Okufanele ukwazi ngokugoma ekhemisi

Usokhemisi Wezemfundo Yezempilo Wazi Kakhulu

Ukwelapha izifo kuyingxenye esemqoka kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kodwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka mhlawumbe kubaluleke kakhulu — futhi kunenzuzo emphakathini wethu. I- Ubhubhane lwe-covid-19 ikhombisile ukuthi imijovo yokugoma ibaluleke kanjani empilweni yomhlaba.

Akudingeki ucabange kakhulu ngemithi yokugoma ngoba imvamisa iyingxenye yenqubo yakho yonyaka. Izingane zisohlelweni lokugoma nodokotela bezingane, futhi abantu abadala bangathola imikhuhlane lapho bevakashelwa odokotela minyaka yonke noma ekhemisi lasendaweni yabo ukuze kube lula.

Osokhemisi baqala ukunikeza imishanguzo e-United States ngawo-1990, futhi namuhla, osokhemisi kuzo zonke izifunda ezingama-50 nasePuerto Rico bangakwazi ukugoma.Njengosokhemisi, ngiphendula imibuzo ejwayelekile engiyizwayo ngokugoma ekhemisi.

Kungani imithi yokugoma ibalulekile?

Umuthi wokugoma ukwenziwa kwama-microorganisms, kungaba aphilayo noma angasebenzi, akhiqiza noma andise ukuzivikela ezifweni ezithile. Imithi yokugoma isukela emakhulwini eminyaka edlule — umuthi wokuqala wokugomela ingxibongo wenziwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1700. Bacishe baqeda izifo ezake zabiza izimpilo eziningi, njenge-diphtheria.

Izingane ezithola ukugonywa okunconyiwe zinamathuba amancane kakhulu okuthola izifo ezifana nenkukhu, isimungumungwane, irubella, noma i-pertussis.

Lapho iningi labantu ligonyiwe, lenza ukuzivikela komhlambi kulabo abangakwazi ukuthola imigomo. Ngamanye amagama, ithuba lokuthi lesi sifo singeniswe kubantu liphansi kakhulu uma amazinga wokugoma ephezulu.

Imiphi imigomo engiyidingayo?

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC) zigcina amashejuli amabili anconywayo okugoma, elilodwa le izingane , futhi eyodwa ye abantu abadala . Lokhu kuncoma ukuthi imiphi imithi yokugoma okufanele inikezwe nokuthi nini, kanye nemininingwane yama-boosters (noma yokugoma kabusha).

Imithi yokugoma iqala isencane kakhulu. Iningi lezingane lithola isibhamu salo sokuqala sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B ngemuva nje kokuzalwa, cishe ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingane ziyaqhubeka nokuthola imigomo zineminyaka yobudala eyi-16. Izikole eziningi nemisebenzi ehleliwe idinga imigomo esesikhathini ukuze ibambe iqhaza— kufaka phakathi amakolishi namanyuvesi .

Njengomuntu omdala, kunconywa imijovo yokugoma eyengeziwe kuye ngonyaka wakho wokuzalwa. Abanye abantu abadala badinga izikhuthazi zemithi yokugoma yangaphambilini, noma uhlelo lokugoma uma bengatholanga umuthi wokugoma ngenkathi kunconywa ekuqaleni. Kungaba khona abanye umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ancomayo ngokuya ngomlando wakho wezempilo othize.

OKUSHIWO: Imithi yokugoma okufanele uyicabangele uma usuqede iminyaka engama-50

Ngingawutholaphi umuthi wokugoma?

Ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1990, imithi yokugoma yayinikezwa cishe kuphela emahhovisi odokotela, ngudokotela noma umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe. Ngo-1996, i-American Pharmacist’s Association (APhA) yasungula uhlelo lwe-Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery Programme ukwenza imishanguzo ifinyeleleke emphakathini. Namuhla, ungangena cishe kunoma yiliphi ikhemisi futhi uthole imijovo ehlukahlukene.

Siyini isitifiketi sokugoma?

Uhlelo Lokuhlinzekwa Kokugoma Okusekelwe Ekhemisi lwavunywa Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC). Kuluhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwezitifiketi olunikeza osokhemisi amakhono adingekayo ukuphatha nokuncoma imijovo yokugoma.

Kungani kufanele ngithole umuthi wokugoma ekhemisi?

Thembeka, ngoba kulula kakhulu! Amakhemisi ngokuvamile anikela ngemigomo ngokuhambahamba, ukuze ukwazi ukuya noma nini lapho kufaneleka khona. Asikho isidingo sokuthatha usuku emsebenzini noma ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti eyengeziwe ehhovisi likadokotela.

Osokhemisi baqeqeshwe kakhulu emithini yokugoma nemithi. Ingabe uthatha ama-steroids noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokuzivikela ezifweni? Usokhemisi wakho uzokwazi ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokugoma ephephile ukuyihlinzeka, noma ukuthi udinga ukuphuma isikhathi esingakanani emithini ethile ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe. Osokhemisi bayazi futhi ukuthi yimiphi imishanguzo yokugoma enganikezwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi bangasetha izikhumbuzo zokubuya ngomthamo olandelayo uma umuthi wakho wokugoma uchungechunge oludinga ukuphathwa okungaphezu koyedwa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina umlando wakho wokugoma utholakale futhi uwulethe lapho uthola imigomo yakho. Osokhemisi bangakwazi ukukuvuselela bona futhi babike noma yimiphi imithi yokugoma kudokotela wakho ukuze amarekhodi akho abuyekezwe.

Kufanele nini hhayi ugonywe ekhemisi?

Ngezikhathi ezithile, kungaba nezikhathi lapho kungcono khona ukuthola umuthi wakho wokugoma ehhovisi likadokotela. Isibonelo esisodwa kungaba uma kukhona amandla okuphendula okweqile. Imishanguzo eminingi yonyaka yomkhuhlane inesixwayiso ezigulini ezinokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile ezifana ne-latex noma amaqanda. Uma unomlando walezi zifo zokungezwani komzimba, kungaba ngcono ukuthola umuthi wakho wokugoma ehhovisi likadokotela. Udokotela wakho angakhetha ukukunika imithi ngaphambilini ukuze unciphise ithuba lokuphendula.

Kungase kube nezimo lapho udokotela wakho ancoma umuthi wokugoma, kepha awuhlangabezani nenqubo elandelwayo yekhemisi. Isibonelo, isiguli esingenakuzivikela esinezifo ezingaphansi kwesifo samaphaphu singadinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia sisencane kunalokho okuvunyelwe yizinqubo eziningi zekhemisi. Noma, ingane encane kungenzeka ingafakwa eqenjini lobudala bekhemisi. Yonke ikhemisi inezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene ezinganikeza imithi yokugoma nokuthi ingakhonza iminyaka emingaki.

Ngabe umshwalense wami uzokukhokhela yini ukugoma ekhemisi?

Izinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense kadokotela zifaka imishanguzo ephethwe ekhemisi. Ngokwengeziwe, amakhemisi kaningi angakhokhisa imigomo yezinhlelo ezithile zomshuwalense wezokwelapha (uhlelo ojwayele ukulisebenzisa lapho uya ehhovisi likadokotela noma esibhedlela). Kukonke, ukutholakala kokugoma ngamasu omshuwalense kuhle kakhulu. Imithi yokugoma ibhekwa njengokuvikela, futhi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma kungakongela ukugula, amaholo alahlekile, kanye nezindleko ekuguleni ngalesi sifo. Ukufundwa kungahluka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubheka ngohlelo lwakho ngaphambi kokuya ekhemisi.

Imithi eminingi yokugoma imbozwe ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zeMedicare Part D, kufaka phakathi umuthi wokugoma i-herpes zoster, owaziwa kangcono njenge kudutshulwe ama-shingles . Kunemithi yokugoma ehlala ihlanganiswa neMedicare Part B: umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) , i-pneumococcal, ne-hepatitis B. Kunezimo ezithile lapho eminye imithi yokugoma ingahlanganiswa ngaphansi kweNgxenye B uma uke wahlangabezana ngqo nesifo. Isibonelo, umuthi wokugomela isifo ngqi uzombozwa ngaphansi kwengxenye B ngemuva kwesilonda sokubhoboza. Ngenkathi amakhemisi amaningi enenkontileka ngezinhlelo zeMedicare Part D, akuzona zonke ezinenkontileka neMedicare Part B. Mane ubuze abasebenzi basekhemisi.

OKUSHIWO: Ngiwuthola kanjani umkhuhlane wamahhala noma owehlisiwe?

Iningi lamakhemisi lihlola inkokhelo yomshuwalense bese likwazisa umthwalo wakho wemfanelo ophuma ephaketheni ngaphambi kokukunikeza umuthi wokugoma. Uma intengo ishaqisa, ungahlala ulinde. Lokhu kugwema isikweletu esimangazayo ezinyangeni ezithunyelwe ngeposi. Amanani okugoma ekhemisi kanye nama-copay asobala kakhulu — qiniseka ukukwenza lokho hlola i-SingleCare ngentengo yakho engcono emithini yokugoma , futhi.

Osokhemisi kanye namaqembu abo banolwazi oluningi ngemigomo. Bangochwepheshe bezempilo abafinyeleleka kalula. Akukho ukuqokwa okudingekayo, futhi ukuhlakanipha nezeluleko zabo ngokujwayelekile kutholakala ngaphandle kwenkokhiso eyengeziwe. Usukulungele ukuthola umuthi wokugoma? Ufuna ukwazi uma udinga umuthi wokugoma othize? Yima ubone umuthi wakho wemithi namuhla.