Izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile zisanda kutholakala ngo-2019

Imininingwane Yezidakamizwa

Singabalandeli bemithi ejwayelekile kwaSingleCare. Yimithi engabizi kakhulu, futhi amanani aphansi asho ukuthi abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukukhokhela izidakamizwa abazidingayo ukuze bazizwe bengcono. Imithi engamashumi amane itholakale njengemithi ejwayelekile ngo-2019 — okusho ukuthi ukunamathela emithini ethe xaxa kanye nokonga okuningi kuwe. Lapha, sibheka ukuthi yimiphi imishanguzo emisha ejwayelekile nokuthi iqhathaniswa kanjani nozakwabo begama lomkhiqizo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezijwayelekile nezegama?

Izidakamizwa zomkhiqizo wegama ziyimikhiqizo emakethwa futhi ithengiswe yinkampani eyakha lo muthi, kuchaza uJanet Fritsch, Pharm.D., Usokhemisi nomnikazi we Ikhemisi lasekhaya lase-Corner Drug eBaraboo, eWisconsin. Uqhubeka echaza ukuthi inkampani eyenza imithi ivunyelwe ukuthengisa lo muthi kuphela uma inelungelo lobunikazi. Lapho ilungelo lobunikazi seliphelelwe yisikhathi, ezinye izinkampani zikhululekile ukuthengisa uhlobo lwazo lomuthi ngezithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abakwa-generic bangena khona. Imithi ejwayelekile yokuqala ukuvunywa kwenguqulo ejwayelekile eyenziwe yi-FDA. Imithi ejwayelekile egunyaziwe imakethwa yizinkampani ezinamagama, kodwa ngamanani ejwayelekile.

Kaningi ungaqaphela ama-generics ngamagama awo. Ngenkathi umuthi wegama lomkhiqizo uthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama eyanikezwa yinkampani eyenza imithi (okuvame ukuba lula ukubizwa futhi kuthengiswe), abakwa-generics babizwa ngegama lezithako (i) izithako zabo ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, i-aspirin / dipyridamole yizithako ezisebenzayo ku- I-Aggrenox , umuthi ovimbela ukujiya kwegazi ngokweqile futhi unciphise ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Ngakho-ke lapho i-Aggrenox ithengiswa njenge-generic, ibizwa ngokuthi i-aspirin / dipyridamole.

Ngaphandle kwegama, awukho umehluko omkhulu. Imithi ejwayelekile kanye negama lomkhiqizo inezithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo futhi isebenza ngokufanayo, ukuhlinzeka ngenzuzo efanayo yomtholampilo, kepha umuthi ojwayelekile awubizi kakhulu, kusho uLaurie Bond, CRNP, ongumhlengikazi Guqula Ukunakekelwa Okuyinhloko Okuqondile e-Annapolis, eMaryland.

Ngokusho kukaDkt Fritsch, abakhiqizi abajwayelekile kumele bakhombise i-FDA ukuthi bayalingana negama lomuthi wezidakamizwa.

Kungani ama-generic abiza ngaphansi kwezidakamizwa ezinegama lomkhiqizo?

Uma izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile nezegama ziyisithako esifanayo-esihlakaniphile, kungani ama-generic abiza kakhulu? Lapho ilungelo lobunikazi lomuthi seliphelile, izinkampani ezikhiqiza uhlobo olujwayelekile lomuthi ziyakwazi ukuwuthengisa ngengxenyana yentengo yegama lomuthi igama.

Imithi ejwayelekile ayibizi kakhulu ngoba umenzi bekungafanele aye ezindlekweni ezinkulu zokuqala ukuthuthukisa nokuthengisa umuthi, kusho uBond. Lapho ilungelo lobunikazi seliphelile, umuthi ungakhiqizwa ngezindleko eziphansi.

UDkt Fritsch uthi amanani aphansi kuma-generic nawo ahlobene nenani elikhulu lezinkampani manje ezikhiqiza lo muthi. Lapho nje ezinye izinkampani sezingakwazi, intengo ivamise ukwehla ngoba kunokuncintisana okuningi, uyachaza.

Yimiphi imishanguzo emisha ejwayelekile etholakale ngo-2019?

I- Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-U.S (FDA) igunyaza ama-generics amasha minyaka yonke. Kwesinye isikhathi ayatholakala emakhemisi ngemuva kokuvunywa. Kwezinye izikhathi, kukhona igebe phakathi kokuvunywa nokuthi umuthi utholakalaphi ukuthi uthengiswe. Kwesinye isikhathi umuthi usuvele unohlobo olujwayelekile, kepha i-FDA igunyaza umenzi owengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuncintisana okwanele ukugcina amanani entengo ephansi. Yonke imithi ejwayelekile eza emakethe kumele iqale ivunyelwe yi-FDA.

Nalu uhlu lwemithi efike emakethe njenge-generic kulo nyaka, ngokulandelana kwayo efika emakhemisi, ilandelwa izincazelo zomuthi ngamunye ojwayelekile.

Igama elijwayelekile	I gama le-brand	Isimo	Usuku lokuvunyelwa olujwayelekile lwe-FDA	Idethi yemakethe
I-Pentamidine isethionate yesisombululo se-inhalation, i-300 mg / isitsha	I-NebuPent Powder yesisombululo se-inhalation	Ukuvimbela i-Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) ezigulini ezisengozini enkulu ene-HIV	04/24/2019	10/14/2019
Isixazululo somlomo seDigoxin USP, 0.05 mg / mL	Isixazululo Somlomo Se-Digoxin	I-Atrial fibrillation nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo	04/10/2019	04/10/2019
I-Fosaprepitant yomjovo, 115 mg	Hlela	Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali	05/09/2019	05/09/2019
Amathebulethi kaNabumetone USP, 500 mg, 750 mg, no-1,000 mg	Relafen	I-osteoarthritis nesifo samathambo	08/30/2019	04/09/2019
Amaphilisi wokukhishwa okubambezeleke we-Posaconazole, 100 mg	I-Noxafil	Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezifo ezifweni ezisengozini enkulu	08/21/2019	03/09/2019
Ikhithi yokulungiselela i-technetium Tc99m mertiatide, 1 mg / vial	I-Technescan MAG3	Ukuxilongwa kokungajwayelekile, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nokuvinjelwa komgudu womchamo	12/07/2019	02/09/2019
Amaphilisi e-morphine sulfate,15 mg no-30 mg	Amaphilisi e-morphine sulfate	Ubuhlungu obunzima nobunzima obungapheli	07/22/2019	08/27/2019
Amaphilisi we-Triamterene USP 50 mg, 100 mg	UDyrén	I-Edema	08/19/2019	08/21/2019
Ukhilimu we-Halcinonide USP, 0.1%	okuxekethile	Izimo zesikhumba ezivuthayo	12/08/2019	08/15/2019
Isixazululo se-Dapiprazole hydrochloride ophthalmic, 0.5%	Rev-Amehlo	I-Mydriasis ekhiqizwa yi-adrenergic (phenylephrine) noma ama-parasympatholytic (tropicamide) agents	05/29/2019	07/31/2019
Amaphilisi ePregabalin 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 300 mg	ILyrica	Ubuhlungu bemizwa, i-fibromyalgia, ukuquleka	07/19/2019	07/22/2019
I-Daptomycin yomjovo, i-350 mg / vial (50 mg / mL)	Cubicin	Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba negazi	12/07/2019	07/16/2019
Umjovo we-Icatibant, 30 mg / 3 mL (10 mg / mL)	I-Firazyr	Ukuhlaselwa okunamandla kwe-angioedema yefa	07/15/2019	07/15/2019
Amaphilisi e-Febuxostat, 40 mg no-80 mg	I-Uloric	I-Hyperuricemia ezigulini ezine-gout	01/07/2019	05/07/2019
Umjovo weCarboprost tromethamine USP,250 mcg / mL (1 ml) i-Vial yomthamo owodwa	I-Hemabate	Kukhipha isisu phakathi kwe-13thfuthi 20thamasonto okukhulelwa	02/07/2019	03/07/2019
Ijeli ye-Dapsone, 7.5%	I-Aczone	Izinduna	06/26/2019	06/26/2019
I-Sildenafil yokumiswa ngomlomo, i-10 mg / mL	Ukuvuselelwa	Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wegazi	05/31/2019	05/31/2019
Ama-capsules akhiphe ukubambezeleka okukhipha iMesalamine, 400 mg	I-Delzicol	I-ulcerative colitis	09/05/2019	09/05/2019
I-Penicillamine capsules USP, 250 mg	Inkomishi	Isifo sikaWilson, i-cystinuria, nesifo samathambo esibi	07/05/2019	07/05/2019
Umjovo we-Fentanyl citrate USP, 50 mcg (base) / 1 mL, 100 mcg (base) / 2 mL (50 mcg / mL), 250 mcg (base) / 5 mL (50 mcg / mL), 1,000 mcg (base) / 20 mL (50 mcg / mL), no-2,500 mcg (isisekelo) / 50 mL (50 mcg / mL) izitsha ezinezinga elilodwa	Umjovo we-Fentanyl citrate, noma i-Sublimaze	Ukuphumula kobuhlungu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, phakathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa	03/05/2019	03/05/2019
Amaphilisi eMifepristone, 200 mg	I-Mifeprex	Ukuqedwa kwezokwelapha kokukhulelwa kwe-intrauterine ngezinsuku ezingama-70 zokukhulelwa	11/04/2019	01/05/2019
Amaphilisi e-Ambrisentan, 5 mg, 10 mg	Letairis	Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wegazi	03/28/2019	04/29/2019
Amaphilisi e-Bosentan, 62.5 mg, 125 mg	I-Tracleer	Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wegazi	04/26/2019	04/26/2019
I-Valrubicin intravesical solution USP, 200 mg / 5 mL (40 mg / mL) emigqonyeni eyodwa yomthamo	I-Valstar	Umdlavuza wesinye	04/19/2019	04/23/2019
I-Solifenacin	Vesicare	Isinye esisebenza ngokweqile	02/04/2019	04/22/2019
I-Amoxicillin ne-clavulanate potassium yokumiswa ngomlomo i-USP, 125 mg / 31.25 mg nge-5 mL, 250 mg / 62.5 mg nge-5 mL	I-Augmentin	Izifo zokuphefumula, i-sinusitis, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba, ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, kanye nokutheleleka komchamo	04/19/2019	04/19/2019
Ukumiswa kweLotheprednol etabonate ophthalmic, 0.5%	I-Lotemax	Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa noma ukutheleleka	04/17/2019	04/18/2019
I-gel Naftifine hydrochloride, 1%	UNafthini	Ukutheleleka kwezifo ezikhukhulayo	03/20/2019	03/20/2019
Valsartan	UDiovan	Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo	12/03/2019	12/03/2019
I-Pyridostigmine bromide syrup, 60mg / 5mL	Isiraphu iMestinon	Ukwenza ngcono amandla emisipha ezigulini ezine-myasthenia gravis	03/08/2019	11/03/2019
Umjovo we-Fulvestrant, 250 mg / 5 mL (50 mg / mL)	Faslodex	Umdlavuza webele	04/03/2019	04/03/2019
Amaphilisi e-Aliskiren,150 mg, 300 mg	I-Tekturna	Umfutho wegazi ophakeme	03/22/2019	04/03/2019
Isixazululo se-Levofloxacin ophthalmic, 1.5%	Isixazululo se-Iquix ophthalmic	Izilonda ze-Corneal	02/27/2019	01/03/2019
Amaphilisi e-Deferiprone, 500 mg	Ferriprox	Ukugcwala kwensimbi ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi kweziguli ze-thalassemia	02/08/2019	02/08/2019
Amaphilisi e-Sevelamer hydrochloride, 400 mg, 800 mg	URenagel	Ukulawulwa kwe-phosphorus ezigulini ezinesifo esingapheliyo sezinso	02/08/2019	02/08/2019
Amaphilisi eVigabatrin USP, 500 mg	Sabril	Ukuquleka	01/14/2019	06/02/2019
Ukhilimu we-Acyclovir, 5%	Ukhilimu we-Zovirax	Izilonda ezibandayo	04/02/2019	06/02/2019
Amaphilisi we-Levomilnacipran anwetshiwe, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg	Fetzima	Ukucindezeleka okukhulu	04/02/2019	04/02/2019
I-Wixela inhub (i-fluticasone propionate ne-salmeterol inhalation powder, i-USP) 100mcg / 50mcg, 250mcg / 50mcg, 500mcg / 50mcg	I-Advair Diskus	Isifo Somoya Ne-COPD	01/30/2019	01/31/2019
Isixazululo somlomo seSirolimus, 1 mg / mL	I-Rapamune	Ivimbela ukwenqatshwa komzimba kwiziguli zokufakelwa kwezinso	01/28/2019	01/28/2019

1. I-Pentamidine isethionate yesisombululo se-inhalation

Igama lomkhiqizo: I-NebuPent powder yesisombululo se-inhalation

Isebenza kanjani: Lo muthi uvimbela inyumoniya (izifo ezithinta amaphaphu) kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ngenxa yesimo sezempilo esinjenge-HIV, noma abantu abathatha imishanguzo ecindezela amasosha omzimba.

2. Isixazululo somlomo seDigoxin USP

Igama lomkhiqizo: Isixazululo somlomo seDigoxin

Isebenza kanjani: IDigoxin ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa nge-cardiac glycosides. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-atrial fibrillation nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

3. I-Fosaprepitant yomjovo

Igama lomkhiqizo: Emend

Isebenza kanjani: I-Fosaprepitant umuthi osiza ukuvimbela isicanucanu nokuhlanza ezigulini ezelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Phambilini ibitholakala njengokujwayelekile kwifomu lethebulethi. Le nguqulo entsha ejwayelekile iyajova.

4. Izibhebhe zeNabumetone USP

Igama lomkhiqizo: Relafen

Isebenza kanjani: Amaphilisi e-Nabumetone angaphansi kwesigaba semithi esibizwa ngama-NSAID (izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezingezona-steroidal). Zelapha ubuhlungu nokuqina okubangelwa i-osteoarthritis ne-rheumatoid arthritis. Lesi sidakamizwa besilokhu sitholakala njengesijwayelekile iminyaka. Lokhu kugunyazwa kuyisibonelo sokungenisa umkhiqizi ojwayelekile ojwayelekile. Yize i-FDA ivume isicelo se-genics sika-500 mg, 750 mg, kanye namathebulethi angu-1,000 mg, okwamanje atholakala kuphela emakethe ngamaphilisi angama-500 mg kanye nama-750 mg.

5. Amaphilisi okukhishwa okubambezelekile ePosaconazole

I gama le-brand: I-Noxafil

Isebenza kanjani: Okujwayelekile posaconazole kunqunyelwe ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwefungal kubantu abangenakunyakaziswa ngamandla, njengabantu abelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Itholakala kumaphilisi wokukhishwa okulibazisekile we-100 mg.

6. Ikhithi yokulungiselela i-technetium Tc99m mertiatide, 1 mg / vial

I gama le-brand:I-Technescan MAG3

Isebenza kanjani: Lena i-radiopharmaceutical esetshenziselwa izithombe ukusho uma izitho ezithile emzimbeni wakho zisebenza kahle.

7. Amaphilisi e-morphine sulfate

Igama lomkhiqizo: Amaphilisi e-Morphine sulfate

Isebenza kanjani: Amaphilisi e-morphine sulfate Kunqunyelwe ukwelapha ubuhlungu obunzima futhi obungapheli. Ngoba iyi-opioid enamandla okungezelela, iziguli kumele ziqale zibonise ukuthi azikwazi ukulawula ubuhlungu bazo neminye imithi.

8. Amaphilisi we-Triamterene

I gama le-brand: UDyrén

Isebenza kanjani: Odokotela banikeza i-triamterene ukwelapha i-edema ehambisana nezimbangela eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okucinanayo, ukuqina kwesibindi, i-nephrotic syndrome, nezinye izimo.

9. Ukhilimu we-Halcinonide USP

Igama lomkhiqizo: Halog

Isebenza kanjani: Odokotela banquma le steroid yama-topical ukwelapha ukuvuvukala nokushaywa okubangelwa yizimo eziningi zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema, i-psoriasis, kanye ne-allergen reaction.

10. IDapiprazole

Igama lomkhiqizo: Rev-Eyes

Isebenza kanjani: Lawa maconsi wamehlo anqunyelwe ukwelapha isimo esibizwa nge-myatriasis eyenziwe iatrogenically, engenzeka lapho isiguli sithatha izidakamizwa ze-phenylephrine noma i-tropicamide.

11. IPregabalin

I gama le-brand: ILyrica

Isebenza kanjani: Lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu bezinzwa kusuka ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, izimpawu ze-fibromyalgia, nokusiza ukuvimbela ukubanjwa okuthile.

12. I-Daptomycin yomjovo

I gama le-brand: Cubicin

Isebenza kanjani: Lo muthi welapha izifo zesikhumba nezegazi kubantu abadala. Phambilini bekuvunyelwe yiUFresenius Kabi. Kulo nyaka, i-Accord Healthcare ithole imvume.

13. Umjovo we-Icatibant

I gama le-brand: I-Firazyr

Isebenza kanjani: Umjovo we-Icatibant uphatha ukuhlaselwa okunamandla kwe-angioedema yefa (HAE). Ingasetshenziswa kuphela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu.

14. Amaphilisi e-Febuxostat

I gama le-brand: I-Uloric

Isebenza kanjani: Odokotela babeka i-febuxostat ukusiza ukuphatha i-hyperuricemia (i-uric acid ephezulu egazini) engahle yenzeke ezigulini ezine-gout. Lesi sidakamizwa singabekwa kuphela kubantu abadala.

15. Umjovo weCarboprost tromethamine

Igama lomkhiqizo: Hemabate

Isebenza kanjani: I-Carboprost tromethamine isidakamizwa esisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukukhulelwa phakathi kwe-13thfuthi 20thisonto. Kuyakhonjiswa nokwelashwa kokopha kwangemva kokubeletha ngenxa ye-atony yesibeletho (isimo esisongela impilo esingenzeka ngemuva kokubeletha) esingaphendulanga ezindleleni ezijwayelekile zokuphatha.

16. Ijeli le-Dapsone

Igama lomkhiqizo: Aczone

Isebenza kanjani: I-Dapsone iyi-gel engasetshenziswa ngokwezihloko ukwelapha induna vulgaris. Ingasetshenziswa kuphela yiziguli ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu.

17. I-Sildenafil yokumiswa ngomlomo, i-10 mg / mL

I gama le-brand: Ukuvuselelwa

Isebenza kanjani: Leli fomu le-sildenafil ukumiswa ngomlomo, okusho ukuthi ulithatha njengoketshezi. Iphatha izinhlobo ezithile ze-pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) kubantu abadala ukwenza ngcono ikhono lokuzivocavoca umzimba nokugcina isimo singabi sibi kakhulu.

18. UMesalamine amaphilisi okukhipha okubambezelekile

I gama le-brand: I-Delzicol

Isebenza kanjani: I-Mesalamine isiza ekwelapheni nasekuphatheni i-ulcerative colitis ezigulini ezinhlanu nangaphezulu.

19. Amaphilisi we-penicillamine

Igama lomkhiqizo: Cuprimine

Isebenza kanjani: Lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka okuningana, kufaka phakathi isifo sikaWilson kanye ne-cystinuria. Kungabekwa futhi ezigulini ezinesifo samathambo esibi, esisebenzayo esihlulekile ukuphendula esivivinyweni esanele sokwelashwa okuvamile.

20. Umjovo we-Fentanyl citrate USP

Igama lomkhiqizo: Umjovo we-Fentanyl citrate USP, Sublimaze

Isebenza kanjani: Le yi-ejenti enamandla kakhulu yokusiza ubuhlungu be-narcotic esetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, phakathi ne-anesthesia, nangesikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

21. Amaphilisi e-Mifepristone

Igama lomkhiqizo: Mifeprex

Isebenza kanjani: Lo muthi uyasetshenziswa (ngokuhlanganiswa nomunye umuthi obizwa nge-misoprostol) we ukukhishwa kwezisu ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-70 zokukhulelwa . Kuvimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone progesterone, okudingekayo ukugcina ukukhulelwa okunempilo, kumama okhulelwe.

22. Amaphilisi e-Ambrisentan

Igama lomkhiqizo: Letairis

Isebenza kanjani: I-Ambrisentan inqunyelwe ukuphatha i-PAH (uhlobo lomfutho wegazi ophakeme ohilela uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla senhliziyo nemithambo ehambisa igazi emaphashini). Kungathuthukisa ikhono leziguli lokuzivocavoca nokugcina i-PAH ingabi kubi.

23. Amaphilisi e-Bosentan

Igama lomkhiqizo: Tracleer

Isebenza kanjani: Lo muthi uphatha i-PAH futhi ungabekelwa abantu abadala nezingane okungenani ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala.

24. Isixazululo se-Valpubicin intravesical USP

I gama le-brand: I-Valstar

Isebenza kanjani: Odokotela banikeza i-chemotherapy drug valrubicin intravesical (ifakwa esinyeni ngesixazululo se-catheter) ukwelapha uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wesinye obizwa nge-carcinoma in situ. Kunqunywa kuphela uma isiguli singakwazi ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe konke noma ingxenye yesinye. Kodwa-ke, kusebenza kuphela kwesinye seziguli ezinhlanu. Imvamisa isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana namanye amakhemikhali.

25. ISolifenacin

I gama le-brand: Vesicare

Isebenza kanjani: Odokotela babeka i-solifenacin ukwelapha isinye esisebenza ngokweqile. Lo muthi ekuqaleni wawenziwe ngefomu lomkhiqizo ngu-Astellas Pharma, inkampani yaseJapan. Kulo nyaka, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Alembic Pharmaceuticals, kanye neGlenmark Pharmaceuticals bonke bamemezele Ukwethulwa kwe-U.S. Kwamaphilisi e-solifenacin succinate , ejwayelekile ye-Vesicare.

26. I-Amoxicillin ne-clavulanate potassium yokumiswa ngomlomo kwe-USP

Igama lomkhiqizo: Augmentin

Isebenza kanjani: Le ngenye yama-antibiotic ajwayelekile atholakalayo, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula, ukutheleleka nge-sinus, ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba, kanye nokutheleleka komchamo. Uhlobo olujwayelekile luvunyiwe ngaphambilini. Kulo nyaka, i-Aurobindo Pharma Limited ithole imvume ngohlobo lomuthi.

27. Loteprednol etabonate

I gama le-brand: I-Lotemax

Isebenza kanjani: ILoteprednol etabonate yehla ngeso le-corticosteroid. Kunqunyelwe ukwelapha ukuvuvukala kwamehlo okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa, izifo ezithile, ukungezwani komzimba nezinye izimo.

28. I-Naftifine hydrochloride

Igama lomkhiqizo: Naftin

Isebenza kanjani: INaftifine iza ifomu lejeli. Kungumuthi we-antifungal osetshenziswe esikhumbeni ukwelapha unyawo lomsubathi, i-jock itch, i-ringworm, nezinye izifo zesikhumba sefungal.

29. UValsartan

I gama le-brand: UDiovan

Isebenza kanjani: IValsartan yisidakamizwa esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okucinana. Iphinde isetshenziswe ezigulini ezithile ukunciphisa ukufa kwabantu ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Phambilini yayikhishwa njengomuthi ojwayelekile ngo-2016. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA yakhipha phambilini ikhumbula umuthi ojwayelekile ovela kubakhiqizi abaningana kusukela ehlobo eledlule ngenxa yokungcola ngekhemikhali eliyingozi (ukungcola kwe-nitrosamine, i-NDMA). Lokhu kwaholela ekushodeni ezweni lonke. Ukunciphisa ukushoda, i- I-FDA ivume uhlobo olusha olujwayelekile lwe-valsartan ngoMashi walonyaka.

30. I-Pyridostigmine isiraphu ye-bromide

I gama le-brand: Mestinon isiraphu

Isebenza kanjani: Lesi sidakamizwa sithuthukisa amandla emisipha ezigulini ezinesifo semisipha esibizwa ngokuthi i-myasthenia gravis.

31. Umjovo we-Fulvestrant

Igama lomkhiqizo: Faslodex

Isebenza kanjani: Umjovo we-Fulvestrant, lapho uphathwa wedwa, ungaphatha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini abangakaze bathole ukwelashwa kwe-endocrine. Kwesinye isikhathi ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe nomunye umuthi womdlavuza webele othuthukile noma we-metastatic kwabesifazane abanesifo esiqhubeka nokukhula ngemuva kokwelapha i-endocrine.

32. I-Aliskiren

Igama lomkhiqizo: Tekturna

Isebenza kanjani: I-Aliskiren iyi-renin inhibitor, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Isebenza ngokunciphisa i-renin emzimbeni wakho. URenin unciphisa imithambo yegazi futhi akhuphule umfutho wegazi.

33. Isixazululo se-ophofalmic se-Levofloxacin

Igama lomkhiqizo: Isixazululo se-Iquix ophthalmic

Isebenza kanjani: Isixazululo se-ophofalmic se-Levofloxacin welapha i-corneal ulcer ebangelwa igciwane elithile.

34. Amaphilisi e-Deferiprone

Igama lomkhiqizo: Ferriprox

Isebenza kanjani: I-Deferiprone iyingxenye yesigaba semithi ebizwa nge-iron chelators. Isebenza ngokuzinamathisela ku-ayina emzimbeni wakho bese isiza umzimba wakho ukukhipha insimbi eyengeziwe emchameni wakho. Lo muthi unikezwa abantu abanesifo esithile segazi okuthiwa yi-thalassemia. Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu abane-thalassemia bane-iron eningi kakhulu emizimbeni yabo ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi njalo. (Ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyadingeka kubantu abanenkinga yegazi, kodwa futhi kuletha insimbi eyengeziwe emzimbeni.) Kubalulekile ukukhipha i-ayina eyengeziwe ngoba amazinga aphezulu ensimbi angadala izinkinga zempilo, njengesifo sesibindi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nesifo sikashukela.

35. Amaphilisi e-Sevelamer hydrochloride

Igama lomkhiqizo: Renagel

Kusebenza kanjani: Odokotela banikeza i-sevelamer ukulawula amazinga e-phosphorus egazini ezigulini ezinesifo esingapheliyo sezinso (CKD) esise-dialysis. Ukuphepha kwalesi sidakamizwa kubantu abane-CKD abangekho ku-dialysis akukaze kufundwe.

36. Amaphilisi eVigabatrin

Igama lomkhiqizo: Sabril

Isebenza kanjani: IVigabatrin isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuquleka okuyinkimbinkimbi okuyingxenye (CPS) ezigulini ezineminyaka engu-10 nangaphezulu ezingaphendulanga ngokwanele kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukile.

37. I-Acyclovir ukhilimu

I gama le-brand: Zovirax ukhilimu

Isebenza kanjani: Lokhu umuthi ojwayelekile isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda ezibandayo eziphindaphindayo. Kungabekelwa kuphela abantu abadala kanye nentsha abaneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu abangenayo i-immune system engafanele.

38. Ama-capsule akhishwe isikhathi eside e-Levomilnacipran

Igama lomkhiqizo: Fetzima

Isebenza kanjani: ILevomilnacipran ingeyesigaba sezidakamizwa esibizwa nge-serotonin ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Lokho kusho ukuthi kwandisa inani le-neurotransmitters serotonin ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni ukuze kusize ukukhulisa imizwa emihle nokunciphisa imizwa yokudabuka nokudangala. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-Major Depression Disorder.

39. Uyayixoxa indaba

I gama le-brand: I-Advair Diskus

Isebenza kanjani: Lesi sidakamizwa, okuyi hit emakethe njengoba ejwayelekile ngoJanuwari walo nyaka, kwenzelwa ukwelashwa kwesifuba somoya nesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (COPD).

40. Isixazululo somlomo sikaSirolimus

Igama lomkhiqizo: Rapamune

Isebenza kanjani: Lo muthi usiza ukuvimbela ukwaliwa komzimba ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwezinso.

I-SingleCare iyakujabulela ukunikeza amakhasimende ethu okuningi imithi ejwayelekile ngentengo ehlisiwe. Yindlela eyodwa nje yokusiza ukongela imali kumuthi kadokotela.