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Ama-Antibiotic 101: Ayini futhi kungani siwadinga?

Ama-Antibiotic 101: Ayini futhi kungani siwadinga?Imfundo Yezempilo

Imithi elwa namagciwane ingokunye kokutholwa kwezokwelapha okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okunomthelela — iguqule indlela eselapha ngayo ukugula futhi yasindisa izimpilo ezingenakubalwa ekuthelelekeni kwamagciwane.





Aqala nini ama-antibiotic?

Ngo-1928, usosayensi u-Alexander Fleming wathola ngengozi i-penicillin lapho eshiya isiko lamagciwane lambululiwe ngenkathi eseholidini, ngokusho I-Microbiology Society . Isikhunta sakhula ezitsheni zakhe ze-petri, sabulala i-amabhaktheriya ayewafunda.



Ukukhohlwa kukaFleming kwaholela kuma-antibiotic okuqala akhiqizwa ngobuningi, noma i-bacteria-killer, awina i-a Umklomelo kaNobel kuPhysology noma kwezokwelapha , kanye nabanye ososayensi ababili, ngo-1945.

Yimaphi ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ukwelapha?

Imithi elwa namagciwane yimithi esindisa impilo enikezwe ukulwa nezifo ngokubulala amagciwane noma ukuyigcina ingakhiqizi, kuchaza i-National Library of Medicine IMedlinePlus . Ngenkathi ama-antibiotic esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka okuningi okunamandla kwamagciwane, awadingi ukuthi — noma asebenze — ekungenweni yizifo ezinjengegciwane, njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane.

Ama-antibiotic yimithi esetshenziselwa ukusiza amasosha omzimba esiguli ukulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, uKatie Taylor, uFarm.D., Uthi. Uyanezela ukuthi izinhlobo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingabandakanya ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, inyumoniya, nokutheleleka kwezicubu nezithambile, ukubala nje ezimbalwa.



Asebenza kanjani ama-antibiotic?

Ama-antibiotic abulala amangqamuzana egciwane abangela ukutheleleka kwakho, kepha ashiya amaseli womuntu yedwa, kuchaza Isikhungo Sokufunda Sesayensi Yezofuzo e-University of Utah .

Ngokuvumelana ne Ibhukwana le-Merck , kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-antibiotic atholakalayo, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwama-antibiotic lusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezithile zama-bacteria. Yingakho udokotela wakho ekunika ama-antibiotic athile ukwelapha izifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kunezinhlobo eziningi, noma amakilasi, ama-antibiotic: ama-penicillin, i-tetracyclines, ne-nitrofurantoin, ukubala nje ezimbalwa.

Ngaphakathi kwala makilasi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo etholakalayo.



Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeama-antibiotic asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngesigaba semithi elwa namagciwane, kushoAmesh Adalja, MD, udokotela oqinisekisiwe webhodi wezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nesazi esiphakeme eJohn Hopkins.Isibonelo, i-penicillin kanye nama-antibiotic ahlobene nawo aphazamisa ukwakheka kodonga lwama-bacterial cell, kanti ama-antibiotic afana ne-ciprofloxacin enza izinqubo ze-DNA zebhaktheriya.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-antibiotic. Zingathathwa ngomlomo, zisetshenziswe phezulu, noma zitholwe njengomjovo. Into ebalulekile okumele uyiqaphele ukuthi i-antibiotic ethile ayidingi nje kuphela ukuthi ikwazi ukubulala ibhaktheriya elithile, kodwa futhi ifinyelela lapho kunesifo khona, kuchaza uDkt Taylor. Isibonelo, akuwona wonke ama-antibiotic angangena ebuchosheni noma emathanjeni, futhi uma kulapho ukutheleleka kukhona, kuzoba nzima ukwelapha lelo gciwane ngalowo muthi. Udokotela wakho ukunquma ifomu elingabhekisa kakhulu lapho ukutheleleka kukhona emzimbeni wakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza kwama-antibiotics?

Ama-antibiotic akhahlela ngokushesha, okungenani ezingeni le-microbiological, kuchaza uDkt Adalja.Kodwa-ke, kuya ngobungako nobukhulu bokutheleleka, kungathatha amahora noma izinsuku ukuthi izimpawu zomuntu ziguquke ngokuphawulekayo, uyanezela.



Lapho izimpawu zakho ziqala ukuthuthuka, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha incwadi kadokotela. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi isiguli kufanele sithathe yonke inkambo yama-antibiotic ebekwe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okwanele kokutheleleka ukuze kungaphinde kubuye futhi kungabangi ukumelana namagciwane, uDkt Taylor ugcizelela.

OKUSHIWO: Kwenzekani uma ungawaqedi ama-antibiotics?



Ngabe amabhaktheriya amelana kanjani namagciwane?

Ukulwa namagciwane kwenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya efunda ukunqoba i-antibiotic okufanele ibabulale. Kwenzeka lapho abantu besebenzisa ngokweqile futhi besebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngokweqile. Bayithatha ngesimo esingadingi ama-antibiotic, noma bayeke ukuthatha i-antibiotic ngaphambi kokuphela kwemithi. Zombili lezi zimo zinika amagciwane ithuba lokuguquka.

Ukumelana namagciwane kuvame kakhulu kangangokuba Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC) ikubheka njengenye yezinkinga eziphuthuma kakhulu kwezempilo yomphakathi. Njalo ngonyaka abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 bathola ukutheleleka okungazweli kuma-antibiotic, futhi okungenani abantu abangama-23,000 bafa ngalo, ngokusho kwe i-CDC .Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kunzima, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukwelashwa. Ezimweni eziningi, izifo ezingamelana nemithi elwa namagciwane zidinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela, ukuvakashelwa odokotela abengeziwe, nezinye izindlela ezibizayo nezinobuthi, kusho i i-CDC indawo.



UDkt. Adalja uthi ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kungaholela ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic, ikhono lama-bacterium lokuguqula nokumelana nemithi eyenzelwe ukuwubulala nalo liyiqiniso lokuphila nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kudalwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi amagciwane avezwa umuthi olwa namagciwane isikhathi esithile, kanti amabhaktheriya aguqula (noma ukuthola) ukuthi angazungeza kanjani indlela yokusebenza komuthi, kuvuma uDkt Taylor.

Uzoyithatha nini i-antibiotics

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane ukugwema ukuthatha ama-antibiotic lapho ungadingi-isibonelo, ungathathi ama-antibiotic ukwelapha amagciwane. Sebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela njengemigomo kanye nemikhuba yenhlanzeko enempilo ukugwema ukugula. Bese, uma uwadinga, qiniseka ukuthi uphuza ama-antibiotic akho njengoba kunqunyiwe.