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Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathathelana?

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathathelana?Imfundo Yezempilo

I-pneumonia yisifo esithinta amaphaphu. Ukuphefumula kuba nzima kumuntu othelelekile one-pneumonia ngoba izikhwama zomoya emaphashini, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-alveoli, ziqala ukugcwalisa uketshezi. I-pneumonia ingasongela impilo. Cishe abantu abangama-50 000 e-US bayabulawa yilesi sifo minyaka yonke, ngokusho kuka Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (I-CDC). Noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okuphefumulayo kungabhekisa, ikakhulukazi ngokusongela okuzayo kwe-coronavirus. Kodwa ingabe inyumoniya iyathathelana? Funda ukuze ufunde ukuthi ngubani osengozini yokuthola i-pneumonia nokuthi angakuvimbela kanjani ukuthi kungasakazeki.





Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-pneumonia?

Izimpawu zenyumoniya zingavela kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokutheleleka noma zize kancane. Izimpawu ezivamile ze-pneumonia kwesinye isikhathi zifana nezimpawu ezibandayo noma zomkhuhlane kufaka phakathi ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane nenkinga yokuphefumula.



Ukukhwehlela ngokwayo ingaba manzi noma ikhiqize, okusho ukuthi ukhwehlela isikhwehlela esiphuzi, esiluhlaza, noma esinsundu emaphashini. I-Hemoptysis (ukukhwehlela igazi, amafinyila anegazi, noma i-phlegm) futhi ukukhwehlela ebusuku kungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi se-pneumonia.

Umkhuhlane omkhulu , ngaphezulu kwama-degree angu-105, kungaba ukusabela emzimbeni olwa nokutheleleka okuhambisana nenyumoniya. Uma uphethwe umkhuhlane, ungaba nokugodola, ukujuluka nokuqhaqhazela.

Kunzima ukuphefumula ungazizwa uphelelwa umoya, noma uzizwe sengathi awukwazi ukubamba umoya wakho. Izinhlungu zesifuba, kufaka phakathi imizwa ebukhali noma yokugwaza lapho ukhwehlela noma uzama ukuphefumula kakhulu, zivamile lapho i-pneumonia iqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cyanosis (i-oxygen ephansi egazini) kungenzeka, idale izindebe zakho, izinzipho zomunwe, noma isikhumba siphenduke sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo.



Izimpawu ezingeziwe ze-pneumonia zingabandakanya ukulahlekelwa ukudla, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathathelana?

Kunezimbangela ezingaphezu kwe-30 zenyumoniya. Umkhuhlane kanye negciwane lokuphefumula le-syncytial virus (RSV) yizimbangela ezivame kakhulu zenyumoniya e-United States, ngokusho kwe i-CDC . Izinhlobo zebacteria kanye ne-viral pneumonia ziyathathelana. Kodwa-ke, i-pneumonia ebangelwa ukuhogela i-irritants yamakhemikhali, isikhunta, noma i-aspiration pneumonia (ukuhogela ukudla noma uketshezi) ayithelelani.

Izinhlobo ezithathelwanayo ze-pneumonia zidluliselwa zisuka kumuntu ziye komunye ngezinhlayiya ezisemoyeni. Ukukhwehlela nokuthimula emoyeni kungangcolisa omunye umuntu ngqo. Kuyafana nokusabalala kwe- umkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, ne-COVID-19 , izinhlayiya ezisemoyeni zingahlala ngaphezulu bese zithelele umuntu ngokungaqondile. I-pneumonia yokuhamba kungenye indlela yokuchaza i-pneumonia emnene engazizwa ifana nokubanda kwesifuba. Uma uthelelekile, noma ngabe awunazimpawu, usengasabalalisa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya angadala inyumoniya.



I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya

Amanye amabhaktheriya athelelana kakhulu kunamanye. I-Mycobacterium ne-mycoplasma zaziwa ngokuthi zingasakazeka kalula kanjani. Izimbangela ze-Streptococcus pneumoniae amacala amaningi we-pneumonia yebhaktheriya. Lesi sifo sokuphefumula siyathathelana futhi kungenzeka sithinte abantu abadala kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle.

Ama-bacterium angathola indlela eya emaphashini futhi abangele ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphefumula, abahlushwa ezinye izifo, noma abalaliswe esibhedlela. I-pneumonia etholwa yisibhedlela yenzeka lapho abantu asebevele begula bethola inyumoniya ngenkathi belashwa esibhedlela.

OKUSHIWO: I-FDA igunyaza i-Xenleta ukwelapha i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya



I-pneumonia yegciwane

I-pneumonia yegciwane nayo iyathathelana. Umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane kuyimbangela ejwayelekile ye-pneumonia yegciwane kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, igciwane lokuphefumula le-syncytial (RSV), Ama-coronavirus (I-COVID-19 imane nje iyinhlobo eyodwa yama-coronaviruses amaningi), kanti umkhuhlane ovamile nawo ungadala inyumoniya. Ngaphezu kokuqoqwa kuketshezi emaphashini, izicubu zamaphaphu ziyavuvukala futhi zicasuke ngezinyumoniya eziningi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-pneumonia?

Amacala we-pneumonia angaba mncane kuya kokubi futhi aze asongele nokuphila, kuya ngesimo sakho somzimba nohlobo lwe-pneumonia onayo. Noma ngubani — omncane noma omdala — angathola lesi simo sokuphefumula. La maqembu alandelayo athinteka kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni inyumoniya:



  • Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
  • Iziguli ezinesifo sokuphefumula esivele sikhona, njenge-COPD noma i-asthma
  • Abantu abanezinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo, njengesifo senhliziyo noma i-HIV / AIDS
  • Labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengeziguli ezelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ezilulwayo lapho zihlinzwa, ezidla imishanguzo yokuzivikela, noma eziphefumulela umoya
  • Abantu abanempilo ebuthaka jikelele
  • Abantu ababhemayo noma abaphuza kakhulu utshwala

Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha angahlola i-pneumonia ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma i-X-ray yesifuba futhi nikeza imithi njengoba kudingeka.

Ngokuvamile, izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuthola inyumoniya kunabantu abadala. I-pneumonia iyimbangela eyodwa yokufa kwezingane emhlabeni. Yize amanani okufa kwezingane avela pneumonia anciphe kakhulu eMelika ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okutholakalayo, inyumoniya yisona sizathu sokuqala esenza izingane zilaliswe esibhedlela e-United States. Izingane ezineminyaka engu-5 ubudala nangaphansi zisengozini enkulu yokuba nenyumoniya kunezingane ezindala.



Inyumoniya ithelelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi esimaphakathi umuntu athelelelana ngaso inyumoniya cishe izinsuku eziyi-10. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo ze-pneumonia (ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia ehambisana nesifo sofuba) zingathathelana amasonto ambalwa, kuya ngohlobo lwe-pneumonia kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa okunconywayo.

Ama-antibiotic angakunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusabalala kwamaphaphu omkhuhlane we-pneumonia. Ngemuva kokuqala ama-antibiotic, umuntu usathathelana ngamanye amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48. Lapho nje umkhuhlane ohambisana nokugula usuphelile, inyumoniya mancane amathuba okuthi itheleleke. Ukukhwehlela kungaqhubeka amasonto ambalwa ngenxa yokuvuvukala okuhlala isikhathi eside, nangemva kokwelashwa okusebenzayo.



Amakhambi asekhaya njengokusebenzisa uju ukudambisa ukukhwehlela futhi zinc ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-pneumonia yegciwane, kungaba ngamathuluzi awusizo, ngokusho kwe- UKate Tulenko , MD, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO yeCorvus Health.

Ukuthola ukwelashwa kunganciphisa isikhathi sokugula kanye nengozi yokukusabalalisa kwabanye abantu. Uma umkhuhlane wakho ubuya noma uma izimpawu eziqhubekayo zihluleka ukuhamba, cela iseluleko kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ungayivimbela kanjani inyumoniya

Eminye iminyumpaya ivikeleka. Ukugoma ayatholakala ukuvimbela inyumoniya ebangelwa amanye amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Futhi, ukuphila impilo enempilo ngokudla ukudla okunomsoco nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-pneumonia. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kungakhuphula impilo yamaphaphu nokumelana nezifo.

Indlela yokuphila enempilo ifaka nokugwema ukubhema nokuphuza kakhulu utshwala ukusiza ukugcina amasosha omzimba ephilile. Ukuthola ukuphumula nokuphuza amanzi amaningi kungenye indlela yokusiza ukuvikela izifo ezifana nenyumoniya.

Ukuzijwayeza ukuhlanza izandla kunganciphisa nokuchayeka kwakho kumagciwane angadala inyumoniya, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokubanda neyomkhuhlane. Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, yenza okusemandleni akho ukwenza lokho esikhunjeni esilahlwayo noma endololwaneni yomkhono wakho, kulandele ukugeza izandla. Qiniseka ukuthi ubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa njalo ezinjengezingcingo, imiphezulu yamaphepha, nezinti zeminyango ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane angadala inyumoniya.

Okokugcina, uma abantu emphakathini wakho begula, yenza konke okusemandleni ukuzijwayeza ukuziqhelelanisa nomphakathi lapho kungenzeka. Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kubhaktheriya nakwigciwane ngenkathi uphila impilo enempilo futhi esebenzayo kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo.