina ukusebenza kahle. Manje, noma isiphi isikhuthazi se-ADHD esine -XR, -LR, noma -SR ekugcineni kwegama saso sikhomba isikhathi sokukhishwa eseluliwe, okuvumela umuthi ukuthi uhlale isikhathi eside kakhulu egazini lesiguli ngaphandle kokuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu emzimbeni.

Kukhona nomuthi obizwa ngokuthi Ikhonsathi , enesistimu ekhethekile yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa evumela ukuthi i-methylphenidate ikhishwe esikhathini esingamahora ayi-12. Ekugcineni, iDaytrana — nayo equkethe i-methylphenidate — ingagqokwa esikhunjeni nge-patch. Lokhu ngokujwayelekile kuzonikezwa iziguli babhekane nezinselelo ukuthatha umuthi izikhathi eziningi ngosuku.

Imithi engeyona evuselelayo ye-ADHD yabantu abadala

Izidakamizwa ezingezona ezikhuthazayo ezinikezwe i-ADHD zisebenza cishe ngabantu abangama-75%, kusho uDkt. Barkley, kodwa azinamandla noma zisebenza kahle. Umehluko ukuthi le mithi ayiluthisi nhlobo, futhi imvamisa ingcono ezigulini ezinomlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, noma isifo se-tic. Isidakamizwa sokuqala i-atomoxetine, esaziwa nangokuthi IStrattera , kunqunyelwe izingane kanye nabantu abadala, kepha ngokusho kwelebula le-FDA, azaziwa izizathu eziqondile zokusebenza kwawo .

Isigaba sesibili sokungavuseleli kwakuyimithi ene-hypertensive kwasekuqaleni — yomfutho wegazi ophakeme — okwatholakala ukuthi inezinto ezithinta ingqondo. Okubili okutholakalayo kukhona clonidine ( I-Kapvay ) kanye guanfacine ( Intuniv ). UKapvay uvunyelwe kuphela yi-FDA ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD ezinganeni nasebusheni . Ngokufanayo, Intuniv futhi i-FDA ivunyelwe izingane nentsha, kepha zombili izinhlobo zemithi zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwelebula ngabantu abadala ngenhloso efanayo. Le yimithi ekhethwayo yesithathu, kusho uBarkley, ngoba yehlisa umfutho wegazi, okuthi, uma usuvele unengcindezi yegazi ephansi, akuyona into enhle.

Ukwelashwa okuhlukile kwabantu abadala kwe-ADHD

Izindawo zokuhlala zabantu abadala abane-ADHD

Isinyathelo sesine sendlela kaDkt. Barkley yokwelashwa kwe-ADHD yindawo yokuhlala, ayichaza njengokufunda ukuhlela kabusha imvelo ephathekayo okuzungezile-mhlawumbe ngosizo lomqeqeshi we-ADHD - ukuze ungakhubazeki kakhulu ngesimo sakho. Abaqeqeshi be-ADHD baqinisekiswa yi-International Coach Federation futhi I-Professional Association yabaqeqeshi be-ADHD ongasiza ngezinselelo zomsebenzi omkhulu ongabhekana nazo. Ezinye izindlela zokubhekana nazo zifaka:

• Ukuthatha ibhola lokucindezelwa liye emhlanganweni
• Ukwenza isikhala somsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kokuqonda kanye nezindlela ezisuselwa engqondweni
• Ukulala ngokwanele

Ukuqeqeshwa kobuchopho kwabantu abadala abane-ADHD

Isinyathelo sesihlanu, nesokugcina, ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu zakho, mhlawumbe ngohlelo lokuqeqeshwa kobuchopho njengeLumosity, noma ukuzindla okuvamile. UDkt. Barkley ugcizelele ukuthi yize lezi kuyindlela enhle yokwelashwa okufanele ziyilandele, zinezinga lokuphumelela eliphansi kunawo wonke, yingakho zifakwa ohlwini lokugcina.

Ngaphezu kwanoma yini, ungazami ukuxoxisana ngalolu hambo lokuxilongwa kuphela. Ukuthola iqembu elifanele ukukuxhasa, kusuka kubaqeqeshi bezempilo nakwabanye abantu abadala abane-ADHD kuya kwabathandekayo kanye namalungu omndeni, kuzosiza kakhulu ekusizeni uzizwe ungaphansi wedwa futhi ekwenzeni izinqumo ezilungele wena.