Ungazigoma kanjani izingane zakho ekolishi

Imfundo Yezempilo

Ubasizile ukuthi bakhethe ukukhetha kwabo, ukhokhele izifundo zabo zesemester yokuqala, futhi uqinisekise nokuthi bapakisha elinye lalawo ma-caddies amancane asebenzayo: Izingane zakho bezingakwazi ukululungela kangcono usuku lokuqala ekolishi — noma zingakwenza? Ugcine nini ukuhlola amarekhodi abo okugoma?

Njengoba kuvela, unyaka osanda kuqala isikhathi esibucayi sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zakho zikhona kuyo yonke imishanguzo yazo, kusho UKristen Feemster, MD, umqondisi wocwaningo we-Vaccine Education Center e-Children’s Hospital yaseFiladelphia kanye nomqondisi wezokwelapha we-Immunization Programme kanye ne-Acute Communicable Diseases eMnyangweni Wezempilo waseFiladelphia.

Eqinisweni, amakolishi adinga amarekhodi okugoma kubafundi abangenayo.

Kunezici eziningi ezibalulekile zokungena ekolishi ezenza ukuba usesikhathini ngemigomo kubaluleke kakhulu, usho kanje. Kubafundi abaningi, bazohlala endaweni yokuhlangana — kungenzeka ukuthi bahlala ezindlini zokulala noma bahlala efulethini elilodwa. Kungaba khona abafundi abahlela ukuchitha isikhathi esithile phesheya njengengxenye yohlelo lwabo noma kungenzeka bahlanganyele kweminye imisebenzi yomsebenzi, njengezesayensi yezempilo, ezingakhuphula ukubonakala kwabo.

Ungacela ikhophi yerekhodi lokugoma lomfundi wakho ehhovisi likadokotela wabo. Ikhophi ngokuvamile ivame ukubangelwa ihhovisi likababhalisi benyuvesi.

Uhlu lokuhlola lokugoma ekolishi

Imvamisa, kunconywa ukugoma okulandelayo ekolishi:

• Izimungumungwane, izindumbane, ne-rubella (MMR)
• I-Meningococcal
• I-human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Umkhuhlane

Futhi ngenkathi amakolishi amaningi namanyuvesi enesethi yawo yemithi yokugoma edingekayo (okungukuthi, isilinganiso esisodwa noma ezimbili se- isimungumungwane , mumps, and rubella (MMR) kanye nemithamo eyodwa kuya kwemibili ye-meningococcal yiyona evame kakhulu, ngokusho kukaDkt Feemster), akufanele uthembele ohlwini olufushane lwesikole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi bakho bavikeleke ngokuphelele. Nayi imigomo emithathu ebalulekile izingane zakho okufanele zibe nayo ngaphambi kokuya ekolishi:

I-human papillomavirus (HPV)

I-HPV yisifo esihlasela kakhulu ngocansi e-U.S. Empeleni, ngokusho kwe- Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC), abanye baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-79 (iningi labo selineminyaka eyevile kwengu-20 neli-20) banesifo. Futhi ngenkathi i-HPV ivame ukuzicacisa yodwa, ingadala nezinkinga ezithile zempilo. Isizathu esenza sizikhathaze nge-HPV, kusho uDkt Feemster, kungenxa yokuthi kungaholela kumdlavuza-kuyaziwa ukuthi kubanga umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye neminye imidlavuza embalwa yangemuva noma yezitho zangasese. Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV, ngakho-ke, ungomunye kuphela wemithi yokugoma empeleni ukuvimbela umdlavuza. (Noma ingavikeli kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-HPV.)

Uhlelo: Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV (owodwa ojwayeleke kakhulu waziwa ngegama lomkhiqizo IGardasil 9 ) kunemithamo eminingi. Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuphatha umthamo wokuqala eneminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 (ngaphambi kokuba izingane ziqale ukuya ocansini), kulandelwe umthamo wesibili okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha kamuva. Uma ingane yakho ineminyaka engu-15 ubudala noma ngaphezulu lapho ithola umthamo wayo wokuqala, izodinga imithamo emithathu yomuthi wokugoma ngaphambi kokuqala ikolishi, ngohlelo lweziro, izinyanga ezimbili, nezinyanga eziyisithupha, ngokusho kukaDkt Feemster.

I-Meningococcal (meningitis)

I-Meningococcus ibhaktheriya engadala i-meningitis (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla) kanye ne-sepsis. Zombili zingasongela impilo. Lokhu ukutheleleka okungajwayelekile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, kodwa uma kwenzeka, kungabamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kukugulise kakhulu, kusho uDkt Feemster. I-meningitis ingasakazeka ngesikhohlela nangamathe, futhi ngokusho kwe- i-CDC , abafundi basekolishi basengozini ephakeme yokungenwa yilesi sifo, uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga yabo abangafundi ekolishi.

Uhlelo: Omunye umuthi wokugoma wemithamo eminingi, umuthi wokugoma wokuqala we-meningitis uvame ukuphathwa uneminyaka yobudala eyi-11 noma eyi-12, ngomthamo wesibili uneminyaka engu-16. Kodwa-ke, uma umfundi wakho eneminyaka engu-16 noma ngaphezulu lapho edubula okokuqala, badinga eyodwa kuphela, ngokusho kukaDkt Feemster.

Umkhuhlane

I-CDC incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha athole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, futhi, kusho uDkt Feemster, abafundi kufanele bakukhumbule ngokukhethekile ukufaka imikhono yabo nokuthola isibhamu. Ikakhulukazi ekolishi, lapho usondelene kakhulu nabanye abafundi kanye nabangane, ungahle ube nethuba elithe xaxa lokuchayeka, uyachaza. Ukuthola umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yokuvikela jikelele. Ngokuvumelana ne ucwaningo , nokho, kuphela ngamaphesenti angama-46 abafundi basekolishi abathola umuthi wokugoma. (Lelo ibanga le-F le-Flu Shots 101!)

Uhlelo: Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane — ovikela kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezintathu kuya kwezine ezivame kakhulu zegciwane ngenkathi enikeziwe — kufanele unikezwe minyaka yonke. I-FluMist futhi I-Flublok eminye yemithi yokugoma yomkhuhlane enegama lomkhiqizo. I- i-CDC uncoma ukuthi umkhuhlane udutshulwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba ngaphambi kokuphakama kwenkathi yomkhuhlane. (Kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuthi amasosha omzimba akhe futhi avikele umkhuhlane.) Uma umfundi wakho eya ekolishi ngaphambi kokuba itholakale itholakale (imvamisa ngesinye isikhathi ngo-Agasti), bangayithola ekhampasi emisebenzini yezempilo yabafundi. .

Yize i-HPV, i-meningitis, ne-flu shots kubalulekile, uDkt Feemster uncoma ukubheka ukuthi izingane zakho ezifunda ekolishi zikhona yini manje kuyo yonke imigomo evame ukunconywa, ikakhulukazi i-MMR ne-varicella (inkukhu).

Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola uhlu oluphelele lwe-CDC lokugonywa kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu:

• I-human papillomavirus (HPV): amanani ama-2-3 asuselwa ebudaleni bokugoma kokuqala
• I-Meningococcal (MenACWY ne-MenB): ama-1-3 amanani uma esengozini
• I-Influenza (IIV, RIV, noma i-LAIV): umthamo owodwa ngonyaka
• I-Tetanus, i-diphtheria, i-pertussis (i-Tdap noma i-Td): umthamo owodwa we-Tdap, bese kuthi umthamo owodwa we-Td booster njalo eminyakeni eyi-10
• Izimungumungwane, izindumbane, i-rubella (MMR): amanani ama-1-2 uma kusengcupheni
• I-Varicella (VAR): imithamo emi-2 uma izalwe ngo-1980 noma ngemuva kwayo
• I-Pneumococcal (PCV13 ne-PPSV23): amanani we-1-2 uma usengozini
• I-Hepatitis (HepA ne-HepB): Ukweqiwa okungu-2-3 kususelwa kumuthi wokugoma
• Uhlobo lwe-Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib): amanani ama-1-3 uma kusengcupheni