Uyini umphumela wecebo?

Imfundo Yezempilo

Kuzwakala kukude kakhulu, kepha kuyiqiniso. Okucabangayo ngomuthi kuthinta ukuthi uzokusebenzela kanjani. Ngamanye amagama, uma ukholwa ukuthi umuthi kadokotela uzokwenza izimpawu zakho zibe lula kuzokwenza kanjalo-futhi okuphambene nalokho. Uma ukhathazeka ngokuthi uhlelo lokwelashwa luzoba nemiphumela emibi, noma ungenzi lutho ukudambisa izinhlungu zakho, lungaba yisiphrofetho esizigcwalisayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-nocebo effect.

Uyini umphumela wecebo?

Izimpendulo zikaNocebo zenzeka lapho ukulindela kwakho okungekuhle mayelana nokwelashwa kukubangela ukuthi ube nezimpawu ezingezinhle ngokuthatha umuthi. Isibonelo, uma umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ekhuluma ngobuhlungu beqolo njengomcimbi ongahle ube khona, ungahle ube nezinhlungu emuva - noma ngabe uthatha iphilisi likashukela. Noma, uma ufunda i-athikili yokuthi lowo mgomo ungadala kanjani i-migraine, ungathola ikhanda ngemuva kokuwuthatha. Lokhu kusabela kwaziwa njengomphumela wecebo.

Umphumela we-Placebo uqhathaniswa nomphumela we-nocebo

Abantu abaningi bayawazi umphumela we-placebo. Kwenzeka lapho uthola izinzuzo zomuthi ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi kuzoba wusizo noma ngabe lowo muthi awunamthelela. Umphumela we-nocebo yinto ephikisanayo. Imibono engemihle iholela ekwelashweni okungasebenzi, ngisho nemithi enamandla.

I-Placebo isho ukuthi, ngizojabulisa, ngesiLatini. UNocebo kusho ukuthi, ngizolimaza. Zombili izindlela zokucabanga zingaba nomthelela onengqondo emiphumeleni yakho yezempilo.

Usebenza kanjani umphumela wecebo

Njengoba sazi empendweni efundwa kakhulu ye-placebo, amandla esiphakamiso somlomo kuphela angenza ingqondo ikholelwe ukuthi umzimba uhlangabezana nemiphumela emihle (noma kulokhu, engemihle) yezidakamizwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukumane usho leyo miphumela emibi kungakwenza ukholelwe ukuthi uhlangabezana nazo lezo zinkinga ngokomzimba U-Erin Nance, MD , udokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo waseNew York City. Kodwa-ke, odokotela baboshwe yimvume yezokwelapha ukuthi baxoxe ngazo zonke izingcuphe ezingaba khona ezibandakanya ukwelashwa, okusho ukuthi iziguli ngezikhathi ezithile zizotshelwa okuthile okungalungile okuzibangela ukuba bezwe ubuhlungu obuningi nokungasebenzi kahle-okudala inkinga ethile yokuziphatha.

Le miphumela yenzeka ngokwelashwa kwe-inert ngoba okulindelwe umuntu nezimo ezizungeze ukwelashwa, noma 'umcimbi' wokwelashwa, kungaba nemiphumela emibi ebuchosheni bethu, futhi ubuchopho bethu bunemiphumela emikhulu emizimbeni yethu, kuchaza uHarrison Weed, MD, udokotela wezokwelapha wangaphakathi e-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.

Ngokwengeziwe, iziguli ezifunda yonke imiphumela engemihle efakwe kuhlu lwemithi zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zibike ukuthi zihlushwa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yaleyo miphumela emibi, njengeziguli ezikhathazekile ngokujwayelekile, noma ezisaba umthelela ongemuhle ikakhulukazi. Ngisho neziguli ezizwa ukuthi umhlinzeki wazo akazinaki, akanandaba, noma umatasa kakhulu ukuzazi, maningi amathuba okuthi zibike imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.

Ngokombono we-neurobiological, okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo kufana nalokho okwenzekayo uma ucabanga indawo ebonakalayo noma wenza umsebenzi womzimba. Lezo zingxenye zobuchopho bakho ziyakhanya. Ngamagama asebenzayo, ukucabanga ukuthi kukhona okwenzekayo kwanele ukwenza kusebenze lezo zingxenye zobuchopho ezihambisana nalowo mcabango, noma ukukhathazeka, noma ubuhlungu, okuholela ekutheni imiphumela emibi ibonakale iba yiqiniso, kusho udokotela ojwayelekile uGiuseppe Aragona, MD.

Izibonelo zomphumela we-nocebo

Izimpendulo zikaNocebo zingavela ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, ezimeni zansuku zonke zokwenziwa kwemitholampilo, ngisho nasezimweni lapho kungekho muthi obekiwe noma othathwe ngempela. Ukuqonda izindlela ezahlukahlukene okuvezwa umphumela we-nocebo kungasiza iziguli ukuba zikulungele — futhi kukwenze kungabi namathuba amaningi okuthi zenzeke.

Mhlawumbe indawo esobala kakhulu abantu abalindele ukuthi umphumela we-nocebo usekulingweni komtholampilo noma kwezidakamizwa. Abantu abasezivivinyweni zomtholampilo abathola ukwelashwa okungajwayelekile bavame ukubika amazinga aphakeme ezimpawu ezivamile, njengokuqaqanjelwa yikhanda, ukucasuka kwesisu, isiyezi, ukukhathala, noma ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile kunabantu abafanayo abangekho ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, kusho uDkt Weed. Isibonelo, isiguli esivivinyweni sokucwaninga sithola i-placebo somuthi omusha osiza ukwelapha ukuqhekeka kwe-radius distal ngokushesha, futhi sitshelwe eminye yemiphumela emibi ukukhathala. Uma isiguli siqala ukuzwa ukukhathala kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yomphumela we-nocebo, engeza uDkt Nance.

Abantu abathathayo izimiso bavame ukuzwa umphumela wecebo. Mhlawumbe ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi imiphumela emibi yalolu hlobo lwemithi isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezindabeni, abantu bangase babe nokulindela okungalungile. Ingozi yobuhlungu bemisipha ekuthatheni ama-statins ingaphansi kuka-5%. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lwamuva lukhombisa ukuthi cishe iziguli ezingama-30% ziyeke ukwelashwa ngenxa yobuhlungu bemisipha-noma ngabe bebeyingxenye yeqembu elilawulayo kanti ukwelashwa kwabo bekuyi-placebo empeleni.

U-Alex Tauberg, MD, ubona nomphumela we-nocebo ekwenzeni kwakhe i-chiropractic: Ku-X-ray, ubufakazi boshintsho olwenzakalayo kungenzeka bube khona kunoma ngubani ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Ngenxa yokuthi i-osteoarthritis ivame kakhulu, asikwazi ukufuna lokho I-osteoarthritis ebonwa kuma-X-ray iyimbangela yezinhlungu ezisezingeni eliphansi. Eqinisweni, i-osteoarthritis ivamile kubantu abangenabo ubuhlungu noma ukungasebenzi kahle njengoba kunjalo ngabantu abanezinhlungu. Kodwa-ke, lapho sikhombisa le miphumela ye-X-ray ezigulini, kwandisa izinhlungu zabo nokukhubazeka njengoba bekholelwa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wabo, kuchaza uDkt Tauberg.

Izindlela ezi-5 zokuvimbela umphumela wecebo

Akudingeki ukuthi ube yisisulu samathemba akho amabi. Sebenzisa la macebo ukuvikela impendulo ye-nocebo.

1. Xoxani ngezinto ezinhle. Ukwaziswa ngenkathi ukholelwa ukuthi uzothola umphumela omuhle kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwandisa inzuzo emiphumeleni yakho yokwelashwa, kusho uDkt Nance. Uma isiguli sazi ukuthi ukudonswa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa kungaphansi kwe-1%, ukuphinda uvuselele umphumela njengoba iziguli ezingama-99% zinomuzwa ojwayelekile kuzosiza ukukhuthaza umbono omuhle. Noma umhlinzeki wakho engalethi imininingwane ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi uphinde uluvuselele ulwazi ngokwalokho okulindelwe okuhle.
2. Gxila ezinzuzweni. Phinda uqondise ukugxila kwakho ezinzuzweni zemithi noma ekwelashweni kunemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Ukusebenzisa amandla akho ukucabanga ngezinto ezinhle zomuthi kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuthi impendulo ingabi bikho, kusho uDkt. Aragona.
3. Yenza uhlelo. Abahlinzeki bangafundisa iziguli ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona futhi banike iziguli amandla ngohlelo lokubhekana nemiphumela engemihle yokwazisa umhlinzeki, kuchaza uDkt Weed. Ukwazi ukuthi unohlelo olukhona lokubhekana nemiphumela emibi engaba khona kanye nesiteshi esivulekile sokuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka okubanga izinto ze-nocebo.
4. Khombisa ukunakekelwa. Abahlinzeki bangathuthukisa izinqubo namakhono okukhombisa ukunakekela kwabo iziguli zabo, kufaka phakathi ukuchitha isikhathi esanele nabo. Uma kungenzeka, khetha udokotela ozizwa ukuthi uyakukhathalela wena nenhlalakahle yakho nokuthi ngubani futhi ongalalela ukukhathazeka kwakho.
5. Thembeka. Abasebenzi kufanele bazivocavoce ukuvumelana okunolwazi okuqukethwe , okucabangela imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, isiguli eselashwa, kanye nokuxilongwa okuthile okuthintekayo, ngokusho kukaTed J. Kaptchuk, BA, uprofesa wezokwelapha eHarvard Isikole Sezokwelapha.

Uma unokukhathazeka okuthile noma ukwesaba mayelana nemiphumela emibi engaba khona, thembeka kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma usokhemisi. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bangachaza ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kwenzeke . Ukwazi ubungozi bakho kuncane, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uhlangabezana nayo, kungasiza ekulweni nomphumela we-nocebo. Lapho konke okunye kwehluleka, cabanga ngemicabango emihle.