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Izibalo zesifo sikashukela 2021

Izindaba

Isifo sikashukela iqoqo lezifo elibonakala nge-glucose ephakeme yegazi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesifo sikashukela, kodwa ngasinye sihilela ukungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa i-glucose ngamandla. Ngeshwa, isifo sikashukela siyanda eMelika nasemhlabeni jikelele. Kwande kangakanani? Funda izibalo namaqiniso esifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke nase-U.S.

Siyini isifo sikashukela?

I-glucose yingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke. Imizimba yethu iyisebenzisela amandla, kepha lokho kudinga i-hormone ebizwa nge-insulin, ekhiqizwa amanyikwe. I-insulini ifana netekisi likashukela egazini — ithatha ushukela egazini iwuqondise kumaseli ethu, aqeda umsebenzi ngokuwuguqula ube ngamandla. Lapho othile enesifo sikashukela, umzimba wakhe awukwazi ukukhiqiza noma ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngempumelelo, okushiya i-glucose eningi egazini labo.

OKUSHIWO: Ibiza malini i-insulin?

Sivame kangakanani isifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela singesinye sezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Yande kangakanani? Ake sibheke:

Ngo-1980, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-108 emhlabeni wonke babenesifo sikashukela. Ngo-2014, lelo nani lase likhuphuke laba yizigidi ezingama-422. (Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba [WHO], 2020)
Abantu abadala abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-700 emhlabeni wonke bazobe benesifo sikashukela ngonyaka ka-2045. (International Diabetes Federation [IDF], 2020)
I-China inesibalo esiphezulu sama-akhawunti esifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke, nabantu abayizigidi eziyi-116 abanesifo sikashukela. Ukulandela iChina yiNdiya (abantu abayizigidi ezingama-77 abanesifo sikashukela) bese kuthi iMelika (abantu abayizigidi ezingama-31 abanesifo sikashukela). (I-IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2019)

Izibalo zesifo sikashukela eMelika

Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-34 banesifo sikashukela, okucishe kube ngu-11% wabantu base-U.S. (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo [CDC], 2020)
Njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-17, owaseMelika utholakala enesifo sikashukela. ( I-American Journal Yokunakekelwa Okuphethwe, 2018)
Kunezigameko ezintsha zesifo sikashukela e-United States unyaka ngamunye. (I-American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2020)

Izibalo zesifo sikashukela ngombuso

Izifundazwe ezinamaphesenti aphakeme kakhulu abantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela esitholakele yilezi:

ENtshonalanga Virginia (15.7%)
I-Mississippi (14.8%)
I-Alabama (14%)
I-Tennessee (13.8%)
I-Arkansas (13.6%)
INingizimu Carolina (13.4%)
I-Kentucky (13.3%)
Isifunda saseColumbia (12.8%)
ILouisiana (14.1%)
I-Texas (12.6%)
I-Indiana (12.4%)

Izifundazwe ezinamaphesenti aphansi kakhulu kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela esitholakele yilezi:

IColorado (7%)
I-Alaska (7.3%)
I-Montana (7.6%)
I-Wyoming (7.8%)
I-Utah (8%)
EMassachusetts (8.4%)
I-Oregon (8.6%)
I-Wisconsin (8.7%)
I-Vermont (8.7%)
I-Delaware (8.7%)

(Isimo Sokukhuluphala Kwezingane *, 2020)
* Izibalo ezamacala abantu abadala, ezavuselelwa ngoSepthemba 2020

Izibalo zesifo sikashukela ngohlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezine zesifo sikashukela:

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala: Ukuhlaselwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamaseli e-pancreas kuyawavimbela ekudaleni i-insulin, ngakho-ke abantu abanohlobo 1 badinga ukuthatha isibhamu se-insulin nsuku zonke. Ezimweni eziningi, kutholakala isifo sikashukela soHlobo 1 izingane nentsha, kepha ingabonakala nakubantu abadala.
Thayipha 2 sikashukela: Abantu abane-Type 2 bangakhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa imizimba yabo iyamelana nayo. Lapho ushukela wegazi uhlale uphakeme, amanyikwe aqhubeka ngokukhipha i-insulin, futhi ekugcineni, amaseli avezwa ngokweqile. Uhlobo lwe-2 luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela futhi esivame ukukhula kubantu abadala; kodwa-ke, izinga lohlobo 2 likashukela ezinganeni kuyanda .
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa: Lolu hlobo lwenzeka kuphela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe futhi luvame ukuhamba emva kokubeletha; kodwa, uhhafu wabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bazoba nohlobo 2 sikashukela kamuva empilweni. Ukwelashwa kufaka uhlelo lokuvivinya olunconywe udokotela nohlelo lokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka ukuhlolwa kweglucose egazini nsuku zonke nemijovo ye-insulin.
Isithako sikashukela: I-Prediabetes ayisona isifo sikashukela ngokwezobuchwepheshe. Kufana nesandulela. Iglucose yegazi lomuntu we-prediabetic ngokungaguquki ingaphezu kwesilinganiso, kodwa ayiphezulu kangako ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela ngokugcwele. Abantu abane-prediabetes kungasiza ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 ngokusebenzisa ukudla okunempilo, ukukhuphula umsebenzi womzimba, kanye nokuphathwa kwengcindezi.

Nakhu ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame kangakanani:

Kubantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-34.2 base-US abanesifo sikashukela, cishe izigidi eziyizigidi ezingama-7.3 zazo azitholakali. (I-ADA, 2020)
Abantu abadala abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-88 bane-prediabetes, u-34.5% wabantu abadala base-U.S. (CDC, 2020)
Cishe ama-7% wabesifazane abakhulelwe baba nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. (Mashi weDimes, 2019)
Isigamu sabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sizoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sangaphambilini. (CDC, 2019)
Abantu baseMelika abayizigidi eziyi-1,6 bane-Type 1 diabetes, ebandakanya izingane nentsha engu-187,000. (I-ADA, 2020)
Cishe ama-90% kuya kuma-95% awo wonke amacala esifo sikashukela ase-US ayi-Type 2. (CDC, 2019)

Izibalo zesifo sikashukela ngokweminyaka

Kunokwanda okukhulu kwesifo sikashukela phakathi kwamaqembu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2, oluthatha isikhathi eside ukuthuthuka.

KwabaseMelika abanesifo sikashukela esitholakele, abayizigidi ezingama-3.6 baneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-44 ubudala, abayizigidi eziyi-11.7 baneminyaka engama-45 kuya kwengama-64 ubudala, kanti abayizigidi eziyi-11.5 bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. (CDC, 2020)
Kunamacala angama-210,000 okutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela phakathi kwezingane nentsha engaphansi kweminyaka engama-20, kufaka phakathi amacala ayi-187,000 ohlobo 1 sikashukela. (CDC, 2020)
KwabaseMelika abanesifo sikashukela esingatholakali, abayizigidi eziyi-1.4 bangama-18 kuye kwangama-44, abayizigidi ezingama-3.1 bangama-45 kuye kwangama-64, kanti abayizigidi ezingama-2.9 bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. (CDC, 2020)
Cishe abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-24.2 abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu bane-prediabetes. (CDC, 2020)

Izibalo zesifo sikashukela ngokohlanga nangobuhlanga

Ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela nakho kuyehluka phakathi kwamaqembu ehlukene ezinhlanga nezinhlanga. Nakhu ukuthi iphesenti lesifo sikashukela esitholakele lehla kanjani:

AmaNdiya aseMelika / ama-Alaska: 14.7%
AmaSpanishi: 12.5%
Abamnyama abangewona amaSpanishi: 11.7%
Abantu base-Asia baseMelika: 9.2%
Abamhlophe abangewona amaSpanishi: 7.5%

(I-ADA, 2020)

Futhi inani labantu abane-prediabetes etholakele limi ngokulandelayo:

Abamhlophe abangewona amaSpanishi: izigidi ezingama-54.8
AmaSpanishi: izigidi eziyi-14.6
Abangewona amaSpanishi Abamnyama: 11.4 million
Abase-Asia-baseMelika: 5 million

(CDC, 2020)

Izinkinga ezivamile zesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela akusona isifo esiqeda amandla. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela basengayenza yonke imisebenzi abayithandayo, inqobo nje uma begcina impilo enempilo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlala nesifo sikashukela kuyinselele yansuku zonke, kusho USharita E.Warfield, MD , udokotela wezokwelapha eziphuthumayo oqinisekiswe yibhodi kanye nomsunguli kanye ne-CEO yeWarfield Medical Group. [Umuntu] anganquma ukuhlangabezana nenselelo ngqo futhi enze indlela yokuphila edingekayo kanye nezinguquko ekudleni noma aqhubeke nokuphila futhi adle ngendlela abanayo ngoba abazizwa kabi.

Labo abathatha isinqumo sokwenza izinguquko kufanele babuze imibuzo efana nokuthi, Ingabe ama-carbs amaningi kakhulu njalo? Unayo ushukela? Ngabe ngithola i-fiber eyanele? Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele babone ukuthi bangangeza kanjani ekusebenzeni komzimba, izindlela zokuphazamisa, nokuthi bangazigwema kanjani izinto ezinobuthi njengezidakamizwa noma utshwala noma izinto ezinoshukela abaningi abaphendukela kuzo ukuze bathole induduzo. Akugcini lapho, kepha umuntu ophila nesifo sikashukela kufanele futhi akhumbule ukuphuza i-insulin, amaphilisi omlomo, noma kokubili, futhi ahlole amazinga kashukela egazini nsuku zonke. Kungabonakala njengomsebenzi omningi, kepha ezinye izindlela ziyasangulukisa. Isifo sikashukela singadala ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ezinjengalezi ezilandelayo:

Oyedwa kwabangu-5 abaphendulile ocwaningweni babike ukuthi izimpawu zabo zehlisa izinga labo lempilo. Laba abaphendulile baphinde babika ukuthi banesifo sezinso nesifo esingesona esinoshukela esinamafutha. (I-SingleCare, 2020)
Ku-2017, isifo sikashukela sasiyimbangela yesikhombisa yokufa yaseMelika. Kubhalwe ukuthi yimbangela eyinhloko yokufa kwezitifiketi zokushona ezingama-83,564 futhi kubalulwe kuzitifiketi ezingama-270,702 sezizonke. (I-ADA, 2020)
Abantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba aphindwe kabili kuya kwamathathu engcupheni yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. (WHO, 2020)
Kwakukhona ukuvakashelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthumayo okuhlobene nesifo sikashukela ngo-2016 phakathi kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu. (CDC, 2020)
Bekukhishwe izibhedlela ezingu-7.8 million ezinesifo sikashukela ezibikwe njengezifo. Kulokhu kukhishwa, izigidi eziyi-1.7 ziphinde zabala isifo esikhulu senhliziyo, kufaka phakathi izifo zenhliziyo ezingama-438,000 nezinhlangothi ezingama-313,000. (CDC, 2020)
Kubantu abadala base-US abaneminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu abanesifo sikashukela esitholakele, abalinganiselwa kuma-37% nabo babenesifo esingapheliyo sezinso. (CDC, 2020)
I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela (ukulimala kwesikhathi eside emithanjeni yegazi e-retinal) kubangela ukulahleka kombono okungu-2.6% emhlabeni jikelele. (WHO, 2020)
U-85% wokunqunywa unyawo emhlabeni kungumphumela wesilonda unyawo sikashukela. ( I-American Journal Yokunakekelwa Okuphethwe, 2018)
Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banamathuba aphindwe kane kunabamhlophe okuthi banqunywe isithupha esihlobene nesifo sikashukela. ( I-American Journal Yokunakekelwa Okuphethwe, 2018)
Nsuku zonke, abantu baseMelika abangama-230 abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukunqunywa. ( I-American Journal Yokunakekelwa Okuphethwe, 2018)

OKUSHIWO: Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela nemithi

Izindleko zesifo sikashukela

Ku-2020, ama-54% wabaphenduli bocwaningo akhokhelwe ephaketheni ngakho konke ukunakekelwa kwabo yisifo sikashukela. (I-SingleCare, 2020)
Izindleko ezilinganisiwe zika-2017 zesifo sikashukela esatholakala e-U.S. Zazingama- $ 327 billion. (I-ADA, 2020)
Kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2017, abantu abanesifo sikashukela babone izindleko zabo zokwelashwa ngokweqile zikhuphuka zisuka ku- $ 8,417 ziye ku- $ 9,601. (CDC, 2020)
Idola elilodwa kwezingu-4 zokunakekelwa kwezempilo elisetshenziswe e-U.S. Ngelokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela. (ADA, 2018)
Ngokwesilinganiso, izindleko zokwelashwa zabantu abanesifo sikashukela ziphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili kunalokho obekuzoba khona uma bengenaso isifo sikashukela. (I-ADA, 2020)

OKUSHIWO: Ungakuthola kanjani okokuhlinzeka kwamahhala ngesifo sikashukela

Ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela

Uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela lusakazeke ngendlela emangalisayo, kepha izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi lungavikeleka (futhi ama-prediabetes angabuyiselwa emuva ). Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukugcina kungukuphila ngokuphila impilo enempilo, okusho ukudla okunomsoco nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo.

Isifo sikashukela singakhuphula ingozi yokuwa komuntu. Umuntu omdala onesifo sikashukela oneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 unamathuba aphindwe kayi-17 okuwela kunomuntu omdala omncane ongenaso isifo sikashukela. (UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 2017) Ukuzivocavoca kweqembu kunganciphisa ukuwa ngama-28% kuye kuma-29%. ( Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela, 2016)
Abantu abalahlekelwe yi-5% kuya ku-7% isisindo somzimba futhi bangeza imizuzu engu-150 yokuzivocavoca ngeviki banciphise amathuba abo okuba nesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2 kuze kufike kuma-58%, kuze kufike kuma-71% kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60. )
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba (usebenzisa izisindo zamahhala, imishini yesisindo, amabhande wokumelana, njll.) Kwandise amandla kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2 ngo-50% kanye nokwenza ngcono i-A1C ngo-0.57%. ( Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela, 2016)
Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela abazivocavoca okungenani amahora amane ngesonto babenobungozi obuphansi ngama-40% bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kunalabo abangazivocavoci. (IHarvard)

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi azinakugwenywa, kodwa ezinye azinjalo. Ukuzibophezela emikhubeni enempilo kuzosiza ukukhipha iningi lazo. Ngawodwana, abantu bangavimbela noma bandise ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela noma Uhlobo 2 sikashukela ngokugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, nokusebenzisa imizuzu eyi-150 kuye kwangama-300 ngeviki lokuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene, kusho uDkt.Warfield. Ukwamukela lezi zinguquko zokuziphatha zisencane kusiza ukwenza ngcono izinga lempilo futhi kuvimbele ukuqala kwama-prediabetes, okugcina kuholele ku-Type 2 diabetes uma kungenziwa lutho.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ngesifo sikashukela

Bangaki abantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Ngokwe-CDC, abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-463 banesifo sikashukela emhlabeni jikelele. E-United States kuphela, abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-34.2 banesifo sikashukela, u-10.5% wabantu.

Yisiphi isibalo sabantu esinezinga eliphakeme lesifo sikashukela?

E-U.S., AmaNdiya aseMelika / ama-Alaska aboMdabu banezinga eliphakeme lesifo sikashukela ku-14.7%, ngokusho kwe-ADA.

Ingabe izigameko zesifo sikashukela ziyanda?

Phakathi kuka-1990 no-2010, inani labantu abaphila nesifo sikashukela liphindwe kathathu futhi inani lamacala amasha ngonyaka liphindwe kabili. Ithimba labacwaningi e-Institute for Alternative Futures ibikezela inani eliphelele labantu baseMelika abanesifo sikashukela (kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela esitholakele nesingatholakali) lizokhuphuka lisuka kwizigidi ezingama-35.6 ngonyaka wezi-2015 laya ezigidini ezingama-54.9 ngonyaka wezi-2030.

Yiziphi ezinye izibalo zezingane zesifo sikashukela?

Esaziwa kakhulu njenge-Type 1 diabetes, isifo sikashukela sentsha sitholakala ezinganeni futhi silawulwa ama-insulin shots nsuku zonke. Cishe abantu baseMelika abayizigidi eziyi-1,6 bane-Type 1 diabetes, kufaka phakathi intsha engama-200,000, futhi cishe kunamacala amasha angama-64,000 ngonyaka. Ngokusho kwe-JDRF, phakathi kuka-2001 no-2009, kube nokwenyuka okungama-21% kwesifo sikashukela soHlobo 1 kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-20.

Yimaphi amaphesenti abantu abanesifo sikashukela abane-Type 2 diabetes?

Iningi (90% kuya ku-95%) labantu abanesifo sikashukela bane-Type 2 diabetes.

Bafa kanjani abantu ngenxa yesifo sikashukela?

Abantu abavamile ukubulawa yisifo sikashukela ngqo. Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela afe ngenxa yezinkinga nezinye izitho zomzimba. Isibonelo, ushukela ophakeme wegazi ungalimaza izinso isikhathi eside, okuholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Futhi njengoba isifo sikashukela sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zenhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi kungezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zokufa kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ezimweni ezingavamile zesifo sikashukela soHlobo 1, isimo esibizwa nge-diabetic ketoacidosis (amazinga aphezulu eglucose egazi) singadala ukufa okungazelelwe.

Bangaki abantu ababulawa yisifo sikashukela unyaka nonyaka?

Isifo sikashukela sabangela ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-4.2 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka wezi-2019. Abantu base-U.S., Abantu abangu-83,564 babulawa yizifo zikashukela ngo-2017.

Bangaki abantu ababikezelwa ukuthi bazoba nesifo sikashukela ngokuzayo?

I-IDF ibikezela ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-700 emhlabeni wonke bazoba nesifo sikashukela ngo-2045.

Ucwaningo lwesifo sikashukela

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kukhombisa izimpawu zempilo ephansi ezigulini ezi-1 kwezi-5 , Ukunakekelwa
Atlas sikashukela IDF , IDF
Idatha yesifo sikashukela kanye nezibalo , I-CDC
Umbiko kazwelonke wezibalo zesifo sikashukela , I-CDC
Thayipha 2 sikashukela , I-CDC
Inani labantu baseMelika abanesifo sikashukela okulindeleke ukuba liphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngo-2050 , I-CDC
Izibalo zesifo sikashukela , Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zezempilo
Izibalo ngesifo sikashukela , NAKHU
Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa , Mashi weDimes
Isifo sikashukela e-United States , Isimo Sokukhuluphala Kwezingane
Ukwandisa ulwazi ngale Nyanga Kazwelonke Yesifo Sikashukela kungasindisa izitho nezimpilo , I-American Journal Yokunakekelwa Okuphethwe
Izindleko zezomnotho zesifo sikashukela e-U.S. Ngo-2017 , Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela ngu-ADA
Isifo sikashukela , I-WHO
Amaqiniso nezibalo zesifo sikashukela , IDF
Thayipha amaqiniso 1 esifo sikashukela , I-JDRF (eyayaziwa ngeJuvenile Diabetes Research Foundation)
Ukubaluleka kokuvivinya umzimba uma unesifo sikashukela , EHarvard
Kungani isifo sikashukela siphakamisa ingozi yokuwa , UC Berkeley School of Health Public
Ukubamba iqhaza , Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokuvimbela Isifo Sikashukela
Ukuvivinya umzimba / ukuzivocavoca kanye nesifo sikashukela , Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela ngu-ADA

Izibalo zesifo sikashukela 2021

Siyini isifo sikashukela?