Imuphi umuthi womkhuhlane ongcono kakhulu?
Imininingwane YezidakamizwaNjengoba umkhuhlane uyigciwane, ukuphumula noketshezi ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela — hhayi ama-antibiotic. Umkhuhlane awulapheki; kodwa-ke, imishanguzo etholakalayo inganciphisa ubude bezimpawu, kusho u-Elizabeth Bald, Pharm.D., uprofesa osizayo (umtholampilo) emnyangweni we-pharmacotherapy e-University of Utah.
Uma uphethwe umkhuhlane, amathuba okuba uhlelo lokwelashwa lomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo luzoncoma kuphela ukuthi uphuze amanzi amaningi futhi uhlale embhedeni. Kodwa-ke, eminye imishanguzo etafuleni kanye nemithi kadokotela inganciphisa izimpawu.
OKUSHIWO: Izimpawu zomkhuhlane 101
Imithi yomkhuhlane ethengiswayo
Ayikho imishanguzo ye-over-the-counter (OTC) ezokwelapha umkhuhlane. Imithi enophawu lokwelashwa kwamakhaza nemikhuhlane ingavele isize ukunciphisa izimpawu ezithile — ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uthola eyodwa ngokukhethekile yezinhlungu ohlangabezana nazo.
Umkhuhlane ungadala izingqinamba ezahlukahlukene, kusuka emphinjeni kuya kwesisu. Uma nje unomkhuhlane, umthamo weTylenol (i-acetaminophen) unganele. Ngokukhwehlela ebusuku ngezinhlungu zomzimba, umuthi wokuhlanganiswa ungenza ubuqili. Uma usendleleni yokululama futhi uzwa nje ukuthi konke kugxishiwe, i-decongestant ingaba yindlela engcono kakhulu.
Kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi imuphi umuthi womkhuhlane ongcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ugula. Sebenzisa leli thebula ukuqhathanisa le mithi ongayithatha ukwelapha izimpawu zakho. Bese uwahlanganisa nokuphumula okuningi namanzi.
| Uphawu | Isigaba sezidakamizwa | Amagama omuthi | Imikhawulo nemiphumela engemihle | Ukonga kwe-SingleCare |
| Imfiva nobuhlungu | Ama-analgesics | ITylenol (i-acetaminophen); I-Motrin, Advil (ibuprofen) | Gwema ukunikeza i-Aspirin izingane ngenxa yengozi ye- Isifo sikaReye . Eminye imishanguzo yenhlanganisela yomkhuhlane iqukethe ne-acetaminophen; qaphela ukuthi ungathathi ngaphezu kuka-4,000 mg we-acetaminophen ngosuku. | Thola isigqebhezana seTylenol Thola isigqebhezana seMotrin Thola isigqebhezana se-Advil |
| Khwehlela | Ukukhwehlela ukucindezela | URobitussin, uRobafen Khwehlela (dextromethorphan) | Ungahlanganisi notshwala. Gwema ukushayela uze wazi ukuthi lo muthi ukuthinta kanjani. Le mithi ingadala ukozela, isiyezi, noma umbono ophuphuthekile. | Thola isigqebhezana |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu | Izindwangu zomqala | I-Cepacol (benzocaine / menthol) | Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kakhulu kungaholela ezinkingeni zesisu noma kuhudo | Thola isigqebhezana |
| Ukucinana kwamakhala noma ikhala eligcwele | Ama-decongestants | I-Sudafed (i-pseudoephedrine); I-PE ehlanjululwe (phenylephrine) | Uma ukhulelwe, noma unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, kufanele uyigweme le mithi. Eminye imishanguzo yokuhlanganiswa nemikhuhlane iqukethe ama-decongestants, qaphela ukuthi ungathathi kakhulu. | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Expectorant (ukukhulula amafinyila) | I-Mucinex (guaifenesin) | I-Mucinex ayisetshenziselwa ukukhulula ukukhwehlela ezimeni zesikhathi eside njenge-asthma, i-emphysema, noma i-bronchitis engapheli. Buza nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma unesi. | Thola isigqebhezana | |
| Iphunga eligijimayo | Ama-antihistamine | I-Benadryl (diphenhydramine); I-Claritin (loratadine) | Le mithi ingadala ukozela. | Thola isigqebhezana seBenadryl Thola isigqebhezana sikaClaritin |
| Isifutho se-steroid nasal | I-Flonase (i-fluticasone propionate) | Izifutho ze-steroid nasal zingadala ukushisa kwamakhala noma ukucasuka. | Thola isigqebhezana | |
| Konke okungenhla | Imithi yokuhlanganiswa | I-Dayquil (i-acetaminophen, i-dextromethorphan, i-phenylephrine); Nyquil (acetaminophen, dextromethorphan, doxylamine); I-Theraflu (i-acetaminophen, i-pheniramine, ne-phenylephrine) | Qaphela ikakhulukazi ngokulinganisa ngemithi yenhlanganisela. Ukuthatha kakhulu i-acetaminophen kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi noma ekufeni. | Thola ikhuphoni le-Dayquil Thola isigqebhezana seNyquil Thola isigqebhezana seTheraflu |
| Uhudo | Ukwehliswa isifo sohudo | Imodium (loperamide); I-Pepto-Bismol, iKaopectate (i-bismuth subsalicylate) | Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma isifo sohudo sithatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 ngenkathi usebenzisa le mithi. I-Bismuth subsalicylate kufanele igwenywe kulabo abanomlando wezinkinga zokopha. Buza nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma unesi. | Thola isigqebhezana se-Imodium Thola isigqebhezana sePepto-Bismol Thola isigqebhezana seKaopectate |
OKUSHIWO: I-Benadryl engazeli-yiziphi izinketho zami?
Imigomo yomkhuhlane
Imithi yokugoma nemithi elwa nemfuluwenza iyatholakala ukuvimbela nokwelapha umkhuhlane.
Ukugoma
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komkhuhlane ukugwema ukuwuthola. Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane umugqa wokuqala obalulekile wokuvikela. Lokhu kugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela wena nabanye emkhuhlaneni, kusho uDkt Bald.
Ukuthola umkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu kulo nyaka njengoba izimpawu zomkhuhlane zingadideka kalula nezimpawu ze-coronavirus, futhi nohlelo lwethu lwezempilo seluvele luthwele kanzima ukunakekela iziguli ezine-COVID-19, kusho uDkt Bald.
OKUSHIWO: Kungani ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili
Amagciwane
Uma usengozini enkulu ye- izinkinga zomkhuhlane , Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (I-CDC) incoma umuthi we-antiviral ukunciphisa ubunzima bezimpawu nobude besikhathi sokugula. Lapho iqaliswa ngokushesha, le mithi elwa namagciwane ikhonjisiwe ukunciphisa isikhathi sezimpawu zomkhuhlane ngengxenye eyodwa kuya kwezinsuku ezintathu, kuchaza uDkt Bald.
OKUSHIWO: Umkhuhlane uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Kunemithi eyisithupha evunyelwe yi-FDA yemithi elwa negciwane enganikezwa umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
| Igama lomuthi | Umthamo ojwayelekile | Ukonga kwe-SingleCare |
| I-Tamiflu (oseltamivir) | 75 mg ngomlomo kabili nsuku zonke izinsuku ezi-5 | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Rapivab (peramivir) | Ukumiliselwa okungu-600 mg IV ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engu-15-30 elawulwa uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo | Thola ikhadi le-Rx |
| I-Relenza (zanamivir) | I-10 mg (i-inhalations emibili ye-5 mg) kabili nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingama-5 | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Xofluza (marboxil) | 40 mg ngomlomo njengomthamo owodwa | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Symmetrel (amantadine) | 200 mg ngomlomo njengomthamo owodwa noma ngemithamo emibili ehlukanisiwe | Thola isigqebhezana |
| I-Flumadine (rimantadine) | I-100 mg ngomlomo kabili nsuku zonke izinsuku eziyi-7 | Thola isigqebhezana |
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nomkhuhlane, isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa ngama-antiviral kungasetshenziswa kwiziguli ezingalali engcupheni uma kuqalwa kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ukuqala kwesifo, kusho uDkt Bald. Imithi ethile elwa namagciwane nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umkhuhlane ezigulini… abebesondelene kakhulu nomuntu onomkhuhlane oqinisekisiwe noma osolwayo emahoreni angama-48 edlule. Ngokwengeziwe, imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane ingaba nezinzuzo ezithile ezigulini ezinokugula okunzima, okuyinkimbinkimbi, noma okuqhubekayo, nasezigulini ezibhedlela noma ngabe ukwelashwa kuqalwa emahoreni angama-48 ngemuva kokuqala kokugula – ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubona udokotela bese uthola uhlelo lokwelashwa kungakhathalekile.
Ngokusobala, alukho uhlelo lokwelashwa olulingana nosayizi owodwa. Icala ngalinye lomkhuhlane lihlukile, kanjalo nohlelo luyadingeka ukulwelapha. UDkt. Bald uchaza ukuthi, ngokujwayelekile, kunconywa i-oseltamivir njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala kweziguli ezisesibhedlela ezinomkhuhlane osolwayo noma oqinisekisiwe, kwabalaliswa ngaphandle abanezinkinga noma izifo eziqhubekayo kanye nomkhuhlane osolwayo noma oqinisekisiwe, kanye neziguli ezincelisayo. UTamiflu kufanele athathwe ukwenza ukugula kube mncane futhi kube kufushane futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga ezimweni ezinzima noma ezinobungozi obukhulu, kusho uDkt Bald.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa emithini yomkhuhlane
Ngoba yonke inkathi yomkhuhlane – nayo yonke imishanguzo yomkhuhlane ihluke kakhulu, kungaba nzima ukuzizwa sengathi unolwazi olwanele olusesikhathini ukwazi ukuthi ungawelapha kanjani umkhuhlane. Kepha kuneminye imininingwane ongaxubha ngayo manje ezokusiza ukuthi uzivikele futhi uhlale uphilile. Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa njalo (nemibono eyiphutha) mayelana nokwelapha umkhuhlane.
Ingabe umkhuhlane uyelapheka?
Imithi ethengiswayo ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu, kepha noma imishanguzo kadokotela yokulwa namagciwane ingalapha umkhuhlane.
Imithi engenhla inganciphisa ubude nobukhulu bomkhuhlane, kepha akuyona ikhambi, kusho UJames Wilk, MD , udokotela wezangaphakathi e-UCHealth Primary Care - eSteele Street eDenver. Ngenhlanhla, umkhuhlane uqhubeka ngaphakathi kwesonto noma amabili.
Yimuphi umuthi omuhle womkhuhlane?
Lo ngumbuzo okhohlisayo ngoba impendulo ingashintsha kabi kuye ngesimo. Okungcono kakhulu kuncike esimweni somtholampilo — noma ngabe isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa kwe-IV noma okuhogelwayo, kusho uDkt. Wilk. Futhi kuya ngobukhona bezinhlobo zomkhuhlane omelana ne-oseltamivir emphakathini. Uma kungekho uhlobo lokumelana, i-oseltamivir iyindlela enhle kakhulu kubantu abaningi.
Ngabe udokotela angakunika okuthile ngomkhuhlane?
Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-COVID-19 (kanye nokufana kwayo nomkhuhlane), odokotela bakhuthaza iziguli ukuthi ziqaphele kakhulu ngezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane kulo nyaka. Kulo nyaka, i-COVID-19 isiphonsa sonke i-curveball, kusho uDkt. Ngoba umkhuhlane ne-COVID-19 kutholakala nezimpawu ezicishe zifane, kubalulekile kunoma ngubani onezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane— imfiva , Ukugodola, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukukhwehlela, ukungazizwa kahle nabanye — ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wabo oyinhloko wokunakekelwa ukuze ahlolwe umkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19 hhayi ukuyilinda ekhaya.
Ngabe i-antibiotic izosebenzela umkhuhlane?
Impendulo emfushane yile: cha.Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yigciwane, kusho uDkt Blad. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi awasebenzi ekwelapheni umkhuhlane.
UDkt. Wilkes uyavuma, futhi uyanezela ukuthi imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane — njengale ebhalwe ngenhla — ingathuthukisa izimpawu futhi yehlise ukuqina nobude besifo somkhuhlane.
Ngabe iTamiflu ikufanele ukuthatha?
Kungaba njalo. Abantu abaningi abayidingi imithi uma bethola umkhuhlane; kodwa-ke, uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu, ugula kakhulu, noma ukhathazekile ngokugula kwakho, imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane (kufaka neTamiflu) kufanele uyithathe ukwenza ukugula kube mncane futhi kube kufushane futhi kunciphise ubungozi bezinkinga. Futhi kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho uTamiflukusebenza kahle kakhulu uma uqala ukuyithatha kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ukuqala kwezimpawu, yingakho ukufuna usizo lwezempilo kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka, kusho uDkt. Wilkes.
OKUSHIWO: Ngabe iTamiflu iphephile?
Kwenzekani uma umkhuhlane ungelashwa?
Umkhuhlane uvame ukuzixazululela wedwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-14, kepha abanye abantu baba nokugula okunzima kakhulu. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi belulama ngokungenakuhlukaniswa, abantu abaningi baba ne-pneumonia ngemuva kwalokho futhi abambalwa baba nezinkinga zenhliziyo noma izinkinga zemizwa, njenge-Guillain-Barre syndrome, kuchaza uDkt. Wilks. Abantu baseMelika abangaba ngu-30 000 kuya ku-50 000 bafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Ukwelashwa nge-oseltamivir noma ezinye izidakamizwa kunganciphisa ubungozi bokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa.
