Funda ukubona izimpawu zohlangothi

Imfundo Yezempilo

Kunethuba elihle lokuthi wazi umuntu oke washaywa unhlangothi, noma uzokwenza kanjalo ngesikhathi sakho sokuphila — futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi imivimbo idlangile. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-795,000 e-United States banesifo sohlangothi minyaka yonke, ngokusho kuka Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC) . Kwezinye izibalo, othile e-United States uhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi njalo ngemizuzwana engama-40. Njalo ngemizuzu engu-4, umuntu ubulawa isifo sohlangothi. Futhi kulabo abasinda, imivimbo iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokukhubazeka okukhulu kwesikhathi eside.

Ukushaywa unhlangothi kuyingozi futhi kuvamile, kodwa kusenokudideka okuningi okubazungezile — siyini isifo sohlangothi? Ziyini izimpawu zohlangothi? Ungasigwema kanjani isifo sohlangothi? Lapha, thola izimpendulo ozidingayo.

Yini isifo sohlangothi?

Ukukubeka ngokusobala ngangokunokwenzeka, isifo sohlangothi singumonakalo ebuchosheni obangelwa ukungabi negazi elanele ukufika ebuchosheni, kusho uStephen Devries, MD, ongudokotela wenhliziyo ovikelayo kanye nomqondisi omkhulu wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo Isikhungo seGaples for Integrative Cardiology . Ukushaywa unhlangothi kubangelwa inkinga yemithambo yegazi eya ebuchosheni, okungenzeka noma ngenxa yokuthi umthambo wegazi uvaleka kuphahla lwe-cholesterol noma ihlule legazi, noma lapho umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni uqhuma ngenxa umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ubuthakathaka obuzuzwe njengefa emthanjeni.

Uvame ukuzwa ukushaywa unhlangothi emshweni ofanayo nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngoba kuyizinkinga ezihlobene, kepha azifani.Ukushaywa unhlangothi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvaleka ezitsheni ezinikeza ubuchopho ngegazi elinomoya-mpilo, kuyilapho isifo senhliziyo senzeka ngenxa yokuvaleka okwenzeka ezitsheni ezinikezela ngemisipha yenhliziyo, kuchaza uRegina S. Druz, MD, FACC, a udokotela wenhliziyo onezinsizakalo zezempilo zamaKhatholika zaseLong Island kanye noMphathi Wezokwelapha oyiHolistic Heart Centers of America (HHCA). Ngenkathi izitho zihluke kakhulu, izehlakalo ze-vascular and systemic ezibandakanya ukushaywa unhlangothi nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zihlobene kakhulu, njengezimo eziyingozi ezingaphansi.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zesifo sohlangothi?

Ngokuvumelana ne iNational Heart, Lung, neGazi Institute , ezinye zezinto eziyingozi ezinkulu ezandisa amathuba akho okuba nesifo sohlangothi zifaka:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukubhema
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol e-LDL
• I-Atrial fibrillation (isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile)
• Ama-aneurysms we-Brain noma i-arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
• Ukutheleleka noma izimo ezibangela ukuvuvukala (njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis)
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sohlangothi
• Ubulili ( abesifazane banamathuba amaningi ukuba nesifo sohlangothi)
• Umlando wangaphambilini wesifo sohlangothi noma iTransent Ischemic Attack (TIA) eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-mini-stroke

Okunye, izinto eziyingozi ezingaziwa kakhulu zokushaywa unhlangothi zihlanganisa ukukhathazeka, ukudangala, amazinga okuxineka kakhulu, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njalo, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukulala kakhulu (ngaphezu kwamahora ayisishiyagalolunye njalo), ukufaka esikhundleni se-estrogen, amaphilisi omlomo wokuvimbela inzalo, nokuhlala ezindaweni ngokungcoliswa komoya.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sohlangothi?

Ubuso ukwehla, ubuthakathaka bengalo, nobunzima bokukhuluma konke kuyizinkomba zesifo sohlangothi, kusho uDkt Druz. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sohlangothi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba ndikindiki okungazelelwe noma ubuthakathaka ebusweni, engalweni, noma emlenzeni, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Ukudideka okungazelelwe, kunzima ukukhuluma, noma ubunzima bokuqonda inkulumo
• Inkinga engazelelwe yokubona kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo
• Inkinga engazelelwe yokuhamba, isiyezi, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, noma ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingahluka kwabesifazane kunasemadodeni. Ngokusho kwe-American Stroke Association, abesifazane bangabika izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• Ukudideka, ukungaphenduli, noma ukudideka
• Ukushintsha kokuziphatha okungazelelwe
• Ukuyaluza
• I-hallucination
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu
• Ukuquleka
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukuquleka

Unezimpawu ezingakanani ngaphambi kokushaywa unhlangothi?

Izimpawu zokuxwayiswa unhlangothi zingafika ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokushaywa unhlangothi, ngokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe ku- Neurology . Izimpawu zokuxwayiswa kwesifo sohlangothi ziyefana nesifo sohlangothi uqobo — kodwa umehluko ukuthi, ngaphambi kokushaywa unhlangothi uqobo, izimpawu zokuxwayisa zixazululwa ngokushesha, kwesinye isikhathi ngendlela yemizuzu embalwa, kuchaza uDkt. Devries. Kaningi, la ma-alamu awanakwa futhi abantu abafuni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okungasindisa impilo. Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha lapho kunikezwa uphawu oluthile kungasiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kobuchopho.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ubona izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi?

Uma lezi kuyizimo ezintsha lapho-ke kufanele ushayele ngokushesha u-911. Le nkanyezi yezimpawu nezimpawu yaziwa njengegama elithi 'FAST' — elikusiza ukukhumbula lezi zimpawu ezintathu, kufakwe u-'T' obonisa ukuthi isikhathi sibalulekile. Kuchaza uDkt Druz.

I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute (i-NHLBI) yehlisa i-FAST ngezimpawu kanye nesinyathelo okufanele usithathe ukuqinisekisa isimo sesiguli esingenzeka kanjena:

F — Ubuso: Cela lowo muntu amamatheke. Ngabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luguqule?
A — Izikhali: Cela umuntu aphakamise izingalo zombili. Ingabe ingalo eyodwa idonsela phansi?
S — Inkulumo: Cela lowo muntu ukuba aphinde ibinzana elilula. Ngabe inkulumo ididekile noma ayijwayelekile?
T — Isikhathi: Uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, shayela u-9-1-1 ngaso leso sikhathi. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu uhlaselwa yischemic (TIA) noma unhlangothi, ungashayeli uye esibhedlela noma uvumele omunye umuntu akushayele. Shayela i-ambulensi ukuze abasebenzi bezokwelapha baqale ukwelashwa okusindisa impilo endleleni eya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngesikhathi sohlangothi, umzuzu ngamunye ubalulekile.

Ingabe isifo sohlangothi singanakwa?

Kukhona into efana ne- unhlangothi omncane —Noma i-TIA — engabonwa yibo bobabili umuntu obhekene nayo kanye nababukele. I-TIA iyinkinga emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho edala ukwehla kwesikhashana kokugeleza kwegazi kuye esifundeni esithile sobuchopho, ngokusho IHarvard Health . UDkt. Louis Caplan, uprofesa wesayensi yezinzwa e-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center esebenzisana neHarvard uthi lezi ziqephu zifushane kakhulu, zihlala ngaphansi kwehora kuze kufike emahoreni angama-24.

Eqinisweni, ama-TIA amaningi aphelile kungakapheli imizuzu embalwa. Uchungechunge lwemicimbi eholela ku-TIA luyafana oluholela ekushayweni unhlangothi, kepha ngezinga elincane. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba i-TIA ingadala ukulimala unomphela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi idale unhlangothi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Yiziphi izimo ezingalingisa isifo sohlangothi?

Ngokuvumelana ne ucwaningo eshicilelwe ngo-2017, kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingalingisa izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, njenge: izicubu zobuchopho, ukuphazamiseka komzimba (njenge-hypoglycemia noma i-hyperthyroidism), izifo ezithathelwanayo (njenge-meningoencephalitis), kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (njenge-migraine noma ukuquleka ).

Lokhu kwenza ukuqaphela unhlangothi kube nzima kakhulu, kepha ukulinda ukwelashwa kungadala izinkinga ezingalungiseki. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona ithuba lokuthi kungaba isifo sohlangothi, sekuyisikhathi sokuya esibhedlela. Noma ngabe kugcina kuyisimo sokulingisa, kungcono ukuphepha kunokuzisola.

Ungasinqanda kanjani isifo sohlangothi

Ngenkathi kunezici eziningi zobungozi esingakwazi ukuzilawula (njengomlando womndeni kanye nezakhi zofuzo), kunezindlela eziningi zokwehlisa kakhulu ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Abantu banamandla amaningi ngaphezulu kwempilo yabo ngokudla nangendlela abaphila ngayo kunalokho abakubona njalo, kusho uDkt. Devries.

Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, i-atrial fibrillation, i-cholesterol ephezulu kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu zisengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ukulawula lezi zimo ezingaphansi ngezindlela zazo zokwelashwa kuzosiza ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi.

Lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu zingasiza ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi:

1. Yeka ukubhema . Ukubhema kuyisici esikhulu sengozi, futhi akukho lutho olungaba yisinyathelo esihle ngokwengeziwe sempilo engcono kunokuyeka, kusho uDkt. Devries.
2. Nciphisa usawoti ekudleni kwakho, futhi udle ukudla okucutshungulwe kancane . Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ekushayweni unhlangothi, kusho uDkt. Devries. Izinguquko ekudleni zingasiza kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwegazi — ikakhulukazi ukukhawulela usawoti ekudleni kwakho (okutholakala kokudla okuningi okuhlanganisiwe, nasesinkwa, inyama esetshenzisiwe enjengebhekoni nesoseji, ne-pizza).
3. Yidla izithelo eziningi, ubhontshisi nemifino . Ngasohlangothini oluhle, ukudla okune-potassium eningi, njengezithelo eziningi, ubhontshisi nemifino, empeleni kuyasiza umfutho wegazi ophansi , kusho uDkt Devries.
4. Nciphisa ukuphuza utshwala . Ukuphuza ngokweqile nakho kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi — okuyinto abantu abaningi abangayazi, kuphawula uDkt. Devries.
5. Vivinya umzimba njalo . Olunye ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila olungasiza ekuvikeleni isifo sohlangothi lubandakanya ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuphathwa kwengcindezi ngamathuluzi afana nokuzindla, kusho uDkt. Devries.

Uma usuvele unesifo sohlangothi, udokotela wakho angakulapha i-aspirin , clopidogrel ( I-Plavix ), kanye nemithi yokwelapha yokuvikela unhlangothi wesibili.

Izindlela ezimbili zokugwema ukuphindeka kwesifo sohlangothi ukuthola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha nokwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuze uthuthukise amathuba akho okuphila, kusho uDkt. Devries. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukugcina umfutho wegazi, cholesterol , namazinga kashukela. Kepha noma kukhona umuthi ofanele, ukwenza ushintsho endleleni yokuphila kuhlala kubalulekile. Iziguli ezinesifo sohlangothi zilashwa nge-aspirin, i-clopidogrel (i-Plavix) kanye nemithi ye-statin yokuvimbela unhlangothi wesibili.