Main >> Imininingwane Yezidakamizwa >> Uhlu lwe-ACE inhibitors: Ukusetshenziswa, izinhlobo ezivamile nolwazi lokuphepha

Uhlu lwe-ACE inhibitors: Ukusetshenziswa, izinhlobo ezivamile nolwazi lokuphepha

Imininingwane Yezidakamizwa

I-Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors isigaba semithi ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukwengamela ukucindezelwa kwegazi kubalulekile ekuvikeleni isifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sezinso, phakathi kwezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Ukuxilongwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu kungabonakala kunzima, ikakhulukazi ngoba umfutho wegazi ophezulu akuvamisile ukukhombisa noma yiziphi izimpawu. Ungahle ungazi ukuthi une-hypertension uze uvakashele umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Cishe isigamu sabantu abadala e-U.S. banengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, kunemithi eminingi etholakalayo yokuyilawula. Isigaba sezidakamizwa se-ACE siyindlela eyodwa yokwelashwa.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-ACE inhibitors, ukusetshenziswa kwawo, kanye nemiphumela yawo emibi.

Uhlu lwe-ACE inhibitors
Igama lomkhiqizo (igama elejwayelekile)	Intengo yemali emaphakathi	Ukonga kwe-SingleCare	Funda kabanzi
I-Aceon (perindopril)	$ 76 per 30, 4 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-perindopril	Imininingwane ye-Perindopril
I-Capoten (captopril)	$ 55 per 30, 25 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni we-captopril	Imininingwane yeCaptopril
I-Prinivil, Zestril (lisinopril)	$ 133 per 30, 10 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-lisinopril	Imininingwane yeLisinopril
I-Vasotec (enalapril)	$ 69 per 30, 10 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-enalapril	Imininingwane ye-Enalapril
I-Lotensin (benazepril)	$ 37 per 30, 10 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-benazepril	Imininingwane yeBenazepril
I-Mavik (trandolapril)	$ 52 per 30, 4 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-trandolapril	Imininingwane yeTrandolapril
I-Monopril (fosinopril)	$ 42 per 30, 20 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-fosinopril	Imininingwane ye-Fosinopril
I-Altace (ramipril)	$ 59 per 30, 10 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-ramipril	Imininingwane kaRamipril
I-Accupril (quinapril)	$ 58 per 30, 40 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni e-quinapril	Imininingwane yeQuinapril
I-Univasc (moexipril)	$ 65 per 30, 15 mg amaphilisi	Thola amakhuphoni we-moexipril	Imininingwane ye-Moexipril

Yini ama-ACE inhibitors?

I-ACE inhibitors isigaba semithi eyehlisa umfutho wegazi ngemithambo ephumuzayo nemithambo yegazi. Le mithi imisa ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ebizwa nge-angiotensin II. Le hormone ibhekele ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi yakho, engakhuphula umfutho wegazi. Ngokuthambisa imithambo yegazi nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi, ama-ACE inhibitors angasiza ekwandiseni ukugeleza kwegazi futhi anciphise umthwalo enhliziyweni. Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa labo abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, isifo sikashukela, nezinye izimo ezithinteka emithanjeni yegazi nasekugelezeni kwegazi.

Ngabe i-ACE inhibitors isebenza kanjani?

Ama-ACE inhibitors avimba i-enzyme eguqula i-angiotensin, eguqula i-angiotensin I ibe yi-angiotensin II. I-Angiotensin II iyi-hormone enamandla eyenza ukuthi imisipha ebushelelezi ezungeze imithambo yegazi ingene, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwemithambo yegazi nokukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi.

Lapho ama-ACE inhibitors evimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-angiotensin II, imithambo yegazi ingakhula ivumele igazi ligeleze ngokukhululeka. Ukwelashwa ngama-ACE inhibitors kungakhuthaza ukuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi, kunciphise ukulimala kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni nasezinsweni. Ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi nakho kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo futhi kunciphise ukukhula kwesifo sezinso esibangelwa yisifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ngabe ama-ACE inhibitors asetshenziselwa ini?

Ama-ACE inhibitors asetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kepha futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

Isifo semithambo yegazi
Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
Isifo sikashukela
Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
I-Scleroderma
Migraines

Kulabo abanokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma isifo sezinso esingalapheki, ama-ACE inhibitors athathwa njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi noma ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga. Ama-ACE inhibitors nawo anomphumela wokuvikela inhliziyo ozimele emandleni abo okwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Ngamanye amagama, le mithi ingasiza ukuvikela inhliziyo ekulimaleni okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo senhliziyo.

I-ACE inhibitors ingahlanganiswa neminye imithi efana ne- isisu noma izivimbeli zesiteshi se-calcium.

Ngubani ongathatha ama-ACE inhibitors?

Abantu abadala

Ama-ACE inhibitors ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abadala. I-ACE inhibitor iyindlela yokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala nabangewona ama-American aseMelika. I-ACE inhibitors ivame ukuba okungasebenzi kahle kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika. Abantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela bangabekwa futhi i-ACE inhibitor ukunciphisa ubungozi be-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, noma isifo sezinso esiqala kulabo abanesifo sikashukela.

Izingane

Ama-ACE inhibitors angasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezinganeni. Futhi kungumuthi okhethwayo ezinganeni ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona zezinso noma isifo sikashukela. Izingane zokhokho base-Afrika zingadinga umthamo ophakeme wokuqala. Ama-ACE inhibitors amaningana, njengoLotensin noPrimvil, aphephile ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 ubudala nangaphezulu; kodwa-ke, amafomula ambalwa nawo aphephile ezinganeni ezincane. Isibonelo, iCapoten inganikezwa izinsana, kanti iVasotec inganikezwa izingane ezinenyanga eyodwa nangaphezulu.

Abadala

Abantu abadala asebekhulile bangathatha i-ACE inhibitors ngokuphepha kepha bangadinga umthamo omncane kunabantu abadala abasebasha. Imithamo yokuqala ingase ibe ngaphansi futhi ikhuphuke kancane kancane phezulu ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo.

Ngabe i-ACE inhibitors iphephile?

Ngokuvamile, ama-ACE inhibitors athathwa njengaphephile ngemiphumela emibi embalwa lapho ethathwa njengoba kunqunyiwe. Kodwa-ke, kunamaqembu ambalwa abantu okungafanele athathe ama-ACE inhibitors.

Abantu abanenkinga enkulu yezinso akufanele bathathe i-ACE inhibitors. Umsebenzi wezinso uzodinga ukubhekelwa eduze uma kusetshenziswa i-ACE inhibitor kulesi sibalo. Abantu ababa neguliswa ngemuva kokuthatha i-ACE inhibitor okuholele ekuqubukeni okukhulu, ukukhathazeka ukuphefumula, noma ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi, noma umlomo, kufanele futhi bagweme ukuthatha i-ACE inhibitor.

Izidakamizwa ezithile zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-ACE inhibitors. Isibonelo, i-over-the-counter (OTC) izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-ACE inhibitors. Ukuhlanganisa ama-NSAID nama-ACE inhibitors kufanele kugwenywe noma kuhlolwe. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo nganoma imiphi imithi ongayithatha, njengezidakamizwa ze-OTC, izithasiselo, namakhambi, ngaphambi kokuthatha i-ACE inhibitor.

I-ACE inhibitor iyakhumbula

Azikho izikhumbuzo ze-ACE inhibitor zamanje kusukela ngoMashi 2021.

Imikhawulo ye-ACE inhibitor

Ungathathi i-ACE inhibitors uma ngabe uke waba negciwane elibuhlungu kunoma iyiphi i-ACE inhibitor. Uma uke wahlangabezana ne-angioedema (ukuvuvukala ngaphansi kwesikhumba esifana nezinyosi), ungathathi i-ACE inhibitors.

Iziguli ezithatha i-Entresto (sacubitril / valsartan), umuthi oqukethe i-neprilysin inhibitor, akufanele zithathe i-ACE inhibitor. I-Entresto akufanele ithathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-36 okushintshela noma isuka ku-ACE inhibitor.

Abantu abane-aortic stenosis ebucayi abathatha i-ACE inhibitors bangathola ukuncipha komfutho we-coronary oholela ku-ischemia, noma wehlise ukugeleza kwegazi kuye emsipheni wenhliziyo.

Ungathatha i-ACE inhibitors ngenkathi ukhulelwe noma uncelisa?

Isigaba se-ACE inhibitor siphethe isexwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama ngokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-ACE inhibitors ingadala ukulimala nokufa kwengane ekhulayo. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-ACE inhibitors angawela obisini lwebele futhi kufanele agwenywe ngenkathi uncelisa. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngezindlela zokwelashwa zomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngaphambi kokuthatha i-ACE inhibitor ngenkathi ukhulelwe noma uncelisa.

Ingabe izinto ezilawulwa yi-ACE inhibitors?

Cha, ama-ACE inhibitor awazona izinto ezilawulwayo.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-ACE

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-ACE inhibitors ifaka phakathi:

Ukukhwehlela okomile
Isiyezi
Amazinga aphakeme we-potassium egazi
Umfutho wegazi ophansi
Ubuhlungu bekhanda
Ukukhathala
Ubuthakathaka
I-Rash
Ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka

Umfutho wegazi ophansi noma iziqephu zokudlula kungenzeka ngezilinganiso zokuqala ezimbalwa ze-ACE inhibitors. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abagcwele ivolumu lapho beqala i-ACE inhibitor. Ukungalingani kwamanzi kungadinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuqala i-ACE inhibitor.Imiphumela emibi kakhulu engajwayelekile ye-ACE inhibitors ifaka phakathi:

Izinkinga zezinso
Ukusabela okweqile
I-Pancreatitis
Ukungasebenzi kwesibindi
Ukwehla kwamaseli amhlophe egazi
Angioedema

Yize kungavamile, ama-ACE inhibitors angaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Isigameko esisodwa esibi ngu angioedema , noma ukuvuvukala ngaphansi kwesikhumba sobuso noma ezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukusabela okweqile kuma-ACE inhibitors nakho akuvamile kepha kungenzeka. I-ACE inhibitors ingadala ukwehluleka kwezinso, ngakho-ke umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele ahlole njalo ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ama-ACE inhibitors angakhuphula amazinga e-potassium egazi futhi abangele i-hyperkalemia (amazinga aphezulu we-potassium kunokujwayelekile), ngakho-ke ukuqapha i-potassium ngenkathi uthatha i-ACE inhibitor kuvame ukudingeka. Ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-potassium noma ukusebenzisa okunye okufaka usawoti okuqukethe i-potassium ngenkathi kutholakala i-ACE inhibitor kungadala i-hyperkalemia, engaholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo futhi engabeka impilo yakho engcupheni. Izimpawu zokuba ne-potassium eningi kakhulu emzimbeni zifaka ukudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, nokugedlezela noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni noma ebusweni.

Lolu hlu lwemiphumela engemihle alunabele ngokuphelele. Ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kuyindlela engcono yokuthola uhlu oluphelele lwemiphumela emibi futhi unqume ukuthi ukuthatha ama-ACE inhibitors kufanelekile yini.

Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi okulandelayo ngaphambi kokuthatha i-ACE inhibitor:

Noma ikuphi ukwaliwa yizidakamizwa
Uma uke wahlangabezana ne-angioedema
Uma unezinkinga zezinso
Uma ngabe uphuze umuthi one-sacubitril kuwo emahoreni angama-36 edlule
Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa ibele

Kubiza malini ama-ACE inhibitors?

I-ACE inhibitors imishanguzo engabizi kakhulu etholakala ngegama lomkhiqizo namafomula ejwayelekile. Cishe wonke ama-Medicare nezinhlelo zomshuwalense zizofaka ama-ACE inhibitors. Izindleko zizohluka ngokuya ngohlelo lwakho lomshuwalense. Ngaphandle komshuwalense, inani lingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngemithi nobungako bamaphilisi abekiwe. Noma kunjalo, usebenzisa i- ikhadi lesaphulelo somuthi kusuka kwaSingleCare kungasiza ekwehliseni izindleko zama-ACE inhibitors.