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I-Emphysema vs. COPD: Yisiphi isigaba se-COPD i-emphysema?

Imfundo Yezempilo

Isifo samaphaphu siyinkinga edlangile e-U.S. Izifo ezimbili ezivamile zamaphaphu zifaka i-emphysema ne-COPD. I-Emphysema uhlobo lwe-COPD oludala ukulimala ezikhwameni zomoya emaphashini (alveoli). I-COPD imele isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona futhi iyisifo samaphaphu esidala ukuphuma komoya emaphashini.

Funda ukuze ufunde ukubuka konke kwe-emphysema ne-COPD, kanye nezimbangela zazo, ukwanda, izimpawu, izici ezinobungozi, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokuningi.

Izimbangela

I-Emphysema

I-Emphysema ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo ezisemoyeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi intuthu kagwayi nensangu, ukungcoliswa komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali nothuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zofuzo ezifana nokushoda kwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin kungadala i-emphysema.

Kodwa-ke, ukubhema kuyisici sokuqala. Ngalesi sizathu, i-emphysema ingenye yezifo zamaphaphu ezingavikeleka kakhulu.

I-COPD

Kunezimbangela ezahlukahlukene zeCOPD. Njenge-emphysema, i-COPD ivame ukubangelwa intuthu kagwayi. Kungabangelwa futhi yintuthu kagwayi, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekungcolisweni komoya, uthuli, intuthu, namakhemikhali, kanye nokushoda kwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin.

Izimbangela ze-Emphysema vs. COPD
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
Ukubhema nentuthu kagwayi Ukungcoliswa komoya Umusi wamakhemikhali Uthuli Ukushoda kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin	Ukubhema nentuthu kagwayi Ukungcoliswa komoya Umusi wamakhemikhali Uthuli Ukushoda kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin

Ukudlanga

I-Emphysema

I-Emphysema ingenye yezifo zamaphaphu ezingavikeleka kakhulu njengoba ixhunyaniswe nokubhema. Namuhla, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.8 kutholakale ukuthi nginalesi sifo samaphaphu.

I-COPD

Ezimweni zonke ezingu-8 kwezingu-10 ze-COPD, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lubangelwa intuthu kagwayi. Amacala e-COPD abezinzile phakathi kuka-2014 no-2017 ngaphambi kokuthwebula ngo-2018. Ngo-2018, Abantu abadala abayizigidi eziyi-16.4 ibike ukuxilongwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-COPD. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-COPD: i-emphysema ne-bronchitis engapheli. Ku-2018, bekunabantu abadala abayizigidi eziyi-9 okutholwe ukuthi bane-bronchitis engalapheki.

Ukudlanga kwe-Emphysema vs. COPD
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
Abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-3.8 batholwe bene-emphysema Ngaphezu kwama-90% amacala we-emphysema ayesezigulini ezazineminyaka engama-45 noma ngaphezulu Abesifazane banamanani aphansi ngokomlando we-emphysema kunamadoda	Amacala ayi-8 kwayishumi e-COPD adalwe yintuthu kagwayi Abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-16.4 babephethwe yi-COPD ngo-2018 Abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-12 bane-COPD kodwa abakatholakali I-COPD iyimbangela yesine yokufa kwabantu e-U.S.

Izimpawu

I-Emphysema

Kunezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezihambisana ne-emphysema. Kepha khumbula, abanye abantu banesimo samaphaphu iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokubona izimpawu. Ngalokho kusho, uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-emphysema ukuphefumula okuncane, okwenzeka kancane kancane kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuba nzima.

Akuvamile ukuthi abantu babhekane nokuphefumula okuncane njengoba uphawu lwabo kuphela kuze kufike ku-50% noma ngaphezulu kwezicubu zamaphaphu zilimele. Shayela udokotela uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

Ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukukhwehlela komuntu obhemayo
Ukuphefumula okuncane, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi uzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca umzimba kancane noma uhamba ngezinyathelo
Ukuqhuma
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus yesikhathi eside
Umuzwa oqhubekayo wokukhathala

I-COPD

Kunezimpawu nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezibonisa i-COPD kumuntu ngamunye. Njenge-emphysema, izimpawu ze-COPD kaningi aziveli kuze kube nomonakalo omkhulu wamaphaphu. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zizoba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvezwa kwentuthu kuqhubeka. Izimpawu zifaka:

Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi lapho wenza umsebenzi womzimba
Ukuqhuma
Ukuqina kwesifuba
Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungakhipha umqubuko ocacile, omhlophe, ophuzi, noma oluhlaza okotshani
Izifo zokuphefumula ezenzeka njalo
Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni, noma emilenzeni
Ukwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe (isigaba esilandelayo seCOPD)

Izimpawu ze-Emphysema vs. COPD
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
Ukuphefumula okuncane, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi uzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca umzimba kancane noma uhamba ngezinyathelo Ukuqhuma Ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukukhwehlela komuntu obhemayo Ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus yesikhathi eside Umuzwa oqhubekayo wokukhathala	Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi lapho wenza umsebenzi womzimba Ukuqhuma Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungakhipha umqubuko ocacile, omhlophe, ophuzi, noma oluhlaza okotshani Ukuqina kwesifuba Izifo zokuphefumula ezenzeka njalo Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni, noma emilenzeni Ukwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe (isigaba esilandelayo seCOPD)

Ukuxilongwa

I-Emphysema

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga i-emphysema ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezempilo, aqophe umlando wakho wezokwelapha, futhi afunde imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba noma izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu (PFTs), okubandakanya uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuphefumula. I-CT scan nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukukala ubukhulu be-emphysema eseyakhiwe. Ukuhlolwa kwegesi emithanjeni yegazi kungasetshenziswa uma i-emphysema iba yimbi, okusiza ukukala amazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide egazini njengesinqumo sokuthi amaphaphu akwazi kanjani ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo egazini futhi asuse i-carbon dioxide egazini.

I-COPD

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga i-COPD ngokwenza izivivinyo zezokwelapha, ahlole izimpawu zakho, futhi acele umlando ophelele wezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angahlolela i-COPD ngokwenza i-PFTS efana ne-spirometry, ehlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-X-ray esifubeni, ama-CT scan, nokunye ukuhlolwa kungadingeka ukusiza ukuxilonga i-COPD.

I-Emphysema vs. COPD ukuxilongwa
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
I-X-ray yesifuba Iskena se-CT Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary (PFT) Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi	I-X-ray yesifuba Iskena se-CT Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wePulmonary (PFT)

Ukwelashwa

I-Emphysema ne-COPD ziyelapheka kepha azibuyiseki. Alikho ikhambi lazo zombili lezi zimo, kepha izindlela zokwelapha nezokuphila ziyatholakala ukwenza izimpawu zilawuleke kangcono.

I-Emphysema

Ngenkathi lungekho ikhambi le-emphysema, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo ukwenza izimpawu zilawuleke kalula. Udokotela wakho angahle akunikeze umuthi onjenge-inhaled steroids, noma i-bronchodilator. Kodwa-ke, umuthi onqunyiwe uzoncika ebukhulwini be-emphysema.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo yimithi yokwelapha efana nokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu, ukwelashwa okunomsoco, ne-oxygen eyengeziwe. Ngokuya ngobukhulu, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kungafaka ukuhlinzwa kwevolumu yamaphaphu noma ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu.

OKUSHIWO: Ungayisebenzisa i-inhaler ephelelwe yisikhathi?

I-COPD

Abantu abaningi abane-COPD banesimo esincane sesifo, yingakho umugqa wokuqala wezokuvikela onconyelwa odokotela ukuyeka ukubhema. Ngezinhlobo ezithuthuke kakhulu zesifo, udokotela angancoma imithi efana ne-bronchodilators , i-corticosteroids emuncwe, noma inhalers yenhlanganisela. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzoncoma imithi ngokuya ngobukhulu beCOPD yakho.

Ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa zifaka izindlela zokwelashwa kwamaphaphu ezinjengokwelashwa kwe-oxygen ukwengeza ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo egazini lakho noma uhlelo lokuvuselela amaphaphu. Udokotela futhi angancoma ukwelashwa okungavumelekile kwasendlini kusetshenziswa umshini onesifonyo ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula.

Ngezinhlobo ezinzima ze-COPD, ukuhlinzeka kungadingeka njengokuhlinzekwa kokunciphisa ivolumu yamaphaphu, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu, noma i-bullectomy.

OKUSHIWO: Amathiphu wokuhamba we-COPD

Ukwelashwa kwe-Emphysema vs. COPD
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
I-steroids engatholakali Ama-Bronchodilators I-oxygen eyengeziwe Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa ivolumu yamaphaphu Ukufakelwa okude Ukwelashwa kokudla okunempilo	Ukuyeka ukubhema Inhalers yenhlanganisela I-steroids engatholakali Ama-Bronchodilators Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa ivolumu yamaphaphu Ukufakelwa okude I-Bullectomy

Izici zobungozi

I-Emphysema

Kunezici ezahlukahlukene zobungozi ezandisa amathuba okuthi umuntu athole i-emphysema. Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu ye-emphysema, ngakho-ke, kuyimbangela enkulu yobungozi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso futhi ngokubhema ugwayi, ipayipi nokubhema ugwayi. Ubungozi buyanda ngenani leminyaka nenani likagwayi obhemayo.

Iminyaka yobudala ingenye ingozi. Abantu abane-emphysema ehlobene nogwayi baqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi, ukuchayeka emsebenzini nentuthu nothuli, nokuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya ezisendlini nangaphandle.

I-COPD

Kunezici ezahlukahlukene zobungozi ezandisa amathuba omuntu okutholakala ukuthi une-COPD. Isici esiyingozi kakhulu seCOPD ukuvezwa intuthu kagwayi isikhathi eside. Uma uqhubeka ubhema, iba maningi amathuba okuba ubungozi bakho bande.

Labo ababhema amapayipi, izigazu, bavezwa intuthu kagwayi, kanti nababhema insangu bangaba sengozini nabo. Labo abane-asthma banengozi eyengeziwe futhi.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukuvezwa emsebenzini nothuli namakhemikhali, ukuvezwa intuthu evela ekushiseni uphethiloli emakhaya angenamoya ongcolile, kanye nofuzo (i-alpha-1-antitrypsin yokushoda).

I-Emphysema vs. COPD ingozi
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
Ukubhema nentuthu kagwayi Iminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo	Ukubhema nentuthu kagwayi Iminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo Abantu abane-asthma Abantu abanokushoda kwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin

Ukuvimbela

I-Emphysema

Njengoba ukubhema kuyimbangela eyinhloko ye-emphysema, indlela engcono yokukuvimbela ukungabhemi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu kufanele bagweme ezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu njengentuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali nothuli.

I-COPD

Ukuvimbela kuyafana ne-COPD njengoba kunjalo nge-emphysema. Ukuyeka ukubhema nokugwema ezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu kuyizindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela i-COPD. Ukwehlisa ukuqhubeka kwe-COPD nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo yabo, iziguli kufanele zithathe imishanguzo yazo njengoba kubekiwe futhi zihlale zisesikhathini ngemigomo ejwayelekile yokuvikela inyumoniya nomkhuhlane.

I-Emphysema vs. COPD yokuvikela
I-Emphysema	I-COPD
Ukuyeka ukubhema Ukugwema ukucasula kwamaphaphu Ukulandela ukwelashwa kwe-emphysema njengoba kunqunyiwe	Ukuyeka ukubhema Ukugwema ukucasula kwamaphaphu Ukulandela ukwelashwa kwe-COPD njengoba kunqunyiwe

Lapho uzobona udokotela we-emphysema noma i-COPD

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ze-emphysema noma i-COPD ngokungaguquguquki, kubalulekile ukuvakashela udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Odokotela ngokuvamile bangazihlola lezi zifo kusenesikhathi. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela abantu ukuthi bathole ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Qaphela: Iziguli ze-COPD, kufaka phakathi lezo ezine-emphysema, zine- ingozi eyengeziwe yokugula okunzima okuvela ku-COVID-19, ngokusho kwe- Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (I-CDC).

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelana ne-emphysema ne-COPD

Yisiphi isigaba se-COPD i-emphysema?

I- Isinyathelo Somhlaba Wonke Sesifo Sokukhubazeka Okungapheli ’S (GOLD) GOLD Staging System isebenzisa ivolumu yokuphoqelelwa yokuphefumula ngesilinganiso esisodwa (FEV1) esivela kuhlolo lomsebenzi we-pulmonary ukuze ihlukanise i-COPD ngezigaba ezine (ngokuqhathaniswa nenani le-FEV1 elibikezelwe labantu abafanayo abanamaphaphu anempilo):

Isigaba 1: I-COPD emnene ene-FEV1 cishe ngama-80% noma ngaphezulu ejwayelekile.
Isigaba 2: I-COPD emaphakathi ne-FEV1 phakathi kuka-50% no-80% wokujwayelekile.
Isigaba 3: I-emphysema enamandla ne-FEV1 phakathi kuka-30% no-50% wokujwayelekile.
Isigaba 4: I-COPD ebucayi kakhulu noma esekupheleni nge-FEV1 engaphansi kuka-30%

Ungaba nayo i-emphysema ngaphandle kwe-COPD?

I-Emphysema uhlobo lwe-COPD, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuba ne-emphysema ngaphandle kwe-COPD. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ube ne-COPD ngaphandle kwe-emphysema.

Ungayithola i-COPD noma ungakaze ubheme?

I-COPD ivame ukuxhunyaniswa nokubhema kepha abangabhemi bangayithola nayo. Empeleni, 1 ezigulini ze-COPD ezi-6 angikaze ngibheme. Abangabhemi abaye bavezwa kwezinye izinto ezicasulayo zamaphaphu noma abanezinye izici zofuzo bangathola i-COPD futhi.