Main >> Izindaba >> Izibalo zezempilo yengqondo 2021

Izibalo zezempilo yengqondo 2021

Izindaba

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuthinta i-13% yabantu emhlabeni. Leyo nombolo ingakhuphuka njengoba abantu emhlabeni wonke bekhosele endaweni futhi bazijwayeze kokujwayelekile okusha phakathi kwesifo se-coronavirus. Ocwaningweni lwethu lukazwelonke ku impilo yengqondo kanye ne-coronavirus , sithole ukuthi ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 luthinte impilo yengqondo yabantu abangama-59% e-United States. Ukuqeda ukucwaswa okuzungeze ukugula kwengqondo kubalulekile manje kunanini ngaphambili. Izibalo ezilandelayo zempilo yengqondo zikhombisa ubukhulu nomthelela wokugula kwengqondo.

Kuyini ukugula ngengqondo?

Isifo sengqondo sinezigaba ezimbili — lezo ezine- noma yikuphi ukugula ngengqondo (AMI) nalabo abane ukugula okungathi sína kwengqondo (SMI) , yize lokhu kungavumelani.

I-AMI ichazwa yi-Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association (i-SAMHSA) njenganoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngokomzwelo, noma kokuziphatha okuhlangabezane ne-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, i-4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Umuntu one-AMI uchazwa njenge-SMI yi-SAMHSA uma ukugula kwakhe kuphazamisa kakhulu noma kukhawula umsebenzi owodwa noma eminingi yokuphila.

Ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo zifaka:

Ukukhathazeka: Izinkinga zokukhathazeka zibonakaliswa ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo, ukwesaba, kanye nengcindezi ephazamisa impilo yomuntu yansuku zonke.
Ukudangala: Imizwa ephansi eqhubekayo, ukukhathala, nokudabuka okujulile yizimpawu ezivelele zokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa: Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kotshwala kanye / noma izidakamizwa eziphazamisa ukusebenza komuntu empilweni yansuku zonke.
Isifo se-bipolar: Isifo se-bipolar siqukethe ukushintsha okukhulu kwezimo zokudangala noma eziphansi kanye nezimo eziphakeme zomuntu ezingadlula amasonto amade.
I-Schizophrenia: ISchizophrenia yisifo esingamahlalakhona futhi esibi sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esithinta imicabango yomuntu, imizwa yakhe nokuziphatha kwakhe
Izinkinga zokudla: Izinkinga zokudla yizifo ezithinta ubudlelwane bomuntu ngokudla nangesimo somzimba.
Isifo se-Obsessive-compulsive (OCD): I-OCD yisifo sokukhathazeka esingapheli, esihlala isikhathi eside lapho umuntu ehlangabezana nemicabango engacabangi, engalawuleki, ephindaphindwayo elandelwa impendulo yokuziphatha.
Isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD): I-PTSD ukuphazamiseka lokho kukhula kwabanye abaye babhekana nesenzakalo esishaqisayo noma esiyingozi futhi ngibe nobunzima bokululama ekuhlukumezeni okwenziwe ngumcimbi.

Kuvame kangakanani ukugula ngengqondo?

Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-970 emhlabeni jikelele banenkinga yempilo yengqondo noma yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. (Umhlaba wethu kuDatha, 2018)
Ukukhathazeka yisifo esihlasela kakhulu ngengqondo emhlabeni, esithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-284. (Umhlaba wethu kuDatha, 2018)
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukugula ngengqondo kuthinta abesifazane abaningi (11.9%) kunabesilisa (9.3%). (Umhlaba wethu kuDatha, 2018)
Ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala, i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, ne-dysthymia (ukucindezela okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo) kubonwe njengezimbangela eziholela ekukhubazekeni e-U.S. (I-US Burden of Disease Collaborators, 2013)
Izinga lokushona lalabo abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo liphakeme kakhulu kunabantu abaningi, ngokulahleka kwesikhathi esiphakathi kweminyaka engu-10.1. ( I-JAMA Psychiatry, 2015)
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangelwa ukufa kwabantu abangu-14.3% emhlabeni jikelele, noma ukufa kwabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyisishiyagalombili unyaka ngamunye. ( I-JAMA Psychiatry, 2015)

OKUSHIWO:

Izibalo zezempilo yengqondo emhlabeni wonke

Ukukhathazeka kuthinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-284 emhlabeni.
Ukudangala kuthinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-264.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kotshwala kuthinta abantu abayizigidi eziyi-107.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kuthinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-71.
Isifo se-bipolar sithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-46.
ISchizophrenia ithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-20.
Ukuphazamiseka kokudla kuthinta abantu abayizigidi eziyi-16.

Umhlaba wethu kuDatha, i-2018

Izibalo zezempilo yengqondo eU.S.

Ngaphezu kwekota (26.3%) yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-25 ubudala babenokugula kwengqondo ngo-2018.
Cishe i-8% yabantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuye kwengama-25 ubudala babenesifo sengqondo esibi ngo-2018.
Izinkinga zokukhathazeka zithinta abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-40 e-U.S. (I-18.1% yabantu) okwenza kube ukugula kwengqondo okuvame kakhulu. (Inhlangano Yokukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka YaseMelika)
Izinga labantu abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-25 ubudala ababike izimpawu ezihambisana nokudangala okukhulu lenyuke ngama-63% kusuka ngo-2009 kuya ku-2017. (I-American Psychological Association, 2019)

(SAMHSA, 2018)

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

Ukwelashwa kwezempilo yengqondo kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Labo abafuna ukwelashwa kufanele babonane nodokotela wezempilo noma wezengqondo ukuze baxoxe ngezinhlobo zokwelashwa nemithi ebalungele kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kungabiza, izindleko zokwelashwa nemithi zikhulisa izinkulungwane zamaRandi. I-U.S. Yachitha $ 187.8 billion ezimeni zempilo yengqondo kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngonyaka wezi-2013. Amashumi ayisikhombisa ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zaleyo ndleko asetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukucindezeleka kuphela.

Ngokuya nge- ucwaningo olushicilelwe yiLancet Psychiatry , izindleko eziphelele zokwelashwa kwezinkinga zokukhathazeka nokudangala emazweni angama-36 emhlabeni wonke zilinganiselwa ku- $ 147 billion ngonyaka ka-2030. Lezindleko zizokhiqiza inzuzo ephelele, ngokuya ngokuthuthuka okulinganiselwe nokwenziwe ngesilinganiso esingu-5% ekukhiqizeni umsebenzi okuholele emnothweni wezomnotho ongu- $ 399 billion inzuzo.

Ngabe umshuwalense ufaka izinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo?

Zonke izinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo eMakethe zimboza izinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo nezokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ngokusho kuka ezempilo.gov . Lezi zinsizakalo zifaka ukwelashwa kwengqondo, ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo, izinsizakalo zeziguli, kanye nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa. Ngokwengeziwe, izinhlelo zeMakethe azikwazi ukukuphika ukumbozwa kokuba nesimo esivele sikhona sempilo yengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Medicaid kungukukhokha okukodwa okukhulu kunakho konke kwezinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo e-United States.

Ngokuya kokutholakala kweMedicare, iMedicare Part A ihlanganisa ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, kanti iMedicare B ihlanganisa ukuvakashelwa kwezempilo yengqondo. Nalu uhlu oluphelele lwezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe .

TO funda okwenziwa ngo-2006 kulinganiselwa amanani aphakathi nendawo, izindleko zokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa, kanye nenani lembuyiselo yokunakekelwa kwabagula ngengqondo ezigulini ezibhedlela zomphakathi ezingama-418 eU.S.

Izindleko ezimaphakathi ukuletha ukwelashwa kulabo abane-Medicare:

Ukwelashwa kweSchizophrenia: $ 8,509 izinsuku eziyi-11.1
Ukwelashwa kwe-bipolar disorder: $ 7,593 izinsuku ezingu-9.4
Ukwelashwa kokucindezeleka: $ 6,990 izinsuku ezingu-8.4

Ngeshwa, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2006, iziguli ezingaqinisekisiwe zinamathuba amaningi okuthola ukunakekelwa okuncane. Qaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokwelashwa kweziguli ezingakatholakali umfishane kunokwelashwa kwabanomshwalense.

Izindleko ezimaphakathi ukuletha ukwelashwa kulabo abangaqinisekisiwe:

Ukwelashwa kweSchizophrenia: $ 5,707 izinsuku ezingu-7.4
Ukwelashwa kwe-bipolar disorder: $ 4,356 izinsuku ezingu-5.5
Ukwelashwa kokucindezeleka: $ 3,616 izinsuku ezingu-4.4

(Imisebenzi Yezengqondo, 2012)

Izibalo zokwelashwa kwengqondo

Ucwaningo Lukazwelonke Lokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa Nempilo luchaza izinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo njengokuthola ukwelashwa kweziguli noma iziguli ezingaphandle noma ukwelulekwa noma ukuthatha imishanguzo kadokotela yezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

U-15% wabantu abadala baseMelika (abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-25) bathole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo yengqondo ngonyaka owodwa. (SAMHSA, 2018)
Ikota labafundi basekolishi banezinkinga zempilo yengqondo njengokukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala. ( Izinsizakalo Zengqondo , 2020)
Iningi (93%) labafundi liyazi ngezinsizakalo ezise-campus ezihlobene nempilo yengqondo. (I-American Psychological Association, 2018)
Bangu-13% kuphela abafundi abanenkinga yezempilo yengqondo abasebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ezisekhampasi, njengokululekwa. (I-American Psychological Association, 2018)
Ingaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yentsha emhlophe ayizitholi izinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo, kepha uhhafu wentsha encane ayikutholi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. (INational Alliance to Advance Mental Health , 2007)
Ngaphezulu kwengxenye yabantu abasha ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bezingane bahlangabezana nenqubo okungenani yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo eyodwa, kepha yi-15% yabo kuphela abathole ukwelashwa. (IHhovisi Lezobulungiswa Bentsha Nokuvimbela Ubugebenga, 2017)

Imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa nemithi

Uma utholwe unesinye salezi zimo zempilo yengqondo, ungasebenzisa le mihlahlandlela ukuqonda kangcono izinketho zokwelashwa ongazithola futhi uqhathanise nemithi ejwayelekile oyinikezwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuphela komuntu onganquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukukhathazeka
Ukucindezeleka
Isifo se-Obsessive-compulsive (OCD)
Ischizophrenia
Isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD)
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar
Ukunakwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD)

Izinsiza zempilo yengqondo

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokugula ngengqondo kanye / noma unemicabango yokuzibulala, usizo luyatholakala. Sebenzisa la maqembu okusekelwa alandelayo kanye nezindlela zokuphila ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okudingayo.