Umhlahlandlela wakho empilweni yegilo

Imfundo Yezempilo

Uma ufana nabantu abaningi, mhlawumbe awucabangi ngempilo ye-thyroid kaningi. Lapho i-thyroid yakho isebenza ngendlela efanele, kulula ukuyithatha kalula. Kodwa ochwepheshe bezempilo bangathanda ukuthi ucabangisise ngempilo yegilo ngoJanuwari, okuyinyanga yokuqwashisa nge-Thyroid unyaka nonyaka. Kuyisihloko okufanele usazi ngoba lapho i-thyroid yakho ingasebenzi ngendlela obekufanele isebenze ngayo, ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zezempilo, ezinye zazo zibucayi impela.

Ngokusho kwe- I-American Thyroid Association , ngaphezu kwe-12% yabantu baseMelika bazothuthukisa isimo se-thyroid empilweni yabo. Kuze kufike kuma-60% alabo bantu ngeke bazi nokuthi banesifo se-thyroid, noma ngabe isimo kungenzeka ukuthi sidala izimpawu abangaqapheli ukuthi zixhunyaniswe ne-thyroid. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke impilo yakho yegilozi-hhayi ngoJanuwari kuphela kodwa unyaka wonke.

Iyini i-thyroid yakho?

Indlala yegilo, noma indlala yegilo, iyindlala emise okwvemvane etholakala entanyeni yakho eyingxenye yohlelo lomzimba wakho lwe-endocrine. Izindlala ze-Endocrine yizitho ezenza ama-hormone, angena ngqo egazini aphumele kwezinye izitho nezicubu emzimbeni wonke ukusiza ukulawula inqwaba yemisebenzi yomzimba. Ezinye izindlala ze-endocrine zifaka ama-pancreas, ama-ovari, ama-testes, i-adrenal ne-pituitary gland.

Indlala yegilo ikhiqiza ama-hormone amabili abizwa nge-thyroxine (T4) ne-triiodothyronine (T3). Iningi lokukhiqizwa kwe-thyroid-cishe i-95% -yi-T4. U-5% osele ngu-T3. Amahomoni e-thyroid athinta imetabolism yakho, ukushisa komzimba, nezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Amandla emisipha
• Izilinganiso zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo
• Isisindo somzimba
• Amazinga e-cholesterol
• Imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini
• Uhlelo lwezinzwa
• Izinga lamandla

Indlala yegilo inama-lobes amabili futhi ihlala ngenhla nje kokhololo nangaphansi komphimbo, noma ibhokisi lezwi. I-lobe ngayinye isonga kancane ezungeze i-windpipe, ngobuningi be-thyroid ihlezi phambi kwayo, ngakho-ke i-thyroid engasebenzi ingathinta ikhwalithi yezwi lakho ngaphezu kwezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezingabangela.

Izinkinga ezivamile ze-thyroid

Indlala yegilo ingasebenza ngendlela eyodwa kwezimbili. Ingakhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu — isimo okuthiwa i-thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile, noma i-hyperthyroidism —Noma ingaveza ama-hormone ambalwa kakhulu, aziwa njengendlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle, noma i-hypothyroidism . Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi kunamadoda okuba nezinkinga ze-thyroid, kodwa odokotela abaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani kunjalo.

Yize kunemibono eminingi, ayikho incazelo eyodwa [ngokwanda kwabesifazane] kuze kube manje, ngokusho kuka UCheryl R. Rosenfeld , DO, FACE, okhulumela i-American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE). Izifo ze-thyroid ezivame kakhulu ukuzimela ngokwemvelo, okusho ukuthi lapho amasosha omzimba eqala ukuhlasela ingxenye ethile yomzimba. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthi bahlakulele izifo ezizimele [kunamadoda], ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuthi izifo ze-thyroid zimelwe lapha.

I-Hyperthyroidism

I-Hyperthyroidism, lapho i-thyroid ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu, ivame ukubangelwa isifo se-autoimmune esibizwa Isifo samathuna . Lapho othile enesifo se-Graves, amasosha omzimba ahlasela igilo futhi abangele ukuthi andise ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni.

I-Hyperthyroidism nayo ingabangelwa ukudla iodine eningi kakhulu noma umuthi wegilo; amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid asebenza ngokweqile (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo esinobuthi se-nodular); i-thyroiditis (ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid); ukutheleleka ngegciwane, noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, isimila esingenasifo somdlavuza we-pituitary.

Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-hyperthyroidism ingaholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, isifo senhliziyo nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo, ubuhlungu bamehlo nokulahleka kombono, amathambo anciphise kanye ne-osteoporosis, izinkinga zokuzala kwabesifazane, kanye nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism zifaka:

• Goiter
• Ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka, noma ukushintsha kwemizwelo
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokukhathala
• Inkinga yokubekezelela ukushisa noma ukulala
• Ukuthuthumela, imvamisa kusezandleni zakho
• Ukuhamba kwamathumbu kaningi noma isifo sohudo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

I-Hypothyroidism

I-Hypothyroidism, lapho i-thyroid ikhiqiza ama-hormone ambalwa kakhulu, ivame ukubangelwa yisifo sokuzimela komzimba esibizwa ngokuthi Isifo sikaHashimoto , noma iHashimoto’s thyroiditis. Ngesifo sikaHashimoto, njengesifo sikaGraves, amasosha omzimba ahlasela indlala yegilo, kodwa kulokhu igilo liphendula ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni.

Kwezinye izimo, i-hypothyroidism ikhona lapho kuzalwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-congenital hypothyroidism. Ezinye izimbangela zibandakanya i-thyroiditis, iodine encane kakhulu ekudleni kwakho, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, imithi ethile, nokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid noma konke kwengxenye.

Uma ingalashwa, i-hypothyroidism ingafaka isandla kwi-cholesterol ephezulu futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, iholele esimweni esibizwa nge-myxedema coma, lapho imisebenzi yomzimba ingancipha ize ifike ezingeni lokuthi isimo sibe sesongela impilo. I-Hypothyroidism ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaholela ekuzalweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ekuphuphumeni kwesisu futhi kunciphise ukukhula kwengane nokukhula. Izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism, ezingakhula kancane futhi zithathe izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ukuvela, zifaka:

• Goiter
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene nobomzimba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhamba kancane
• Ubuso obukhukhumele
• Inkinga yokubekezelela amakhaza
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Isikhumba esomile
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele
• Isikhathi esinzima noma esingajwayelekile sokuya esikhathini
• Izinkinga zokuzala kwabesifazane

Ezinye izimpawu zenzeka kokubili i-hyperthyroidism ne-hypothyroidism, kusho uDkt Rosenfeld, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kube nodokotela onolwazi ngesifo se-thyroid ukuze ahlolisise futhi alaphe isiguli esinezimpawu ezisikisela ngesifo segilo.

Goiter

Kokubili i-hyperthyroidism ne-hypothyroidism kungaholela ekwandeni okungavamile kwendlala yegilo. Lesi simo, esibizwa nge- isikhwehlela , ingenye yezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesifo se-thyroid. I-goiter ingenzeka futhi lapho i-thyroid ikhiqiza inani elifanele lamahomoni uma kunesinye isimo esikhona esingadala ukuthi indlala yegilo ikhule ngokungajwayelekile.

Kokubili i-T4 ne-T3 iqukethe iodine, okuyisici esibalulekile esitholakala ku-shellfish nosawoti o-iodized. Uma umuntu engatholi iodine eyanele, indlala yegilo ayikwazi ukwenza i-hormone yegilo eyanele. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi indlala yebhinqa ebuchosheni ithumele isinali ku-thyroid ukuze ikhiqize ama-hormone amaningi. Lesi siginali, esibizwa nge-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), senza ukuthi igilo likhule ngomzamo wokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni.

Ukushoda kwe-iodine kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokuhamba kwezilonda emhlabeni wonke, kodwa hhayi e-United States, kusho uDkt Rosenfeld. Izinga eliphansi le-iodine, maningi amathuba okuthi i-goiter ikhule.

I-Goiters nayo ingakhula ngenxa yokubhema, imisebe, noma izici zofuzo. Ukubhema kudala ukukhula kwe-thyroid ngokuvimbela i-thyroid ekuqongeleleni i-iodine, ngenxa yelinye lamakhemikhali atholakala entuthu kagwayi, kusho uDkt Rosenfeld. Ukuchayeka emisebeni, ngokuvamile ngezingozi zenuzi noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kungadala ukuthi igilo likhule ngamaqhubu futhi likhule. Okokugcina, futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, umnikelo wezakhi zofuzo ekwakhiweni kwamaqhubu wegilo kanye ne-goiter.

Umdlavuza wegilo

Ezimweni ezingavamile, imvamisa kulabo abanomlando wokuchayeka emithanjeni ephezulu yemisebe, abantu bangaba nomdlavuza wegilo. I-American Thyroid Association ilinganisela ukuthi e-United States cishe abantu abangu-64,000 ngonyaka baba nomdlavuza wegilo kanti bangaphansi kuka-2 000 ababulawa ngumdlavuza wegilo.

Ukuthola umdlavuza we-thyroid, i-hypothyroidism, i-hyperthyroidism, nezinye izifo ze-thyroid, i-endocrinologist noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlola umzimba futhi angenza umsebenzi wegilo uvivinya i-TSH enjalo , T3, T4, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi lomzimba womuntu wegilo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njengokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid, i-ultrasound, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-iodine kwe-radioactive kungenziwa.

Izinto ezi-3 ongazenza ukuthuthukisa impilo ye-thyroid

Ayikho indlela eqinisekile yomlilo yokuvimbela isifo se-thyroid, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uhlole intamo ekhaya ukusiza ukuveza i-goiter noma i-thyroid nodule, ngokusho kukaDkt Rosenfeld. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubheka isibuko nokubuka intamo engezansi ngenkathi uphuza amanzi. Imininingwane engaphezulu yokuhlolwa kwentamo ingatholakala ku- Ukuqwashisa Ngendlala iwebhusayithi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungahle ube ne-goiter noma i-nodule ye-thyroid, yenza i-aphoyintimenti yokubonana nodokotela wakho khona manjalo bese uzama izindlela ezilandelayo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho yegilo.

1. Imithi yegilo

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unenkinga ye-thyroid, udokotela wakho cishe uzokunikeza imishanguzo ye-thyroid ukusiza ukuphatha lesi simo nokulinganisela amazinga akho e-hormone yegilo. Amanani ajwayelekile we-TSH angama-0.5 kuya ku-5.0 mIU / L, ngokusho kwe- UCLA Impilo . Imithi evame ukubekelwa izinkinga ze-thyroid ihlanganisa:

• I-Synthroid, i-Levoxyl, i-Levothroid, i-Unithroid, i-Tirosint ( lezince )
• I-Cytomel, Triostat ( mthombeni )
• I-Armor Thyroid, i-Nature-Throid, i-Westhroid ( indlala yegilo ichaziwe )
• I-Propylthiouracil (PTU)
• I-Tapazole ( methimazole )

Njengemithi eminingi, imithi ye-thyroid ingadala imiphumela emibi. Ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukushintsha kwesifiso
• Ukuzwela kokushisa noma ukujuluka
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukuzuza
• Ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukulala
• Ukwesaba
• Ubuhlungu bomlenze, ubuhlungu bamalunga noma besisipha
• Uhudo, ukuhlanza, noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Izinguquko kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini

Kufanele ugweme ukuthatha ama-antacids, ama-PPIs (njenge-omeprazole, i-pantoprazole njll), izithasiselo zensimbi, noma izithako ze-calcium kungakapheli amahora amane uthathe imishanguzo yegilo.

2. Ukudla kwegilo

Noma kungekho bufakazi obusekela umbono wokuthi ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba ingashintsha impilo ye-thyroid, abantu abaningi bathi lokhu kudla okulandelayo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-thyroid:

• Imifino yasolwandle, njenge-nori kanye nezitshalo zasolwandle ezidliwayo
• Izengezo zeMaca
• I-chlorophyll, etholakala ezitshalweni ezifana nesipinashi kanye ne-wheatgrass
• Amantongomane aseBrazil
• Imifino yeCruciferous (ukholifulawa, i-broccoli, i-kale, njll.)

Ukunamathela kokudla kwe-thyroid nakho kusho ukuthi kufanele ugweme ukudla okuthile njengokudla kwekotini nama-walnuts. Ukuhamba mahhala nge-gluten nokugwema ukuhlukaniswa kwe-soy protein kungasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, njengoba kungavikela nokudla okuqukethe i-goitrogens, okuyizinto ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid lapho kudliwe ngokweqile.

Ukudla okulinganiselayo nenani elifanele le-iodine kungasiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uhlale uphilile ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ngeke kukusize ukuthi ugweme izingqinamba ze-thyroid.

Ngaphandle kokutholakala kaningi kwi-intanethi, akukho ukudla, isengezo, noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba okungathuthukisa impilo yegilo noma kuvimbele izifo zegilo, kusho uDkt Rosenfeld. Qaphela ukudla okuthandwayo noma izithasiselo ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa impilo yegilo. Okungenani, kungukuchitha imali, kepha futhi kunamandla okuba yingozi. Ukufaka iodine eningi kakhulu, imifino ye-cruciferous, noma izithako ezithile kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.

3. Yazi futhi ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo

Mhlawumbe into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uthuthukise impilo yakho yegilozi, njengoba Inyanga Yokuqwashisa Ngendlala isikhumbuza, ukufunda ngezimpawu nezimpawu zesifo se-thyroid bese uthatha isinyathelo uma usola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle nge-thyroid yakho.

Ukuba yisiguli esinolwazi nokusebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kokubili kubaluleke kakhulu, kusho uNobhala we-American Thyroid Association uJacqueline Jonklaas, MD, Ph.D., uprofesa ophikweni lwe-endocrinology eGeorgetown University. I-American Thyroid Association izibophezele ekwabelaneni ngolwazi olusekelwe ebufakazini emtapweni wethu wezincwadi ze-FAQ nezincwajana ezigulisayo ezitholakala ku- indlala.org .